ii-WB ?WM&4IW ^Bwmmwmmsti vqlump:
vii ciieraw.south-carolina, Wednesday, February 33, isi2 number is ih
f\l - ? ?-" * * * "*v <*^v* ' i-'vw " ' >-v
_,. .- - ---^ ? i la n<t~ * - -in r r i it n ' t ?: = - .7-"' * tttj-. -*tmm
By m. MAC LfiAX.
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ARTIFICIAL GRASSK3.
Fr m the Temperance Advocate.
JPIHH CRKKK AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY".
The Committee appointed to prepare
and present a .Memoir or Essay, lobe by
this S'K:iety forwarded to the State Agricultural
S-?ciety, beg leave to report:
That in the discharge of this duty, they
'? have been influenced by the hope that a
lew facts, the result of experience, will be j
tnore and hotter calculated (o promote
the subject, which the ?State Society had
in view, whon thev parsed the Resolutions,
which have called forth this It -port, than
- any theoretical essay, however well writtea
or plausible it might be. There is
no pursuit of man, which depends bo
much upon circumstances, as that of
Agriculture. There is, therefore, no pur.
unit in which general principles are so of.
ten miiapp'ied. Consequently, finespun
theories are not weil calculi:led to promole
the general interest.
In selecting, the cultivation of the nr.
tifiriai grasses, as the subject of a memoir,
to be submitted to thi^State Society,
the improvement of the soil, is (he ulleri.
or object to he kept in view. To accomplish
this* the ground must he stocked
with the grass seed every time it is sown
in either wheat, rye or oats. The grass .
* ? ? ,
iw J generally are red ciover. re i top or 1 (
Hon]* grass, Orchard grass aid Timothy. j
To adopt this course, ihe farmer mist be
* prepared to let hi* land lie to grass r?t least |
three years, otherwise the object will not
be accomplished. The advantages to be
derived, are first the pasture for his stock,
second, preventing the land from washing,
third, the vegetable matter which is left
upon the soil to turn under when ploughed
down. To improve ?o soil; you must
have manure, to make manure you must
have fctock; to keep stork, you must have
prf*. "Therefore, it is considered thatthe
cultivation of grass is of as much, if
pot rnoro importance, than moat of the)
crop* wt; do cultivate. It ia said hy sonic, |
who laugh at the idea of sowing grass !
eed, that we have a plenty of grass with- :
out anwinrr. The Brasses, however. I
^ n ?-? which
we want, are those which come
culy and continue Into. Such is tiro led
clover, red top and orchard crass; of the 1
timothy, we cannot speak from experience '
Having slid this much, by way of introduction,
wc will now speak of facts. I
Tha facts reported, have been the cx- 1
perience of one of your Committee.. 1
In t!i? month of February, 18517, about !
thirty acres of ground, then growing);
wheat and rye upon it, was sowed with 1 (
red clover seed. The seed was sowed | j
upon the ground, and permitted to go j
down with the snow and rains. The j
method adopted in sowing was, to mix
the seed with ashes, made moist, as much
?eed to the bushel of ashes ae was intend- {
ed for one acre, which was about eight '
pounds of seed. The clover grew up in j I
the spring, and at the tine of cutting the jf
grain, was generally about six inches. : I
The summ r of ls37, it was pastured,
after the crop of grain was taken off, with <
hogs and small cattle, and some times J,
horses and milk cow*. The summer of ) j
1838, no stork was permitted iogo upon !,
it, until it was in bloom, about the middle i
of June, to first of Julv, when about fiftv
hogs, between forty and'fifty cows, and '
some horses, were permitted to pasture '
upon it, until the crop was eaten off. The
Stock were then taken off. and the clover 1
hen grew up again, and made very good *
fall pasture, though not so good as the I
first. The spring of 1839, about fifteen 1
biishels of plaster of paris was put upon 1
part of the field, about one bushel to the i
acre. The crop of clover was not so good <
this year as the crop of 1838. but made j
very good pasture, and was treated much
fts it was in 183ft. This year satisfied ,
the^proprictor of one fact, of which before j ,
he had doubt, vi7j that red clover will I
stand our summer heat and dry seasons.
I If it withstood the dry seasons of 1*38
and 1839, we may expect it to withstand '1
our ordinary dry soa>o is. The fall crop
of 1839, was perm ttcd to go to seed and
ripen, when the whole was turned under,
with a large two horse plough, brought
from New York for that express purpose,
.-i the last of November and month of
December, as the season would permit,
he ground was agtmi sowed with wheat
and rye, and a better crop was taken
off it, at the harvest of 18 10, than eve.
was on it since it became what is termed
old land. The clover at the time of bar
vest was generally from eight to twelve
inches high. No stock was permitted to
go upou it until the clover was blooming:
I at this time it Was generally eighteen
inches high, and some stalks measured
two feet. It was then a sight well ealculated
to satisfy any one, that it requires
but to try and we can grow clover. The
spring of 1841, the dlover came on as
usual, hut the weeds Sprang up and smotnered
it so that the crop was not so good
as cither crops. It is intended to fall on
the ground this winter, and plant corn in
it the next year, then sow again in wheat
and rye. with a view to see whether a
sufficiency ofseed is in the ground to
stock it again with clover, of which a
doubt is entertained. The i.md upon
whifcU.thi* clover grew, is a stiff soil, or>.j
iginnl growth of timber, hickory, post-oak,
black-oak, black-jack, and some few pine.
The location is upon the south fork of
Fishing Creek in Chester District, about
fifteen acres of the laud lias been cleared
upwards of forty years, the remainder about
twenty-five years. There has been
no manure put upon it at any time, except
about one acre, and thaUbut very trifling.
The cost of the clover seed was a few
cents under eight dollars per bushel, delivered
on the farm, so that each acre had
about one dollar's worth of seed Upon it.
That seed stocked the ground for five
years and two heavy crop* of wheat and
rye taken otf it in the time and after the
first year, the pasturage is considered,
worth morth more than al the expense
would be, if it had to be stacked every
year with seed, aud ten per cent, upon
the valjo of the land. Hogs will fatteu
to make good pork, without any other
feed, by giving them a little salt occasionally.
The richness of the butter and
cmik is known only to thoso who have
seen such. Care is to be taken when
cows arc first put upon the clover, not to
put them on until the dew isoiT the clover
in the morning, and not let them stay
on long at onetime, for a few days ; af.
tei wards by keeping them off* until the
dew is dried up, no injury is to be apprebended.
There is no injury to be apprehended
to hogs at all. No serious injury
has ever been experienced with horses
It will salivate a little the second crop,
but by giving dry food, the salivation
will soon stop. No part of this clover was
5.it for hay. hut in another experiment it
has been mowed successfully.
In the spring of 1337, about one and a
half ho res of ground which had been previously
well manured by cowpanning, and
t crop of turnips taken oft* it the winter
)f lSd-j, was sowed in clover and orchard
jrass together. The grass seeds were
town with oats. The orchard grass, it
*as ascertained afterwards, was not sow.
id sutfioiently thick, as it came in bunch's.
A heavy crop of oats was taken off
Lhe ground, and the clover was cut that
lutumn, a vary good crop, though not
well cut on account of the out stubble.?
In the year ofl83?, the clover was twice
each cutting, about eighteen inches
mid two feet high. The orchard grass
liogan to spread upon the ground this
rear, and by the next spring, 1339, took
the ground from the clover generally,
^ Iin.n if hnniuif,o/l li* tiimlr 'I'llM I
rrilV?V li n??|'|n/iiv.u ??r 'v ?inv?? ? <?v
fears 1840, and 184'4, the grass ha* been
permitted tori|*n its seed, and then cut.
it is a hard grass for hay, when permitted
:ostann until the bloom como# upon it,
Hit when it is young it is tender, and
stock is very fond of it. The advantage
)f this grass, as a pas.lire grass, is that
t comes early in the spring. On the
first of April, 1841, it was sixteen inches
long in the blade, and afforded a go d
l)it for cattle. Another advantage, it
coittimies green .and is good pasturage
late in the full. After c!L the natural
grasses in our fields are dead and of no
service, this grass is green and good paslurag\
On the tenth of Novemlier,
1841 stock were turr.ed upon it, and had
;reen grass of from eight to twelve inchess
is the.blade. Whether if the grass
had Seen thick upon the ground, the sods
wo ild have taken the same hold, is not
known, but as it is, the sods appear to he
is firmlv fixed in the ground as broom
?rass. This gras? is of very rapid growth
ind in a few days after heing cut, shows
itself springing up ngain. The result of
experience is, that it is a fine grass for
pasture; but not so-good for hay. No
manure was put upon this ground from
the time the grass seeds'were sown. The
aoil is a yellow sandy, with a yellowish
clay subsoil. Has been cleared upwards
thirty years.
' In the spring of 1837, about one acre,
und in the "spring of 1839, about three
acres were sown in red top grass seed.?
In each case, the grass seeds were sown
with oats. Through this piece of ground
n umul! Krr.rw.Ii ph. m Thu rtno WJlw
originally wet and boggy, hut lying nt
the foot of a long cleared land* (he wash
upon it*, has covered it from six id ten
incites deep and it is no'tV perfectly dry.
Th ? year before the grass seeds were
sown, it was well manured and planted in
corn, and produced a very good crop.?
The crop of oats was good. The first
year could hardly be seen, The next not
a good crop. Each year since that, a
very good crop of bay, but amount by
weight not known. The crop n( 1841,
was generally from two to three feet
high when cut: and us thick upon the
.ISsiaiikiife
i ground as it could stand. This make*
an excellent hny, and upon a soii weli
pfripnred* yields a bountiful return. The
three acftiS vt\i9 before the west side of *
the branch, arid tfrds old meadow Innd, J
which had been used as a natural mead. '
ow for a great many years. The natural '
grass had boen entirely subd.ied by weeds
of different kinds* arid the ground abon- t
doned as a meadow, arid turned Odt, as '
it is usually termed, about; five or six J
years before being ploughed up, it was J
again put under fence, but the natural ,
grasses done no good. The winter of 1
1837 and 1839, a heavy Coat of long *ta. ^
ble manure was put upon it. Then fal- t
lowed, as well as the nature of the ground {|
i would permit, and planted in com. There j (
Was a bad stand of corn, in consequence j s
of cut worm destroying it. In the spring I j
of 1839, it was sowed with oats and fed j \
top grass seed. There was but an ordi- t
nary crop of oat s. The grass has been *
standing lor hay eVef Since, and the crop t
of 1841, was a very good cropi though J
not so good generally, as the one acre, a
hut it was owing to the fad that it was ?
not so thick upon the ground. It is be.
loived that the next crop will be bolter, as ^
it appears to be spreading ovef the
ground. A paft (it this, however, was
three feet high by measurement. The ^
soil upon which this grows, is what iecal- 0
led cold black-jack land, some places wa- u
ter rises in it, which ha* been attempted j t
to be remedied by cutting a 'ditch a long h
its margin, but has bcert so far unsuceess- p
ful. Whether this grass will grow well a
upon high dry soil, cannot he stated from 1
any experience, hut no doubt is enter- 1
tained that it will. This grass makes an ^
excellent pasture, both early and late, ^
a.id ut this lime, the 1 Qlli of Noveml>er,
v
the small cattle and horses are grazing f
upon the meadow, with apparent delight, t
that they have treated with the luxury of
green grass. f
Nothing can be ssiid ahnut Timothy t
grass from experience, more than that it r
is belcived it wilt grow, because, if ten J
or fifteen stalks will grow luxuriantly, p
there is no reason why acro:? should not. t
An attempt was made with ths timothy, a
but from defective seed (it is supposed) f
k..*.. rv... oi?iL-u ?r erri* w TK oi/ trnrn I ^
ihii a icw wi >% jji v w ? ? %,j *? w?\
about three to feet high to the top of the ^
seed stalk.
Your Committee have thus presented i
the result of the experience of one of its J ^
members, upoa the growth of what is cat. j a
led the artificial grasses, in contradiction j t
to the natural grasses of the country.? c
Tiie fact is to be ascertained, whether we v
have not grasses growing in our fields, li
which if cultivated, might not be equal ii
to any which is brought from abroad. It c
is found that the rye graas grows sponta- a
noons in our fields, and if cultivated, ^
might prove of great value to us. In
looking out for grasiic*, however, we ; n
ought to look for those which grow from j 8
the old root, arid not frcra the seed, be-;j ^
cause thoae which corue from the seed, j y
never come to maturity early io the year, $
and arc, therefore, not so beneficial as a j s
pasture grass. I p
So much has been written on the sub- j i
jeet of grasses, (heir values compared g
with each other, the lime of cutting them j ii
the manner of curing hay, that it is j n
thought unnecessary to say any thing, I
hut what hay been the r?sult of our eipe- , c
riencc. So well satisfied have WC been ! 8
with the result of our experience, that we 1
have determined to go into business upon j *
a larger scale, with a view to the im- I ^
provement of the soil directly, by turning '
under the clover? indirectly hy procu- ! a
ring an abundance of food.for stock of all ' n
kinds, without which manure cannot be j s
made. This we expect to do hy making 1 p
hay of herds grass and timothy. One of j I
your committee has now on hand, ready ' o
to Ihj committed to the earth, thirty | t
bushels of red top seed, cost in Philade! . a
piiia sixty-two and a half cents per bush- ? ^
el. Three bushels of ti/nolhy, cost in ^
Philadelphia four dollars twelve and a half | a
cents per bushel. Nine bushels of clover j.P
seed, cost in Philadelphia six dollars and j
fifty cents per husliel for part in New ) n
VI'.. *!.. ? r.n?ti?.tlor in ! .1
x oi r\. c iia >c ucun liiua |)amvuiui < |j
giving prices, because we known some of ; v
our citizens imposed upon in the purchase J a
of grass seeds, f ->r want of a knowledge of j tl
their current prices. Clover seed is gen- | p
erallysold hv the pound, and a bushel ll
weighs from sixfv two to sixty-five h
pounds. w
We have thus, Mr. President, given I ^
our mite to aid a cause, which has been j ,
so long neglected in our state, but which
is now-, we hope, nboitt to rise to a high j ^
rank in the estimation of so<yetv. That I
the farmers will no longer suffer them- j g
selves to be looked upon as beings ot an ; n
inferior order, but stand foftb as they are | j
the lords of the soil, the sovereigns of the j
country. R. G. MILLS, | <
Chairman. ; a
Fishing Creek, Nov. Iff, 1841. }|
iA_ f '?? ..1
ur. wrniiviiie jsnarpc rauiauii ^
Professor of Anatomy in the Jefferson
Medical College is among the applicants
for the benefit of the General Bankrupt
Law, in New York city#
" ' * * ' . I 1 e-V.
CONGRESS.
&KMATE.
t'he following r port of the rertta k# ttf Mr:
Dalhoun, when presenting the prtfcoerilng* of
he Legisla'ure of South Caroling tfn the iih
nst., is bj the cOrrespi.ziilcnt of the Cbarlceton
Mercury.
Mr. Calhoun said, he had received from
he same source, the proceedings of his
Legislature on the suhjefct of the controre
ray between the States of Virginia and
^ew York, which he asked might be read,
rhe report having been read, Mr. C. said
t would be seen that these proceedings
jrow out of a law passed by the State of
^irgir*tfr*s * rt^haure of necessity to pro.
ect herself against the position assure-d
>y the State of New York, and that South
Jarolina had backed Virginia in 'he position
she assumed, and had passed a sim.
lar law. It was not his purpose to say a
void in vindication of the course pursued
ly these two states. If any vindication
vere necessary, it Was amply made by
he very able Report of the Legislature
ust read ; but he rooe to ask the earnest
iad solemn attention of the Seriate, and
specially Senators from the non-slave(aiding
States, to the result of the course
rursued bv the Abolitionists. The present!
vas a suitable occasion to do so, as it was'
oe of the stages of its pfogres*. Whatrer
doubt might have existed of the ten* j
lency of the Abolition movement at its j
rigin, there could he none now, that it I
rould end in the dissolution and over, j
llrow of the Government, if it was not
rrested, and speedily arrested. He would
ass over the result which had already to
. considerable extent been produced?
he ostrangement of those who should he
lie best of friends, and repeat hie probund
conviction, th*t the inevitable tenIfcnoy
of the abolition movement was to
lestroy the union of these States. Slaery
in the South, was not simple slave*
y, but a political institution, and to her
Lie most important and essential of all
ithers. What was the object of Divine
'rovidenco in commingling the two race*
ogether in such large and nearly equal
umbers, it was not for them to inquire. j
["hey were, and it was only under the j
resent relation of master and slave that j
hey could exist. Break that relation,;
nd the inevitable result must be, the ex* j
ulsion of, or destruction of one or the j
ther by forco. In this posture of af* j
sirs, what was the course to be pursued j
y the South? She must piotect and!
efend herself by all the means placed |
ritliin her power by the Constitution.? i
^he communication between the North ,
nd tho South has become daugerous to ]
he latter, not because there was a body j
f fanatics in the North, but because they
field a power sufficient to govern the
igislation of some of the States in pass*
tig lows which affect the property and
ndanger the institutions of the South,
nd to counteract the mischevious leniency
of such laws, the Legislature of
Virginia has, with consummate judgment,!
r.odorntion and patriotism, made such ]
niendments to her police laws as were j
endered necessary, and South Carolina ;
ias assumed a position by her side. What j
rould lie the result if the course now pur-1
ued by certain portions of the North ;
hould be persisted in ? Why just in pro.
ortion as the communication between
he two sections should become dan*
;ofous, the' Southern States would move
n a body j they would lie compelled to
aove in a body, and pass laws restricting
he intercourse with the North, until the
ommumcation would be stopped alto;etber?by
mail, as well as commercial,
or the sa (Deregulations will be applied to
tagea, steamboat? and railroad cars, as
o vessels navigating the ocean. This
o they would, and do they mu?t. He
ailed upon gentlemen of the North, ho i
ppealed to them in the name of our comnon
country and of patriotism, whether
uch a slate of things between the two
tortious of this Union was desirable,
fe referred to the proceedings in the
ther wing of the capitol; he referred to
he proceedings of a Convention of four
untlred delegates recently held in New
rork, in which the slaves of the Southern
Itates were invited ty leave their masters,
nd the mode of d dug it successfully,
ointedout to them, and they were promled
protection and assistance when they
eached the North. He would not corn*
lent on the mistaken views relative to
he position of the Southern slaves, which
re re entertained at the North, but would
ssert, without the fear of contradiction,
hat thero was no body of laborers in any
ortion of the world without the limits of
he United States, who were so comfortaIe
ii? their physical condition, or had so
reat a proportion of the avails of their
ihnr aoolicd to iheir benefit. He would
iot contrast their condition with tint of
he w hite laborer in our own country. He
ppealed to gcnllombn from the North,
or the sake of our common country, to
xert their influence to put a stop to me*,
ures which, if persisted in, will destroy
ine.third of the Union, and extirpate one
f not both the races that now inhabit it*
The remarks of Mr. Calhoun were lisened
to with the most profound attention,
ind I cannot but hope fhat his earnest
i/rd solemn Appeal will have a most saluary
effect. . The document was then oriered
to be printed.
Senate.?Feb 1th.
States refusing the Land Distribution.
The following resolution, submitted
* w m . . i ? * v
f ...
mgssB a i sfinie
drfjrs since by Mr. CiiAlfy wm then
taken u^i ,
Re&lvetl'fhitt the Committed On the . i
] Public Lands be instructed to rnqdtre into I
the exjtediettc'y of pfdvidftfg by law th'af. I
whenever any State or states shall refuse i
their proportion Of* the pfoceeds of the i
publit' Janifs, such proportion shall be dis I
tributed among the residue of the assent* I
j ing 9hftes/ i
Mr. King said he presurtletf tf?e Senator
j was not serious in presenting fbe resolu-*
! tion; and, if he was not dispd&J to ask
j action upon it, he would movt to lay the 1
subject on the table.
Mr. Clay said he hrtd much mtfre ren.
son to suppose the Senator waUfrptaeriMis '
in what he had said, than the Senator to "
suppose he was not serious in offering his y
resolution. He would tell the Senator 1
from Alabama what were his ?te*sr,uptm r'
this subject. His resolution wad to hi- '
quire what should be done with the land r
revenue appropriated to a State, when ^
that state refused to receive the portion *
thus appropriated* Me would not make c
a hasty disposition of the land wh'tfh any ;a
Legislature, under the influence of party v
feeling, might refuse to fcceite. That, *
he conc< iv? d, would be unj idt to (he poo. H
i pie themselves, who, he thought, held !
di(ferefit opinions from their Legisuiftffes*r
upon this subject. He believed, how. r
evsr, that if the People continued to ob '
ject, artd two or throe Legislatures should 1
state their objections, that something (
should he done with the lands thus re- *
fused. He would rtsJt, what was to he , I
done? His opinion was, that aftar any *
State perseveringly refused to receive '
this land, jt would be proper for Congress ;(
to make some other disposition of the pro- f
portion belonging to such State. '
Mr. King said he did not think the 1
Senator was serious* He had tofd us (
over and over aga.n that the land belong- I
fed to tho states; and would he, because f
a State regarded the land sales as a cont> J
mon fund, and declined to receive' if, a p. *
propriate it to other States? Did it belong
to the" State so refusing, or to the
other States ? If it belonged to a dissent-1 ^
ing State, would they appropriate if to ,f
others because that state refined to re- '
ceive it? a
Mr. K closed with a call for tfie yeas ^
and Days; which were ordered by the *
Senate*
Mr. Chy hoped \fe shotrid knotf how 1
many Would vote for and how many ^
! against this resolution. He had said that '
: the land belonged to Alabama : and, if (
they refused to receive it, what (ben ? I 1
The case was like that of a father dis- 1
pensing his property to his children. If i
one child refused to receive his portion, s
could uot the father appropriate that | f
child's portion to the rest of the family ? r
the General Governmont, as the parent ! 1
of the States, had given the land to (be *
states, awl one of the family of States ; '
had refused to receive her portion. Now* I *
if Alabama or South Carolina refused to ; (
receive her portion, let it bo given. to oth- '
I ers. He was ready to vote for thO [fropo. 1
sition at any moment. 1
Gentlemen had called the distribution j ^
! policy one of robbery and plunder. How |A
robbery? ..How plunder? If he was ^
i disposed Jto retort, he might sltow that '
the robbery rested nat with tho receiving j c
states. Nothing was to he gained by j I
this language. Who were the robbers? j
Congress was the agent of this robbery, ' =
; and the states the receivers of the stolen
gj?ods. Congress, aft* f ten years labor. | *
ing to effect the object, had paasod tWfe r ^
bill, and the people of the states receiving j ^
their proportions would have had the ben. J ^
efits of it. And this Was called robbery. 9
What was to be gained by such cfimina* e
tion? What was the question submitted 7 *
It was one of distribution, involving iiidi. !a
rect taxation to tho extent of supplying j (
the means in the Treasury withdrawn'11
ffoin it by the bill. It proposed that the
Government should be hereafter carried | *
on without reiving upon tho land fund
which belonged to the states.
Mr. Calhoun said that the Senator !
from Kentucky showed profound iguor. i\
ance if he expected that South Carolina t<
could be bribed by this fuftd. Nineteen [
... . . . ri\
twentieths ot the people ot his slate were 11
opposed to this hill. It was a great (pies- l!
tion, and he held it as fur more important j
than gentlemen upon either side of the j ^
Chamber. It was a question of revenue j t|
?of union ; and, if a bold rrttm were to i b
desire the dissolution of the Union, he j r
could not wish a stronger means to accom- j11
plish it. He knew that the Senator from 8
Kentucky was ardently attached to this
Union, and therefore cheerfully acquitted q
him of any such object in his defence of J ,
this measure; but any man wishing to I
accomplish this could not have the way
more clearly pointed out than by the op. l!
orations of this measure.
?
Mr. C. proceeded to comment nprm this
measure as one of revenue. The ef- j,
feet, lie said, was to make Offe-tbird of c
the Union pay the t.i.l which wruld be t<
created by the withdrawal of this fund, d
The tax-paying portions of the country I
1 had to pay the tax created by withdraw- j
ing the money from the National Treasu|
ry through the opera tionn of the distribu'
tion bill. In regard to the land, the question
was, whether the (and belonged to
the States or the Union. If it belonged
to the Union, you had no right to touch 1
a dollar of it. South Carolina and Ala- n
bama regarded it as belonging to ihj ?
-? s*'
Union; and,'so regarding it, thejr btfd* ^
thought it improper to apprbpfidle the a
money to Slate purposes .In regard to *... g|
the immediate question before the Senate, .ife'
hoped the Senator would go to - aH
engtha, and carry out his objects, lie. 'J
rnw light ahead, and io two yearn all of
he measures of the purty who had maclsr ^-18 ^
his (fife df ttteh measures^ would bo swept Mr.
Sftffith, of Indian*, stated the fee;
tons why he should rot* rn favor of the A
esolution y though h* would .not have'
iseff, ti& Said, had not the yeas and nayr ... /
>een called. As a matter of eourtefy,''
\e should vote for the proposed inquiry." - .
it had not been usual to refuse to autho. ,.//
ise such inquiries, when asked for, - la
oting for the inquiry, in no way did be* ,a;
ornmit himself upon lite matter iovofverf
n (hn itwiiiirv. H a linnrMauiiK anna -
"J"'. J 'WWIS|
lowever, in oppositbm to that disposition
>f ttfe refused dfefribufion which might*
le inferred front tHe resolution submit*'
ed. Mr. 8. explained also df the did*'
ussion whiel# frud arisen an tbiif tffejrfct
is otH tff pja'ecfr afnd-tftfttf ftiftfctf tluf
then th'6' hill to Repeal the Und dWInbition
act came up- for consideration- b?P
hould <*o fully into the object/
Mr. Allen continued, the debate. a*
ose not to discuss th'e immediatequestuof*
aised by .the Senators from South Udro-* ' .
ina and Alabama, lie wished to say
hat he concurred in the remark, that the
juestion was whether we should iente it*
o the status to lay taxes for Sttie p ir.
>oses, or an indirect tax by ihe'Generrtl
Government for State purposes. 8balf'*
he State tax itself for its own purpoxea,>r
should the taxing power of this Gov
'ftnnent be exerted to.support the States-?
[le rose to say that this was tho question'
it issue, and no othet. He lose toBx(
his admission, made by the ,friends of ^ t
he bill. Shall, then, the State Govern*
nents tax themselves for their own oh*
ects, or shall the General Gove/nment*
?e taxed for these objects?
Mr. Clay sa'W be hoped ffcf (tef/Kn- i
ty of civil war which* tff Mfff (ffftffat vf
lis fc marks', the Be'hktffl from Ohio pro.
iicted 84 ti Consequence of this aOf of the
ast session1 would he averted. Thfrt
in argument to frighten old ttttttien wilh.
I^i^il war! for what T Fof passing a dieribution
bill, fn regard to the question'
trgiretf by the Senator from Ohio, if'if * '' _
van properly stated, Mr. C. hopad bo* v*
ivould reiterate it until it was beard by "
ivory man. and women, nnd ohiki in thoT
;ountry. He had him.olf over and over
rgmrf declare! that there was no pdwef':y
i\ the Constitution to levy (axes fof (he* > v
mrposes of distribution. No ope on his- ^
tide of the question had ever contend, d or
such a power. The nearest appro**,
nation to it was the fecornmendhtfdrf V?f
bo Senator's friend at the Hermitage,*
jrtffftfral .Mcnsoj*, who propose*f * diHtri-' ,3?K
rntion after taxes had been levied. New,*
vhat did the friends of the distribution
?olrcy pfoptne? Nmhir.g more than this*
rhe public land was the common proper*
v of the Slates, and the Whigs proposed1 *
o give to the states what was their owiiV
>Vaa this robbery? Was if plunder!
<fow, said Mr. Clay, will'the Senator*
rom Ohio stato me fairly ? If he wtllf
re will but repeat what the Whig* bavo
onsfrtftiMt' proclaimed upon this floor for
en l&ng years: that Che land belongatf
o ike stales, and tiie Whigs proposed l<y
;iVe them what was already- theirgil t I'llfl'iME
Mr. Clay then replied very briefly in ^ >
ho last remarks of the Senator froo> '
iouth Carolina. He said he did not pro* v
ess to knew much of the pwple of South > ^afolins^
fie had never been in the
tate, add had only had the pleasure of
oinmunicatiug with gentlemen of thaf
tilfaas he had rftet them in one or Other
if tbe branches of Congress, (n tfe^arcf
o the question under consideration, be
leither knew, nor?with respect lie said
f- cared whether the state wouid receive
he money or not.
But (continued Mr. C.) the Senator' /runt. ]
iouth Cirolina thinks the measure will lead
0 disunion. ^ ^ y
Mr. (jafiotin slid, by way of expfa'natiOt%
idt the tendency of the measure would bo
j lead to d'xunion. ^ *t - l_jrin.
Mr. Ciay said l?e thought dtffer^^y, arjd
iat the effect of the tfistrrbutkmf would, <?n
be contrary, be o'ne of the sUunaesf boud* of
r(V Union. ~
Mr. Wcio^lwfl^. thonjjfht rlW ^eniitor frnin
Kentucky must be' Under some mistake ka to
f?e receipts from lands under the distribution . "'1
iH. The title to the land was with the gene,
al government. It.was a trust fund.- Thfr
loney/eci'ived from the sales of land would
o iiitur tire 'treasury. If one Of the StaU-W
efused to receive its proportion' of tho mon^y
om the sale of Und.it would ,g'o iuttf tbw
Veasury. and would be confiscated and ap-.
ropriated to the euiwnou pu "poses of the
J n icer. -Zint
In regard to the effect npdtf-the trrsie?T?f
he UnUttii 'ri was obvious that the State*
rould be taxed for their full proportion reeived
under the distribution bill. The n^r
IdeWtod States would have . to submit lo an
idirect taxation for tfc support of the Gov-,
rnment. The operafiotf of ffie tchrine vr\s ^
cf compel indirect taxation for the purpose# of . #
istribu?ion.
Mr. Allen thought h* Ff*d not' miirepresen*d
tin: Senator from Kentucky, for the reaeon
hat the efle'ct of hw proposnicm would lead to
he results lie had named. Thar system wan
srre^cb of the taxing power, aft'-icting Uie
eope, and two millions and a ha J had al*
eady oeen lost to :he People by it
Air. Mangum moved to amend the reeol*
ion by add nig thereto the words M or in wtnt
nanner tli.ise proportion* on ?ht to be disposed
f, or .whether any u-^osiuoa ought to bt
n&Jtt Of -