: v * >;> y - -V? I . .1^.?. .. . . ?,< * MJfB (SMIM-AW ?S=^LlFMJrvU " CHeRAW. SOU I'H-OAKOUNA, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 5, .1842 NUMBER 8, By JH. MAC LEA*. Ph weekly at three dollars a year; with an (dditiou, when not paid within three months, o f twenty per cent per annum. Two new su'ifcrilrtTd may take tho paper at five dollars in a ivance; ami ten at twenty. Four aubscrih ?ra, tint receiving their papers in town, may p.i f a y*jar's subscription with tcu dollars, iu advati A year's subscription always due in advance. ' Papers not (lis JunUnued to soloent subscribers | in arrears. Advertisement t not exceeding Ifi lines inserted or one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each nluraqnent tune. For insertions at intervals of two wr.-fcs 75 coats il or the first, and a dollar if the intervals nro 1 mger. Payment due in advanee fur advertiseii n's. When the uuuil?er of insertions is not c lurked on the c ?pv. the advertisement will bo inserted, and charged til I ?rd!/KCKDING STOCK. j Frotn an I?y J. $h**ll>y. hofore tho i T umenecSate Vldcaltural .Socio y, at j i third annual meeting. on the 14th ol i O . H41 At our last ai I ml mooting we discus, aed the Philos v y .| |Sr*oding-" We |*tf-0|Ki?e * at pre* . 10 give our opinion ii|hmi tliii ticoiiofuy of Feeding, as being iutimatnlv connected with the other. We do not i*fietid it minute detail of the different articles oi food that are in common use * amongst fm-dcrs. Our principal object is t?i callvMir attention to the period of animal life, that requires our most particular attention, and especially th<*se animals in. tended l?y nature for the consumption of man. (t is proper to promise that aii animated nature is made up of a series of vessels, even the solid bone, and sinewy tendon, are congeries of vessels so deh< ate in their stucture that they cannot he d'ieovered by the naked eye. The stoutacb iu the g:e il i c ptacle of food; here it uMdcrg?K*s lh?j h:st digestive process. It is then taken up1>v the ahsmbeni ves srUaud distributed to the other parts of tiie system. From (iiis it is evident that the grow th of the animal depends as much upon a liberal supply to the absorbents, as to the stomach. The well established principle, thai self-preservation in (he firm la* of nature, is as clearly shown in an nnitiial (oat has been simply led, as it can he by any evidence that could be idduced. We all know that no animal that has Keen furnished with about one-hull' of what it could consume and convert into nourishment, has a stomach and head i disproportionately large for the balance of the system. Tne stomach being the de- ! jHiniiary, takes care of ilaclf before it div. ' ides with the oilier parts, then the brain 1 comes in tor its share, because the brain i supplies the principle of vitality to the < stomach, through the car vangtun or > eighth (stir of nerves; hence those parts ; grow in preference to the other parts of i the animal. -The stomach, in return for | this kind office, scihU the brain a portion 1 of its scanty allowance and if any parts of < the system are to sulfr, it will most ? c -Mainly he those parts most remote from < a.id least coounc ve to. the operations of 1 the fttomaeh ami brain.?The intimate i connection anil dependence betwixt the 11 stomach and brain,?tlieir reprocity of < feint* and interval, has been satisfactory i ly established by (ho experiments of &pulIvnzorti and J)r. Phillip Willson ; they ' arjwrated the eighth p.nr of nerves in ral>. j tula and dogs, lor the purpose of den ion- ! 1 strati tig dial digestion was dependant up- < on them, mid in every instance digestion ; < was suspended and a lingering death was the consequence. This being ascertain- 1 cd, it goes to prove, very satisfactorily? I to my mind at least?why the stomach and braio continue to grow, in preference to the other (wrts, in badly fed animals. A ..#1 ,t MiiniMii hu.iihnrivKit unfit wi< alter I our present system of managing and feeding stock. 1 Let :?* take a hnsty view of the general management of that most invaluable iT ss in evi ry re?p. Ci, ami b? ir never can be otherwise under such a t< system of feeding and management. N ? n o Let us look at tile opposite side of the ei picture and see~\\hat can be done by a in different" mode of feeding and manage- fi merit. I will give you a case or two di- y rectty in point. Mr. J. C. Rudsill, near vi Raleigh, in the Western District of Ten- pi nesee. says in a letter to the editors of the is Agriculturist, " On the 4th of last Jan- tr nary 1 purchased of J. Shelby of Nashville, yi :i cow ??f the Short Horn Durham breed, t'c in calf to his splendid hull Frederic. She ti had her calf on the 13ih of March, at 30 e< hours old it weighed 85lbs. On the 13th ii day of April, at one month old, I again tl weighed*him and he weighed 171 lbs.. s< having gained 86ll>s." He savs nothing :r of the management of his calf, hut from ir the fact that he gained within a very ai small fraction of 3lbs. per day, at the rr early age of one month, it is very evident that ?.e could have had nothing luit milk, in This case goes to prove very satisfator.lv ft what the absorbent vessel, will accomplish. j ??' !?ll imf tr? wnrlf. a lid it ' m ....... ...X,. .... .... . shows further the great importance of |? bringing tliein into action us soon us U| practicable after hirth. Nt may be urged j that milk is more digestible, and therefore more readily converted into fat or flesh, . and will produce a greater result than any , other food that can he taken into the ' stomach ; this I will not undertake to ,f gainsay. But 1 am of opinion; that there ,rl are other article< of food, if properly pre- Ci pared which will produce as gn at an increase, in the same time, in an animal thai c: htts been well fed from its birlh, after it is of j 01 proper age to masticate those articles. 1 Judging from the result that I have oh. L, . 1 II tained from other articles of food, 1 am t well satisfied that three pounds per day j can be gained, from the lime a well kept ! rulf quits sucking until it attains its full r< size, hut at what age it will attain its full i ('( % ' & size, but at what age it will attain its full j u ?ize I am not prepared to say. It is true ! ^ I have never fed with a view to ascertain J what quantity an animal could accumulate , It in a given period. I have weighed aev- n *r.d of my calves at birth, hue not after- ' pi wards, to know what they had increased ! h ex-ept Indian Chief, a red and white hull tj by imported Champion, out of a full blood- f, rd cow, dropped on the *29 th of January 1 j( 1837, rather an unfavorable time of the j tj year for rapid growth. For the first j | month he sucked addlibilum: after this he . 'Ill was allowed three teats night and inom-| ing until he commenced feeding, after i ric tins two tents until he was weaned, which j v was nl about ten months old. After this j he was well led. with calves of his own ; sl ugc, until lie was sixteen months old. hut fi with no special care or attention to make | s| him increase rapidly. At this time 1 i! separated him from the other calves and j ei weighed him. he weighed 1100 lbs. I : s( l .i - l . (hen placed inin ui a r me supormienu- ^ nnce of a confidential hoy, with instruo- 11 Hons to lake good care of him, that I' should weigh him again in six months. I ; saw him generally two or three times a a week, and sometimes oftener, and instrnc- I M ted the bov how to proceed. He had an i11 acre lot to run on, though thcie was very ';1 little grass that year?w^s fed upon cut j a oats or rye straw, mixed with corn cohh n crushed in a common hark mill, pumpkins ; d and crushed corn, green corn tops and ? fodder and husks cut with a straw cutter, u and mixed with crushed corn and cobb. j; At the exuiration of six months he weigh- ? ed 1520 lbs., having gained 420 lbs, or ! j, two pounds and ?i third per day. 1 have ! always thought if, I had taken him under ' ? mv particular care and keeping, and van- J ed his food, and instead of so much crushed corn and corn cobb, suist tuled corn meal, btets earf..ts, and parsnips, or even turnips, and cooked the whole, timt lie tl would have gained three pounds per day ;l Many other cases could he adduced to ft show the great advantage o' carlv teed- p ing. and I think it very q?i t ouui I?, I whether it angle cas.' of grei^f increase, in _ any animal can (je adduced where the |, animal was not well fed in early lifo. Nor i ^ i d [ believe lbat we could, bv any process f feeding, induce an old animal that has sen stingly fed in early life, to take on 20lhs. in six months, ft is like p itting ew wtne into old bottles; the botti ? will urst and the wine will run out, t>ul if von ut new wino into new bottles, and the inc ferriKMitetii, the bottles will stretch, > as to suit the fermentative process. A iilioi k of seven years old, that has been idly raised, will consume more' in any iveu time, than oae of the same age tiiat is been well fed from his birth, and will ot improve as much. He can take as inch into his stoma :h as the other, but will pass out by the draught. He has ot the same capacity of the absorbent easels, to suck up the thinner particles of ourishment, and distribute to the extern* I parts; he will void more excrement, and tniMih richer than' le excrement of the other. It may be rged that tiie two cases cited above were Dlh Durhams, and that the same results mnot he obtained from the comm< n ock under any system of feeding; g ant if you please?but I apprehend there innot he more than a hundred per cei . fl'. rence betwixt the common stock and le Durhams?if not, an animal of the amnion stock, fed as the Indian Chief, ouid yield 760 lbs. gross at 22 months? d?deduct 260 lbs. for gross, and you nve 500 lbs. of tine tender mahogany jef, that is beef that has the fat well in. rspersed with the lean or muscular.part, ow let me ask how many of the common itiie, under the present system of feed ig, will give you 500 lbs. of good beef at ve years old? I leave the answer with ou. There is another very decided ad. milage that early feeding has over the resent protracted system, if your object only to raise for beef. According to >e present system it requires six or seven ears to raise an animal that will bring ?rty dollars; during the whole of this me you incur the risk of his dying, you niisurne more time in feeding than I will i 22 months, and you are lying out of ie use of your money; whereas I have >ld my calf, am clear of risk,can employ iv time in some other way, and have my loney to shave upon, bv which process, t the present rate of lending, I could lore than double it. These are matters -some of them at least?that should not 3 lost sight of by the slock raiser and jpfler. Having taken a hasty view of the lanagement ol horned cattle, we now ??v ?nmf ihiufr in renard to the *" ""?* ? lanagement and feeding of hogs. The >g deserves oar sympathies and our ire. We derive mring and summer they have to provido >r themselves, as they did the previous >ring and summer, and the fall following ?ev are hunted up and gathered togeth. r, some having gone to neighbor R.'s >me to neighbor C.'s, and some to a third lace, to sec if their hogs were anv better ented. When all are collected, some without n ear, .some without an eye, and (re. uently u broken thigh or leg, the owner ies to console himself by thinking they re not much worse than my neighbors, nd 1 am in hopes I shall be able to kill as inch meat as will do my family. I woner if there is any one present that has ver caught himself soliloquizing in this ra v. If so, I hope he will excuse me mr drawing a picture that portrays his management with too much accuracy. Vom two to three years old they are "put p," (as we say in common parlance) to ince to f t en. At this time there is not pire than one in ten that will weigh over OOlhs., and generally a large majority ill below 80lbs. The enclosure where i I / ii 1 I I* Hey are to no lauenea is always maae in hurry, without any regard to comfort nd the first rain that falls after they are ul up, thev are to their bellies in mud. Jorn is now thrown to them in profusion -they eat m< re than they cnn digest? eeotue feyensh, and thrive but badlv, c cause their absorbent vessels have nut i the c pac'ty lo take up the thinner par-1 tlclcs of nourishment from the stomach and other bowels, and carry it to the cell- ( uhfr membrane, where t 8 converted into fat. At the end of ten or twelve weeks | tilt: hogs are killed, a majority weigh about 125, some 150, and occasionally one wih reach 175lhs.; wheni v :r this ha;. pens, the owner says, this was always a ; inofe thrifty pig than the others. When they are opened, their livers and messenter c glands show evident signs of disease. Owing probably to an inability in those parts to separate a healthy fluid from the blood, because the blood -a much richer, and has inure gross matter infused into it tha i when the animal was sparingly fed. It verv frequently happens thai a Jit : slips into tltc pen with the fattening in-gs, and remains until they are killi d. He fattens faster than any animal i in the pen, and rather than turn hitn oat ! to get poor, he is slaughtered with the ! others; when opened, he presents a very different appearance from the rest, his flesh is white and beautiful, has more lard or fat over his kidney and about his how. els, and his lungs, liver and niosscnteric glands are all in perfect health. The ahsnrlients are young, elastic, yielding, and have capacity and vigor to take up and cary to the different outposts of the system, the fluids thut were necessary to accumulate fat and increase his weight. Much has been said through the colnmns of the Agriculturist about feeding pigs. If we turn to the remarks of Mr. T Fanning, and the several coiiurninica-. lions of Dr. Martin, of Kentucky, wo will And what can be done by a luxurious course of feeding. In addition, we have the testimony of Mr. Odom, of Sumner county, Mr. YV RElliston,and Mr. , ofkDavidson, each of w hom have fattened pigs to weigh two hundred,pounds nt six months old, and I understand that Mr. has one that weighs two hundred and sixty pounds at six months old. But amongst all the feeders, we have not a single case of an animal that was stinted until two or three years old, and after wards fed freely for the purpose of show, ing what amount of flesh and fat could he packed upon his carcase, and I will venture to predict, that whenever the ex. periment is made, under the most luxu'ri. ous mode of feedirig, that he will not increase two hundred pounds in six months. My reason for this opinion is, that the absorbent vessels of every creature that has been stingily or sparingly fed, until two or three years old, have closed up nnrl Ku/inina f.hlitorn if tKf'V fl n> not lost to the system, they have circulated so little fluid through them, that they have not oromn in diameter, so as to have capacity sufficient to carry the fluids to the several parts of the system, to make adipose matter. We ail know that the flesh of an animal of three years old is much tougher than one of six months old. I would ask then if the fl sh is so, are not the vessels so likewise? Most certuiuly. Every one that has ever opened a hog and taken out tho bowels, must have noticed the large artery, lying lengthwise and in contact with the backhone, and when this artery was cut, he must have perceived that it was more like oseous or bony matter than the integuments or parietc* of the abdomen, that the knile passed through in entering the cavity. I admit that this vessel is amongst the strongest in every animal, and of course one of the toughest, but all vessels partake of the same properties of matter, and all are governed by the same principles and laws. They become fixed and inelastic, and unyielding in animals, after a certain age, therefore you cannot distend them, as you can the vessels of young animals?moreover the circulation is more rapid in the young than the old, the heart, the arteries, the veins, and absorbent vessels, all circulate their several fluids with more rapidity in young than in old animals, consequently a greater accumulation of matter can he made upon the youn?^ titan upon the old in any given period. It may be insisted by the advo cates of the nl I plan, that the pigs that were fed by Messrs. Fanning and others, wore Berkshire* and Woburns, and that the same result cannot be obtained by feeding common stock : this is certainly so, but by adopting the economy of feeding herein proposed, you will tind the common pig at twelve month* old, much superior to the adult bog at three years old. raised after the old plan. As an evidence that I believe what I .have here stated, 1 propose to give q silver cup worth ten dollars, at the next annual meeting of the Davidson County Agricultural Association, to the person, male or female, who will produce the best pig of the common stock not more than twelve months nlil nrwl an/tthur ..in. tui.rfh ten rl/ill:i m trw (he peison who w.ll produce the best yearling calf of the common stock. 1 have said in the previous part of this discourse that all animated mutter ia made up of vessels. These vessels require to be nourished, just as much as the stomnoh, and unli ss they are supplied with a proper quantity of nourishment, they cannot grow, and will eventually close up, and the parts,that nature intended them to supply will never he developed. Every one that has attended to the fattening of beef cattje t^nd hogs must have discovered that it is much mure difficult lu fat ten an animal that has been bidly raise! than one that has had suffi nent food to keep him growing from his birth. Nature has appropriated a set of v se's to each otgan in the whole eron ?my. Ti e I stomach and lower intestines are supplied I with ab.-orhents, to suck up and carry to | the other parts of the animal the thinner panicles of food. This food is convened into blood, urine, p ;r pirable matter, &<:. &c., and after these secretions are all supplied, the balance is converted into fat. That the fat is the last part made out of the food is very evident, from the fact that we find blood, urine, &c.. in poor ! animals. By supplying these absorbent i vessels with a due quantity of food, they ! will increase in size and strength, and ; suck from the crude aliment as it passes ! through the stomach and other intestine#, ! a great deal of what would otherwise piss j into the draught or excrement and be I lost. And if the whole of the absorbents I are not equally supplied with nutriment, j those having their origin in the stomach ; will get more than any other part, be , cause the aliment is applied to them first. Where as those of the lower bowels, which carry nourishment to the hips, thighs, and hinder extremities, remain un-rnj ployed, unexercised, undiluted?in short, ! they are not supplied with fluid, ol course cannot grow themselves, and in after life, if thev should be so fortunate as to got food, they have not the capacity to supply the parts lo winch they belong by the arrangement of nature, so as to make them equal to the other parts of the animal?hence it is that calves, or colts, or hogs, which have been badlv raised, are always more defective in the thigh or ham than any other part, and invariably more deficient in those parts than animal* which have been fed from their birth.? To conclude my remarks upon this allimportant subject, I have only to add, that the best economy of feeding (in rnv opinion) is to commence with our young stock as soon,as they will take food, and give it in such quantity and quality as to keep lliein growing?never suffer any . one to retrograde if you can prevent it. [ would not advise that those animals which are designed for breeders should he kept fat, for the- reason that the powers of the system are all concentrated, in the process of making fat. ull the secretions hp* carried on to nccoin dish this great object?they are transferred fromevety other part to the adipose membrane, and the secretions of the genital organs are suspended in obedience to a law of the animal economy, that two great action* or secretions cannot he carried on at the same time. YV<; might say many things about the pleasure we enjoy in looking upon fine, sleek, well kept stock, and a great deal upon (he mortification and regret that every one, of any sensihiltv. J must feel, when he looks upon poor halfstarved creatures.?Tenn. Agriculturist. [The Physiology of Mr. Shelby is not always correct; hut this defect does not impair the value of his practical views, and his important facts.?Ed. Far. Gaz.] Pi-fim iho 4 inorican Pnrmof. TIIK BADEN COKN. Nottingham, Md. Oct. 29, 1941. To the Editor of the American Farmer: | 1 have come to the conclusion that | there can be no impropriety in informing J you, and through you the public, of an : experiment I have mide this season up? n I (ho corn known by the name of Gourdset-d, an I Mr. J N Baden's prolific. 1 made choice in the spring of a small piece of ground, nnd in order that each sort should have the same advantage re lative to the fertility of the soil, and should have the same share of cultivation, I thought it would be best to plant one row of the Baden, and another of the Gourdse^d, through the lot, making ol I each kind an equal number of rows.? , Last week I gathered and carefully meas. I urod the Gourdseed, and obtained 17 j bushels?I then gathered the Baden corn. ! and it measured 28 bushels. ? As iho difj ference is so great, I will say that if any : one should entertain a doubt of the corj redness of it, it can be removed by stjch i testimony as he inuv reasonably desire. Mr. Baden's corn not only yields by far ti e greatest quantity of grain, but I nearly double us much fodder as any ! other 1* ever cultivated?of this fact I am j so well satisfied that nothing could induce | ine to plant any other. Yours respectfully, J. Holyday. [The Baden and Duttnn corn with similar varieties are adapted to rich but ; not to poor soils. One stalk and one ear i to the hill will produce more corn in poor land?Ed. Ga?.] List of Acts passed b>j the General Assembly of South Carolina at the Session of 1841. 1. An act to Raise Supplies for the year commencing in October, 1841. ! iJ An.act to make appropriations for the year commencing in October, 1841. 3 An act to prevent the citizens of j Now York, from carrying slaves or persons held to service out of this State, and to prevent the escape of persons charged with the commission of any crime. 4 An act to annex the Equity District of Sqmter, to the fourth Circuit, and to change the times of holding Courts there in, and to establish a Co irt of Equity for ) the Districts of Chesterfield and Marlbo. I rough. 5 An act to extend the Bounds of the i Jails of die several Judicial districts of i this State. 6 An act to extend the right of chaU | lenge to Jurors. 7 An act toprevon! the Emancipation i of. slaves, and for other purposes* 1 8 An act to make she unlawful whip* | ping or beating of a slave, an indictable I offence. I 9 An net to suspend the electron of 1 Members o! Congress from this State* 10 An act further to regulate the offices of Comptroller General and th# Tre ?sii-^r the State. 11 An act to amend an act. entitled anact to provid for the re;miring (far Court Hohsea and Jails in this S.ate. passed'orv l he 19th day of December, 1827. 12 An act to establish certain R*i trespasses on the Saluda mountain Turnpike R ad, and to punish trespassers. i iff a ? 4 a. -L .1 ..i! i>7 .\n act io prevem o.Hirumion* 10 ' the p. ?ton Nock, i passed on the 13th D-cemlwr. 1340. ! 24 Au act to vest i e title of toe State ; J in certain escheated properly, in JoliQi Bask ins. 25 An act to appropriate the Fine imposed by the Court on Julius Pardue, for killing Daniel Price, to the use of the Heirs of the said Daniel Price. ( ,, ! 2(j An act to confer on George Frede. r rk flolmeu. an nlien. thn i.rivihttfA i?f" ? ? r ? I applying tor License to practice in the Courts of this Siate. '11 An art to reduce all acts and clauses of A-is in relation to the Militia. of this State to one act, and to alter and amend the same. distkkss in tiitkat britain. ' Extract from a letter to the Netr YorJc iju/i, doled London, Deer. 3d. 1641. 1 am sorry to be obliged to inform yon that the general depression in all kind* of trade still continues, and th :re is little , hope that any alteration will take place : for the belter during the winter. M>uy of the larger mills in the manufacture? districts are working short time. Several have been >hut up alt rgethor, and (allures ure numerous and for large amounts. The consequence ot ail this is. that -the operatives find little or no employment* and their situation is truly a melancholy one. Ruin and misery stare them in the face, and they see no relief in the future. On the contrary, the cold and chill winter is corning, when their sufferings will be increased, and it is really alarming to contemplate their condition. In the middle of (he winter, unless some measures are taken for their relief, thousands must perish Iroin want. Meetings are held in f La in/J rmiikliu u nrl ihu Innv/i Lkitt nc l'n* inw iii^iiu|;?'iici nini IIITI IUUIIH iui the purpose of raising funds, but where there are so ma ty thousands out ot e?nploy, and on the brink of the grave from long and severe privations, it wilt require an immense sum to keep them froin starving through the winter. In Paisicv, n i v where the distress appear* to be so very severe, thousands of persons are subsist, mg upon (he scanty allowance of two an J i ihree cents ver day ! ! Government ha* proposed emigration on a large tenia, by which hundreds of thousands of the miff* t-rubly poor may be sent out of tbit country to some other where they can obtain the means ot subsistence hy labor. EMIGRATION FROM LTVKRPOni. The following is a statement of emigrant departures from the port of Liverpool, between the 1st January and 31s| October 1841?British Colonies of North America. 3,870; United States of America, 34,928; Sydney, New South Wales, 5,748; Port Philip, 1,439,117; giving a total of 1.452,653 J ABSTRACT OF TUB TREASURY REPORT TO THE HOUSE OF RRPRRSINTAlTVBSI * r?,.ii? r? n - i. uj me r twite necenue amLExpeao* ture. The balance in the Treasury ea the 1st Juouary, 1611, (exclusive of the