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?CHhRAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1841. ' NUMBER 7.
" ^ ???? _ ??gggggaggssgss=s=ga==aas^
By M. MAC LEA*.
Tcbmi :?Published weekly at three dollars a .
year; with an addition, when not paid within
three months, of twenty per cent per annum. 1
Two new subscribers may take the paper at (
five dollars in advance; anu ten at twenty.
Foar subscribers, not receiving their papers
in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten
? dollars, in advance.
A year's subscription always due in advance.
Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers <
in arrears.
Advertisements not exceeding 16 lines inserted
r one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each
ubsequent time. For insertions at interval* of
two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar
if the intervals are longer. Payment due in
advance for advertisements. When the number
of insertions is not marked on the copy, the
adrertisoinent will be inserted, and charged til 1 '
trdered out.
$7T)iejMMUge inaal be paid on letters to the
editor on the business of the office.
From the American Farmer.
SunaiiL Ploughino?In our last, we
to-?k occasion to advance our vi ws in
a.ipport of subsoil ploughing, an I it gives
" * l?"l. nlo unfo In find nur^olf oil .lain.
119 |V?# IMUU *V ? vu. -w. ? VJU ?? >' j
ed by Or. Jackson in his Report <>n ihe ;
Geology of New Hampshire. To render
T 'the subject the more intelligible, it may be j
necessary to state, that Mr. Win. Tripure,
the head of the Shaker village, in
that state, sent Or. Jackson several speci- '
mens of the soils of the farm belonging to
that society. The memoranda accompanying
two ot them are as follows:
44 No. 3 is a very weak soil, rather
moist than otherwise, producing only
white birch binbes, and wild golden rod
(Solidago) and will not retain the manure
applied more than one or two years."
* No. 4 is the subsoil of the above,
(No. 3.)"
44 Would"not these two intimately mixed
fotm a good soil ?"
Upon which Professor Jackson makes
the subjoined remarks:
44 During the past winter, a largoshare
of mv tin ehas heenjde^o cry u ee .rehes
into the naturejof the soils, u.?d t intended :
to publish in this Ropoit a full account
eS iKa rowiilt* tn which I hnd arrived, hut 1
the subject requires so many details and
general considerations, in order to render
itfullv comprehensible, that it would be
impracticable to iiave the Report ready in
season, if all the matter should be printed.
By advice of the Governor and Council,
I have therefore suppressed a large portion
i f my remarks, and shall reserve them
for the ftrl R port, which will be publish- j
d hereafter. We shall then be able to [
g ve a still more detailed account of the j
nature and modes of improvement of soils, j
and ho K; to obtain much valuable static- i
tical inform ttion concerning the agriculO
P
ture of the State.
f have inserted the general results of i
the proximate analysi s, in order to exhibit
the proportions of earthy saline and vegetable
ma'ters in the soils which have
W been analyzed. In inv next Report, I
shall give a full account of the precise nature
of the organic matters which have
been detected iusoiisof various grades
offertility. I may here state that we |
have discovered the following ingredients <
? o o
in tha organic matter of all the soils 1
which have been analyzed, and that they <
vary in proportions in different soils and ;
at different seasons of the year, so that i
' thm (lohiil \i-111 ko rpnmrprl hprpwfter I
in the expedition of their relations to each I
other, ami to the mineral ingredients.
The soluble organic ingredients found <
in all fertile soils, according to the re- I
searches of Berzelius. Hermann, and i
those which I have made during the past 1
three years, nre. I
. Crenic acid, I
Apocrenic. acid,
Humic arid. i
Humin, and i
Extiact of Huinus* i
These matter* are generally combined ;
with the basis Lone. Magnesia, Soda or
Pot ish, Ammonia, Manganese, Per-oxide I
of iron and Alumna, forming extremely
complex combination? which require the <
exertion of the utmost skill of the chem- j
ist for their separation. I
As n general result. I would also state
that the creruc and humic acids, combined 1
with lime and ammonia, exist in the sub- i
soils; hence we may account, in a measure,
for the advantages arising from
deep and sub-soil ploughing, which hring j
these valuable soluble ingredients within [<
the reach of plants. ; i
In several bog and pond waters I have i
also found the apocrenate and humate of j
ammonia, in considerable quantities, and
I have no doubt that the differences oh- I
served in the relative value of waters for 1
$ irrigation depends upon the presence or I
absence of these soluble matters. j
When we form compost manures, we '
should endeavor to produce those useful |
substances which may be deficient in l
the natural soil, and to replace those i
which are exhausted by the repeated re- I
moval of crops, or by infiltration and de- '
composition. It becomes us, therefore,
to ascertain most minutely the chemical i
nature of soils, and to study attentively i
the effects of compost manures. This |
subject is yet in its infancy, and requires
the aid of tha most careful and scientific
reaearches for'its full elucidation." i
It would appear from the analysis of
professor Jackson, that substances highly
favorable to vegetation exist in sub-soils, i
which require only to be brought to the
surface and mingled with the surface
soil, or to be so opened by the plough, as
to be within the reach of plants and the
action of atmospheric influence, to become
soluble and, thus be converted into
nutriment of great value to vegetation.
As his researches have been directed to
the subject, we have a right to conclude
that the results he has arrived at, as well
as the opinions formed by hint, are correct.
If they are, and we doubt not that
they ate, the benefits to result from subsoil
ploughing, or even trench-ploughing, will
prove of incalculable value. We have
known many farmers who depreciated the
idea of deep ploughing sandy surface soils
superincumbent upon hard pan, orargilaceous
subsoils, on the plea that the former
would h? poisoned* Against the justice
or propriety of such fears we have
ever protested, because it was our opinion
that by bringing up the latter and commingling
it with the first, a soil superior
to either would he produced, for all admit,
that mould is infinitely preferable to
sand, or tenacious clay: and all must admit
too, that no plant was ever yet cur
tai ed of its fair proportions, or deprived
its pow :r of maturing its seed, by having
* Wopn h vt of healthful earth from which
to derive its food. Nor will it be contended,
that deep soils are not better ?dapted
to the purposes of culture than
shallow ones, where ihere may exist the
rightful distribution of constituent proprietors
to he converted into vegetable pabulum.
The existence of some in excess,
might, to be sure, operate for a short pvriod
disadvantageous^, hut time, which
takes off the sharp angles and asperities
ofthe human character, which enables
man to assume the mastery over his passions,
will, by a course of judicious culture
and continuous cropping, abstract this
excess, and render the soil fertile. So
that the danger of injury from mixing the
surface with the subsoil, is more imaginary
than real. But even it it were not,
almost every farmer has a corrective at
hand?and that corrective may be found
in lime, ashes, or marl. Therefore, we
say to all, plough deep?subsoil plough, if
practicable?or, if you prefer it, trenchplough.
ALKALINE MANURES?COMPOSTS.
Professor Jackson in speaking on the
above subjects has the following observations
:
"We can from experimental trials and
and from long and repeated observations '
give some us :ful directions as to the ope- i
ration of compost manurps. The follow- j
ing results may therefore he found of ad- I
vantage <o (he farmer, Vegetable matters,
on decomposition, produce a b.own substance,
which has arid properties:
B v the action of alkaline matters, such
as potash, soda, ammonia, and lime, we
may correct this natural acidity, and at
the same time convert a larger proportion
of the vegetable mould into a soluble
manure, capable of being taken up by the
rootlets of plants, and suitable for assimilation
in the vegetable sap vessels.
Animal matter, containing a large proportion
of nitrogen, gives out a great
piantity of ammonia when decomposed.
Hence the well known value of animal
i\> r merits as manures, even on soils
ilready charged with a sufficiency of
vegetable manors.
Now we shall see that the influence of
ime in a compost heap, composed of vegetable
and animal matters in a state of
decay, is to eliminate the ammonia from
the putrid animal matters, so as to cause
t to act upon the vegetable substances,
which are naturally acid, and to render a
arge proportion of the organic matter souble
in water.
The influence of lime is also exerted to
neutralize acids which in their free state,
ire noxious; such, for instance, as the
sulphuric and phosphoric acids, and their
icid salts, and the resulting combinations
with lime are extremely favorable to vegetation.
Gypsum, if mixed into a compost where
carbonate of ammonia is eliminated, is
partially decomposed, and carbonate of
lime and sulphate of ammonia result,
which the experiments of Mr. Lecoq and
others have proved to be valuable saline
manures. Carbonate ammonia is also
well known to oe a most powerful manure,
but we cannot afford to use in a
large way so costly a substance as the
:onimercial article. We must, therefore,
make it indirectly in our compost heaps,
is I have long siBce stated in former "Reports.
When we compost together through
the winter, peat, swamp muck, rotten
wood, or any vegetable matters, with
3arn-yard manure, and in the spring season
we mix into the heap, about three
weeks before we intend to use the compost,
some recently slacked lime, (or, if
that is not to be had, some unleached
lUy-v.i AM II - AM \ nfo nonorolo
Holies ui puiasu nui aionchy nogtnviuivj
from the decomposition of the animal matters,
an enormous quantity of ammonia,
which will be absorbed by the vegetable
acids, and the manure will be powerfully
augmented in strength and value.
The proportions in which peat or swamp
muck and stable manure have been employed
on a large scale* successfully, are
as follows:
Three loads of swamp muck or peat,
One load of stable or barn-yard or any
animal manure.
These are made into a compost heap,
9
and are allowed to ferment over winter9 \
or long enough for decomposition to comroence.
In the spring season, one cask of re- |
cently slacked lime is to be carefully |
mixed in, while digging over the heap. (
The lime extricates the pungent, gaseous ,
alkali ammonia which penetrates every (
part of the compost heap and nuetralizes
the organic acids, forming valuable soluble
compounds.
Night soil and the urine of animals is
also a most useful addition to a compost
heap, and wiil produce more ammonia
than anv other animal manures. Every
farmer should provide some means for
saving the liquid manures which are so
frequently wasted, for if properly used,
liqtf.d manures are of very great value.
If peat, swamp muck or rotten wood
can be obtained, they may be made to
absorb the liquids by placing them under
the stable, or a trench may be cut from
the stable and vault, and the liquid manures
may be conveyed thereby into the
vegetable compost which in such case
may be placed at a distance from the
dwelling house, at a lower level.
Vegetable matters of the kind above
should also be put into the hog-styes, and
the hogs will soon convert it into a good
compost. Every hog, says the celebrated
farmer Mr. Phinney of Lexington,
will make ten loads of good compost manure
if you will afford him the materials.
In the spring the compost is to be thrown
out from the styes, and then lime or ashes
may be advantageously mixed with it,
and it will be ready for use in 10 days.
Many intelligent and enterprising farmers
already practice some of the rules here
laid down, and it is desirable that all
should know the theory of their opera
" ?
tions.
The above views of Professor Jackson
are founded on^ommon sense, reasonjand
philosophy, and should rlbeive attention.
From the National Intelligencer.
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETT OF THE UNITED
STATES.
A meeting of the friends of Agriculture
from the different sections of the United
States was held, pursuant to public notice
in the Hall of the House of Representntivcs,
on the 15th of December, 1841 ;
when,
On motion of the Hon. Dixon H. Lew.
is, of Alabama, the Hon. James M. Gar.
nett, of Virginia, was appointed Piesident
of the meeting; and the Hon. D. H.
Lewis, of Alabama, Hon. Edmund Deberry,
of North Carolina, Dr. James \V.
Thompson, of Delaware, Joseph Gales.
Esq., of the District of Columbia, Benjamin
V. French, Esq. of Massachusetts,
and Jas. T. Gifford, Esq. of Mlinios, were
appointed Vice Presidents; and J. F.
Callan, of the District of Columbia, and
Robert E. Hornor, of New Jersey, were
appointed Secretaries.
The President, having very ably and
pointedly addressed the Convention, appointed
the following Committee to pre.
sent the Constitution of the Society, viz.
Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, of D. C., Hon. D.
II. Lewis, of Alabama, Hon. James A.
Pearce, of Maryland, Hon. Zadok Casey,
of Illinois, Hon. G. M. Keim, of Penn.
sylvania, John Jones, Esq. of Delaware,
Peter Thatcher, Esq. of Massachusetts,
andC. F. Mercer Esq. of Florida, who,
afier having retired for a few moments,
reported a Constitution, which was read
and adopted.
On motion, J. S. Skinner, Esq. Hon.
D. H. Lewis, and Han. H. L. Ellsworth
wore appointed a committee to wait upon
the Chairman, and solicit a copy of his
address for publication.
On motion ol Mr. Torrey, of Mass. it
was
Resolved, That the Board of Control of
the Society he instructed to present a petition
to the present Congress of the Uni
ted States to set apart the Smithsonian
In quest for the purpose of carrying out
the objects of the Society.
The Hon. Levi Woodhury ol New
Hampshire, Hon. LewisF. Linn, of Mis.
souri, Hon, William C. Rives, of Virginia,
Hon. D Lewis, of Alabama, Hon.
John Hastings, of Ohio. Hon. Henry L.
Ellsworth, of the District of Columbia,
and J. F. Callan, of the District ef Columbia,
were appointed a Committee to sc. ^
lect the Officers of the Society provided
for in the Constitution, to serve until the
regular election in May next.
On motion, it was
Ordered, That subscription papers be
left with the Secretary of the Senate, the
Clerk of the House of Representatives,
-l_ t :i ? e ?-A
Wie JUI urtll mil Ul VUII^'CW auu nun %I *%J
Secretaries of this meeting may enrol
their names.
Ordered, That the proct^dings of this
meeting he published in all the newspa.
pers of District.
And the Convention adjourned.
J. F. CALLAN,
R. E. HORNER,
Secretaries.
A family in Maryland were all lately
made sick, by eating of hominy boiled
in a brass kettle, in which it had remain,
ed all night.
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOB THE P203C0TION
OF SCIENCE.
The Society held its stated meeting
last Monday night for the first time in
the magnificent hall of the Institution,
Dne of the largest and finest rooms in the
world, being of the length oftwo.hundred
ind gixty-five feet and of the breadth of
lixty.five feet. The arched seiling of
the Hall is supported by collonnades, and I
the tessslated floor is of beautiful marble.
About one hundred members attended
the meeting; among whom were Cabinet
and Foreign Ministers, Members of Congress,
and many other distinguished
fui^tiOjgrg^ and devoportant
business was transacted, developing
the great resources, rapid growth,
and interesting character of this Institu
(ion.
It was peculiarly gratifying to observe,
on this occasion, the feelings of national
pride so strongly manifested for the con.
tinued success of this establishment, of
which there can be but little doubt, when
we see the fostering care of the General
Government generously bestowed upon
it.?iYat. Intel.
WINE IN INDIANA.
A statement is made in the Louisville
papers as to the production of a vineyard
in Indiana, four miles from Utica. The I
vineyard was seven acres in extent, with
only one acre and a half bearing, and
vines planted in rows six feet apart, and
three feet apart in the rows. The produce
is stated to have been one thousand
one hundred and seventy gallons of pure
wine. The grape was the Catawba, and
the vines five yenrs old.
CURIOSITIES ARRIVED.
The ship Jeannetta, which arrived at
New York, a few days since, from New
South Wales, has on board a number of
curious petrifactions, with a great varie.
ty of shells and other interesting speci.
mens of natural history. Also a large
collection of seeds of flowering plants and
shrubs, from New Holland, New Zealand,
and Norfolk Island, and some curious and
beautiful bids?all for the "National A*,
sociaton for the Promotion of Arts and
Sciences" at Washington.
extraordinary dicovery We copy,
veibatim the (blowing notice ol a late
Frence discovery, from an English pa.
per. Whether it is of any importance,
or whether it is any discovery at all, we
are entirely ignorant, but hope some of
our inquisitive readers will testit:
"The injection of a solution of chlorure
of aluminum into the aorta or main arterial
trunk of animal, wdl preserve it fresh
for and indefinate period, without impu.
ting to it the slightest taste. The chloric
acid of the salt renders the gelatine
or decomposable part of animal matter
incapable of decomposition, perhaps by
destroying some alkali, for which the
acid has a greater affinity than for alu.
m.num. The latter substance, thus de?
. ...
prived of its acid, Incomes an incipid
powder. The particulars of this discov
* * /n ii i r j _ 4. i
ery, ny.n uannni. win ne louna in ine
bulletin of the French Academy of Sciences
for the sitting of March 22, and in
the Literary Gazette of that meeting.?
From two to five pounds of salt, disvercd
Departure of tiie Ammtad Africans?These
personages, thirty-five in
number, being all that survive, embarked
on Wednesday last at New York, for Sierra
Leone, on board the barque Gentleman,
accompanied by the Rev Mr Steele, Rev
Mr Raymond and Mrs Raymond, missionaries,
and Mra"d Mrs Wilson, teachers.
From Sierra Leone they anticipate
no difficulty in reaching their own country.
Silk at Jamaica, W I ?A correspond.
d?nt of the Philadebhia North American,
writing from St. Ann's Bay, J a., Oct. 1th h,
days:?" I Jouna the prospects of the Yankee
Silk Company, headed by Mr. Whitmarph,
very fine. Our vessel (the ba-que Marline,
C.AUt Vpnnrrl lirrmnrht niorh* millions of Hllk
" TM ' "|"-6 fe--- worm
eg!;? for the company. They have already
completed a cocoonery 100 f< et long for
the worms The trees have attain'd a height
almost incredible in so short a time. Trees
, that were planted some nine months igo, are
| from 10 to li feet high."
AN EXTRAORDINARY WOMAN.
In the anatomy school at Oxford, Eng.
land, among other curiosities, they show
the skeleton of a woman who had ten
husbands, and was hanged at the age of
36, for the murder of four of them.
THE UNITED STATES BANK.
We are gratified to learn, savs the
Philadelphia Gazette that proposals have
been made to the government, through
^ * 11" 4 ? - -P r\n wrt koCO
me tiuucciur in nil* pun, iui m? pinvn?ov
of the magnificent banking house of this
corporation, for a custom house.
THE FREE BANKS?BANKING SYSTEMS, &C,
We observed a statement in the Na.
tional Gazette a day or two since, which
was vastly erronious in reference to the
free hanks in this state. It was to the effect
that the system had utterly failed?
... i
that out of about one hundred banks crea-1 o
ted under the general banking law only lj
ten or fifteen were left standing.
We will in the first place correct this
monstrous error of fact. The whole
number of banks established under that y
law was eighty.seven. Of that number g
we believe that no less than sixty are [
now in good standing, and generally in c
as good credit as any banks in the coun- h
try. Several of them keep their bills at a
par in this city, and none of them are at a
discount of over three, fourths of one per (
MAftf finma (V> VU f\ f t!\IO numkAti
J"''"' ?" "i mis iiuiiiuui Dm y
have concluded to wind up their business
of their own motion, hut if they have
done so it has been without any loss to
the public. But certainly not more than f
half a dozen have done so. It is entirely (
safe to say that at least fifty of the free t
banks of this state are in full and success- ]
ful operation.
We therefore deny that the free bank,
ing system has failed, as nllpged in the ,
National Gazette. As far as the experi. i
ment of freedom was permitted to go,
it may. justly be pronounced completely
successful. It was to he expected that
the starting of a new system would be at]
tended with difficulties. But they have
' not been greater than was generally anticipated,
and we have as many bonks
standing and likely to stand as are need,
ed for all business purposes.
iV. Y. Sun.
i
CHUKLTY AiXU tUUL UKAAlt*
On last Sahhath morning, a min by
the nsmeof Peter Cauble, of this County,
brought into town, to his master, Mr.
B. Fi.-ley, a small negro boy who had
been, so badly whipped by himself or
his wife, Polly Cauble that his life was
considered by the Physicians who were
called into see him, in eminent danger.
A State's Warrant was taken out against
Cauble who was immediately committed
to jail.
This circumstance led to the discovery
of one much moreserious and revoking.
It was known that Cauble had, about a
week before, buried a little negro girl,who
until now, it was supposed had died
a natural death. The little negro boy
was questioned about the death of the
little girl, and from him the horrible 8nd
sbocki ig apprehensions of her having
boen actually whipped to death was first
obtained. Mr. Turner, the Coroner, be
ing notified of it, promptly summoned a
jury of inquest, the body of the child was
disiutered and examined; and we Are sor.
rv to add, that it resulted in a confirmn- j
? %
tion of the boy's story. The verdict of.
the jury was thai the child had come to
-1 * 1
iis ueaw i?v violence anti aouse.
Polly Cauhle was also immediately ar
rested and committed to prison, where
she and her husband are to remain to await
their trals.?Salisbury Watchman.
The following Committees have been
appointed by the Speaker of the House
of Representatives, in addition to those
published in our last paper:
Committee on the Expenditures in the
Stale Department.?Messrs. John Van
Buren, N. Y- Charles Hudson, Mass.,
William M. Oliver, N. Y., John H.
Brockway, Conn., Win. S. Hastings.
Mass.
Committee on the Expenditure of the i
Trensurn DenartmenfMessrs. A. Law
rence Foster, N. Y., Samson Mason.
Ohio, Samuel Patridge, N. Y., Isaac D.
Jones, Maryland, James Irvin, P?mn.
Committee on Vie Expenditures in h
War Department.?Messrs. James J.
McKay, N C.. Thomas A. Temlinson,
N. Y., Peter Newhard, Penn., John H.
Brockway, Conn., Archibald, L. Lynn,
N. Y.
Committees on the Expenditure in the
Navy Department.?Messrs. Thomas
Jones Yorke, N. J., Wm. Simonlon,
Penn., Nathaniel B. Borden, Mass.. Alex.
H- H. Smart. Va.. Willis (?reen. Kv..
Committee on the Expenditures in the
Post Office Department?Messrs, Joshua
A. Lowell, Me., Christopher Morgan, N.
Y., Wm H. Washington, N. C., Linn
Bovd, Ky., Henry S. Lane, Ind.
Committee on Expenditures on the Pub
lie Ifuudnigs.?Messrs. i^nve jonnson,
Tenn., Sefh M Gates, N. Y., Benjamin
A. Bidlack, Penn., Samuel Stokely, Ohio,
Jacob Houck, jr., N. Y.
Singular Coincidence.?One of our
citizens has two sons who are s-ttled in
44 distant lands." One of them resides
in Illinois and the other in Texas. They
have not been in this quarter, nor seen
each other for Jice years. A few mornings
since, the father was standing at the
Lowell depot,just as the cars had arrived
from Boston. One of the passengers,
observing him, came toward him unperceived
and "tapped him" on the shoulder.
Looking up, he beheld before him his son,
who had just arrived from Texas. They
started from the depot, busy in conversation.
They had gone but a few steps,
when another person who had been a passenger
in the same train, came up behind
them and touched them on the shoulders.
Looking round, to theii astonishment and
delight they beheld before them the son
whose residence is in Illinois. The meeting
was to each of them altogether unexpected.
The sons had passed from Boston
to Lowell in the same train of cars
without having observed each other. The
father knew nothing of the intended visits
-
f his sons, and the sons weie quite **
gnorant of the movements of each other*
(LoweU Courier.
Valub op a Nosb.?Many years ago
re were on board the brig Ciarrissa, of
lalem, on a voyage to the north coast of
trazil. At that time good charts of the
oast were not to be had?as the trade
tad been but recently opened. Ourself *
od another youngster were in the second
REPORT /
Tfjhe Committee on Federal Relatione
On so much of the Ghmerncr's Message
No 1, as relates to the Controversey between
Virginia and New York.
The Committee on Federal Relations,
o whom was referred "that part of the
jovernor's Message No. 1, which relates
o the controversy between Virginia and
Sew York, beg leave to
REPORT:
That they have duly considered tht
subject, and have agreed to recommend
the passage of the Bill accompanying this
Report.
Believing that the Senate ought to be
in possessionaof the matter in controversy,
as well asjofcertain facta presented in
connection therewith, your Committee
ask leave to furnish the following statement:
V j
In the year 1839, Isaac, a slave of one
John G. Colly, of Virginia, was inveigled
or stolen, and carried to New York, by
three citizens of New York, engaged as
seamen on board the schooner Robert
Center. In July of that year, the Governor
of Virginia made a formal demand
on the Executive of New York, for the
delivery, to the authorities of Virginia, of
these men, viz: Peter Johnson, Edward
S 'iilh, and I.?aac Gausey, who, having
committed an offence against the lawa of
Virginia, a crime, in the language and
meaning of the Constitution, were regarded.
and so represented, as fugitives from
justice.
Gov. Seward, of New York, refused to
comply with this reasonable demand, and
assigned as cause for his refusal, that the
right to demand, and the reciprocal ohligation
to surrendor fugitives from justice
between soxercign and independent na-'
I tions, as defined by the Law of Nation*,
I include only those cases in which the
acts constituting the offence charged, are
recognised by the universal law of all
civilized countries. That the provision
in iho Constitution of the United States,
re stive to the demand of fugitives from
justice, applies only to those acts, which,
if committed within the jurisdiction of the
State in which the person accused is
found, would be treasonable, felonious, or
criin na , by the laws of that State: that
no law of New York at this time recng.
nized, no statue admitted, that one man
could be the property of another; or thai
one man could be solen from another;
and that consequently, the laws of Virginia,
making the stealingol asiavefeloI
ny, did not constitute a crime within the
{ meaning of the Constitution,
j That part of the 2d Section of the
! 4th Article of the Constitution alluded
to, is in ihe^e words: Any person with
treason, felony, or other crime in any
State, who shall flee from justice, and
shall be found in any other State, shall,
! on demand of the State from which he
I fl:d, be delivered up. and removed to thef
! State having iurisdiction of the offence.*
The Governor of Virginia, in one of
his communications to the Executive of
New York, oays: 44 U it true that the
offence committed by Peter Johnson, Ed*
ward Smith, and Isaac Guusey, is not recognized
as criminal by the universal law
J of all civilized countries? They are
| charged with feloniously stealing from
I John G. Colly, a citizen of this State,
property which could not have been worth
| less than 6 or 7 hundred d liars. And I
! understand stealing to be recognised as a
; crime, by all laws, human and divine."
To this the Governor of New York re.
pies: " It is f.eely admitted, that the
argument would be at end, if it were as
clear that one human being may be the properly
of another, as it is that stealing is a
i crime. On the contrary, however, I must
j insist, with perfect respect, that the gener*
' a I principle of civilized communities, is in
! harmony with that which prevails in thi*
i State, that men are not the subject of
i property, and of course, that no such
! ctime can exist in countries where that
I iirinriinip nrnvaiL so tKo fulnniAiid atnalimr
| |/i au\.i|/iv |/i vtuiki) ?iiv iviVil ivua
1 of a human being considered as property."
Against this monstrous, disorganizing
doctrine, so cioly avowed by the Execiu
tive of New York, every intelligent man
in Carolina will indignantly protest. The
2d Section of the 4th Article of the Coni
stitution above quoted, in the 3rd paragraph,
provides, that M No person held to
service or labor in one State under the
laws thereof escaping into another, shall,
in consequence of any law or regulation
therein, be discharged from such service
or labor, but shall be delivered up on
claim of the party to whom such service
or labor may be due."
Which Section refers clearly to the
property of the South in slaves, and thus
distinctly recognise such property, without
which recognition, and a due regard
to its protection by such fundamental
provision, this State would never have ett*
tered into the Federal Compact.
The Governor of Virginia, presenting
these facts to the Legislature of that
| State in bis annual Message, that Idgi*