z' w T t1 ' ' ' **. .'. jmd ?WMB * Register, Root culture in France. SELECTIONS. Of pruning, Sweet potatoes, Prairies of Arkansas, Malaria, Extracts from Gen. Emory's Address before the Maryland State Agricultural Soeietv, Essays on the importance of lime in soils?No. 1, Important discovery in agriculture and horticultural Society of Henrico, European farming, Subsoil plough, Fruit trees, pro. I .... . i. \ r I per article* tor exhibition at agricultural shows, The Missourium, or leviathan skeleton. Hiving hers, Medium sized vs. large hogs, Horn-ail. A (lav at Ridge, nmnt, on peat, Dr. Roucherie's process. On cider making, The remedy of each ir. dividual against non-paving banks, Amcr- j ican wonders Transplanting trees. From the Ohio F ee Fress, (at Xenia,) Oct. :10. SILK Cl'LTURE. Sinee tlie multicuulis mar.ia has sub. sided, and people have c?*ne to their sober Senses, their is a lair prospect that the business will be prosecuted in a judicious manner, and will richly repav the labor and capital expended in it. The Western Citizen, published at Urbana, Champaign counfv, savs several of the citizens of that coun'v have turned their attention to the culture of silk, and have made it i profitable. O :e farmer, Mr. Nathaniel Kidder, has manufactured sewing silk! ?hi. iv,four county have, lor a few years past, paid soine attention to the rnulherrv, but we have not vet h^ard r?f much silk being made bv them. We hope some of them will soon report progress for the encouragement of others. There reed he no j foar about a market for the coroons.? There is a prospect of a manufactory being established at Columbus, under the management of Mr. Fox, [the author of I the following J.e'ter,] that will reouirc all t that can he stnplieri for some time, and ! others will he built up as occasion may require. Should this not he the case, it can be profitably made into sewing silk, hv families, without any expensive machinerv. J Ml. Pleasant. (O.)Sopt. 20, 1841. * Dkar Sir : In vrtur last. of August , 19th, you requested me for your satisfae. i tion, as well as others in vour section of country, to give you my real unvarnished j sentiments on the silh business. With j the greatest [denture I comply with vour request. Still I am persuaded that all I j have written and published will never wholly remove the deep-rooted prejudice j Intent in the minds of thousands, originn- ; ting chiefly for the want of reflection and I observation ; and as there is nothing like J ocular demonstration. 1 have enclosed a j few patterns wove in our factory from the ! ...II. "OO L?/\n K11 f I I ffllK we drive i <1191:1.1 m;? ? H.HHI , * | want something that will prove more i effectual still. I wish you would bring j 500, or more, I had like to have siid tin- 1 believing Jews, to witness our establish- ! ment. I am confid nt thev would return home proselyted to the ?ilk faith. But, as you wish a more minute detail, I will commence from six years baek.? ? About that time I engaged with G. Rapp, ! Esq. of Economy, Pennsylvania ; and | there wove the first piece of silk velvet i ever manufactured in this country ; also, | with hat plush, &o. When I first visited j them thev only had one loom?now sev- j en. Three years back my eldest son j arrived here from London. Ho engaged j with Mr. Rapp and I came to Mount Pleasant. During his stay with them he, with the assistance of some of their in- , gen ions and patriotic Society, built a French riband loom, at a cost of 81,00'), with other looms for flowered silks.? They can now compete with France or England in point of excellency and ele- j gancc of fabric. Miss Rapp received a ! premium of up wads of $500 last yean from your State Legislature, for the silk raised that season. Now, sir, if the silk j i trade is a humbug, let us have more of, I it. When I came to Mount Pleasant under ! the patronage of J W Gill, Esq, in April, ! 1839, there was not the vestige of any thing appertaining to a silk factory. I| i felt discouraged, hut I and my youngest ; son went hard to work, and by January 1st, 1810, built six looms, with all the ne- I ccssarv tools for weaving, and brought out one hundred yards of velvet, hat I i plush, ladies* plush, and figured velvet, all from these trifling pieces of sticks j i called multicaulis cutting9. Now, sir, I j | feel very proud in being a member of the j 1 humbug and silk mania society. Since 1 then we have made safe but slow ad- t vanres, owing to the many difficulties we t had to encounter, in reeling, winding,! | twisting, tramming, and dying, in order to bring out our silk for weaving equal to I European splendor. These difficulties I are nil obviated, and we are now going i ahead. From April, 1839, to the above I date, we have manufactured two hundred i yards of silk velvet plain, forty.five yards I of figured velvet, one hundred and seventy | 1 Nat rn!iwh. nnp hundred vnrds ! I plain lustring, twenty yards of Ohio rord I for vesting, two hundred yards of flow, ered silk vesting, twelve dozen black silk 1 C* * handkerchiefs for cravats, seventeen < dozen bandanna handkerchiefs, making, i in the whole, about 2,110 yards in two ! years and a half, and ail from such a dis- ; cournging beginning. The whole of the < machinery, looms excepted, is propelled t by steam power; we employ about twen- - ty persons in the factory, and in feeding I time eight, including mv son and Mr. i Wm. Gill. J Watson, Esq., magistrate of this town has weighed off 704 pounds i of cocoons raised by them this season. I I believe few will beat this. Yet, sir, good i hut mistaken men will say, Ah! its all a i humbug, i Permit me. sir. to make a few remarks ! upon the futile objections of our oppo. 1 nenfs, which I will endeavor to do with J humility and plainness, as I challenge the Union to controvert successfully* what I 1 have or may advance. Let us revert to 1 the veer 1833, when John Fitch, Esq. of ! Mansfield, Connecticut, first started the 1 silk weaving business in that region of ] country. When I visited him ho had on 1 a si'k vest wove from silk of his own rai's- ' ing; he was a gentleman somewhat. ( above the mediocrity of intellect, being a f counsellor at law; and if you have had ' any b isi.uess with them v>u know, sir, ? thev are pretty smart g n tie men. Well ? he told me it wn-? his opinion that sooner j : or Inter the silk trade would he a staple I 1 i?.? ? #Ui?? nn/l lu< rem irk I I M*-KS III inn < i, ......... . is rnpidilv verifying. From Connecticut j1 it made its way to Massachusetts. There j } it hcirnn under the same discouragements , ' as in Connecticut; but iio.v witness the ! ' results of care and perseverance.' From ' Massachusetts it winged i!s way to New ? Jersey and New Yolk, where thev' are j ( now raising silk to an incredible amount. 1 1 ' 1 From there to Pennsylvania, where a!. ! j most every rountv is engaged in it more .] or less, and some to a great extent.? 1 Economy, Heaver county, is now the j 1 pride of the Union. Our -establishment J' is denominated bv other States, "The i 1 Star in the West." If so. Economy , ' r'nust he the Recent of Night. Again i ' it takes its flight to Oh o. and there dif- I 1 fuses its blessings from Cleveland to Cin- j ' cinnati; the n from .Mercer county crosses ; 1 the Slate again to Jefferson county, ! I leaving behind it traces, of cultivation, M industry, and reward. Children that | I heretofore were running idle about the 1 fields and streets, having their morals 1 corrupted, are now seen picking the ! ' leaves, feeding the worms, or reeling tlie j silk, with healthful and smiling couote- j ' nances, hymning forth the praises of their j ' Creator and Redeemer, while engaged 1 in their various departments; surely'' there cannot be any humbuggery in all ; this. 5 But does it stop here? No; in lefati- :; gabta in its exertions, and benevolent in its designs, with an eagle's pinion it takes , its way to Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, ; Tennessee, and Georgia ; there factories ' 1 are building; thousands of acres of our;' worn out cotton lands are now luxuriant- 1 ' lv clothe ! with the foliage of Italian and I 1 ?/ O mortis mu'tioaulis trees. The slave and free population are now recreating themselves upon the light, pleasant, and lucrative employment of silk raising. It affords employment for the child and the , invalid, the cultivator and the mechanic, >, the artisan and the tradesman, and is do- , stilled to he a source of wealth to this . countrv. Surely there can he no imposi- |, tion here. * * * * * ! Another difficulty seems to pervade the 11 minds of miny that are somewhat friend- ; ly to the silk cause. They say, what j shall we do with our silk? We cannot! weave it as France and England can. To this I answer, go to Economy ; come j to Mount Pleasant; then go to Northamp- j ton, Massachusetts ; Elizahethfown, New Jersey ; New York ; Nashville, Tonnessee; Providence, Rhode Island, and several other places, and then you will see the j objection removed ; for what can he done j | in one place con ho done in a thousand : | all that is wanting i< enterprise, patience, j and perseverance. There are a number of silk weavers from London now ir this country, and if not enough, many would be glad to come over were there a prospect of employment; but as I want to encourage domestic industry, I would say there is not a female that has wove a piece of muslin but could weave herself a silk dress with a little instruction. The loom, harness, and reed would not cost < more than 33 00, and would last fifty | years wiih a little harness once in two I years, which would cost about one do!- 1 lar. i The next obstacle thrown in our way is, fhat it will injure the cotton trade,?; This is for want of knowing better; they ire not aware that hat plush, ladies' tip. aet plush, lustres, chamberries. tabmets, Italian sarsnets, collar velvets, Dutch velvets, Genoa velvets, and many flowered < dlk.s. are filled with cotton; so that, i- i sfnad nf heinor nn inilirv. it will ten. .v, j< . r .... iromote it, nnd give a fresh impetus to it. I j knottier will sa v, look how your worms j ( lave died off". I grant it, and this season, | ( too, in many places, which has caused me to institute enquiry. One writer informs me that being absent two days ipon business, when he returned home lis worms were dying. Another that he I went to meeting, gone twelve hours, left lis worms without food and ventilation; < the next morning they sickened and died. I The third, owing to age and ill health, I was not ablo to attend to them, and they! i iicd. And a fourth, that his eggs were kept in a cold, damp receptacle; they 'latc hed out and died. A fifth, that be- , ng short of food,, he gave them oak and Jogwood lea res, nnd they died. A sixth, that, for the want of vigilance, the rats ind mice devoured thern all. A seventh, that he kept his cocoonery in a loft, the roof being out of repair, a dreadful gust with rain fefj and washed his worms from the shelves, and they died. A person has just called upon me from the Lakes, and says, owing to taking the worms out of the ice-house and putting them in again, .300,000 of f.hcm died. Thus you see the principal cause of the late failures is owing to carelessness, neglect, and inattention, and not from any law of Nature dooming its innocent victims to death. Upon the third or fourth moulting, like the human family, they are exposed to disease, but, like us, have their remedies. Mich has been said and writ- \ ten upon the disease called the muscorroine or jaundice, but by the application of irne. judiciously sprinkled, they may be Mired in six hours. I strongiv and con. icienfiously recommend Mr. E Morris's i 'Jontingfon frames for the use of feeding, is I am confident they are conducive to | he health of the worms, besides renderng every facility to those employed: j hey are highly appreciated by those that lave used them. Another question of , mportance is, how can we expect to raise dlk equal to France, China, or Italy? [f my word, honor, and knowledge are to >e taken, I say, without hesitation, we an. '-But what do you know more ibnut the silk business than we do?" Be- ' mi use I was horn iri it, and brought up in ' t in London, and, being engaged in the Misiness there for thirtv-five years in all ts various standings, branches, and bear- i ngs, I must have had an opportunity of < making some acquirements. For the | Mst fp.n venrs I was the purchaser of many , housand pounds of silk, from a Bengal dngle to n Piedmont, and in point of frn. , prance and brilliancy the American silk s superior to any I have seen from Prnnee, China, Italy, Valencia, or PiedTK?nt. I am aware the fragrancy of imjortod silk may be lost, in most insfnrces, ( rom being so long on the ocean and ex- . >o.-e I to the saline air, hut the brilliancy s a quality peculiar to America, when he worms arc fed on the Italian or multi- 1 an lis, i For the encouragement of the fair sex . Im ini a;ason 3.300 pounds of cocoons, the greaest amount ever raised in one establishment. Well done, Pennsylvania! from thk baltimore patriot. PENNSYLVANIA SILK. Mr. Editor: The Public seem to be j quite ignorant of the extent to which the / silk business is now carried on in this country, and therefore it mav not he in- j npnropnaie to throw a little light upon the : subject. I have this morning received a ; ?s\C *r.r. cilL r?r?r>r!,f iniic in n nnrtion 1 It |MMl W| liiw Ciu\ ... ( of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. I I ?:n sure it will afford you pleasure, if it do not excite your surprise. The report states as follows: Charles llerr raised and reeled 552 lbs. of cocoons. John Lummy and brother raised 534 pounds of cocoons, and reeled 60 pounds of silk, and are now purchasing cocoons and reeling daily. Charles Carson raised and reeled 524 1-2 pounds of coeoon3. j Dr. Bowman raised 188 lbs. of cocoons. John VVissler 44 364 1-2 44 41 **" " * r* r\ w 44 Mr. Miilenjren ion ** - . John Mitzlcr. " 79 M 44 PerkerdsKentzu 143 " " Mr. Demuth * 190 " *4 Two young la* lies at Litzei4 ,08 14 44 Numerous others raised smaller quanti- j ties, i;ay 2Q to 50 pounds each. The above-named quantities will, of course, yield two hundred and seventy pounds of reeled silk. If every county in the United States were to do the same, what would be the result in reference to aur monetary affairs ? Yours, GIDEON B. SMITH. Baltimore, Nov. 23, 1841. From the Farmers' Monthly Visiter. EUROPEAN FARMING. I think that the superiority to be ob. jerved in British and Flemish agriculture is to be aUrinuted to the nice adaptation - " rv . iL.i :i . it crms?tne peneci sysiern mai prevails in every department?the free outlay for manures to invigorate the soil?the pa. tience that never tires in the completion [>f a tr.sk once undertaken, and the indus. try that in no kind of wenther, at no sea. ton of the yeari f"ai 1 s to remember and perform its tasks and duties. England is remarkable for confining to certain districts, the productions which flourish best in those soils. Thus the light sands of Norfolk ore best adapted to turnips, barley and clover prevails. It was by this course that Mr. Coke (Earl of I Leicester,) reclaimed from perfect bar \ renncss his splendid estate at Holkhnm. Warwickshire is famous for heans as a first crop, wheat and timothy following. Not less perfect is the system: each one has his part and his duties assigned to him?he is there at nil times, and in all weathers, and he stipulates to be only there. And this system pervades all things on the farm. Upon a farm in Surry, where I spent six pleasant and agreeable months, I had opportunity to see the use and the profits of systematic farming. It was a hay farm, of less than two hundred acres? the rent paid, about $2000. The whole farm, except the garden was mowed.? After the hay was taken care of, the fields were all shut up until there was a good feed upon them. Then Mr. R. went to the nearest fair and purchased large beeves nearly fat. In these fresh, luxuriant pastures, where the grass grew nlmost fast enough to render not fabulous Sir Boyle Roche's story of the k.te thrown into an Irish meadow over night, hidden by the grass next morning, the beeves became in a very short time fit for Smithficld or Old Leaden.hall. After a few day's rest, the fair was resorted to for a second drove of cattle of smaller size, hut in good flesh, which soon shared the lot of all fat oxen, and became the roast beef of old England. The fields we^e no longer in a condition to make beef and therefore were to furnish the predicament 'nearly fat" to take the "first bite" in *ome unfed meadow. The fourth course was a herd of small Welsh cattle to be merely improved. Fifth and lastly carne sheep to he kept till the meadows began to start in the spring, when they were sold and the meadows shut up. To recruit this farm, the carts which took the hay to market returned laden with manures to he used as a top-dressing. When not bringing back provisions lor farm use I think 1 may say they always came back with manures. I had some years ago, in mv possession a book, which was borrowed by some friend or other, who liked it so well that he forgot to return it. This hook gave the best account of the English practice with respect to manures, of anv I have seen. It was ' * said in that book that five thousand tons of manure had been applied in one year on a single estate. I know that the quantities arc immense, and that the lands in that country are kept in a high state of fertility by the axiom impressed on the husbandman that food is as necessary to - * l - J- T>__ 1 tlte eclh, as to t/ie numan ooay. diu ih? not think that I have selected a pattern farm f0r the subject of the foregoing remnks. It was in all respects only a medium farm. There could not be the same opportunity for the more elaborate practices of husbandry that there is in largo Yorkshire farm-*. It is my opinion that some of the best managed (arms in Eng. land were on the estates of t e Duke of Buckingham at Sfowe, in Bucks. It is, however, the fashion in England, to patronize agriculture : heaven grant it may become so here. You can form no idea with what case an American can introduce himself to the English, if he is fond of farming. The gift of a few ears of Indian corn to the Horticultural Society, brought me tickets and invitations without number to their gardens and fetes at Chiswick. From the Gleaning of Husbandry. Burke 'Vuinty, (Ga.) Aug. 16, 1341. Friend Hulbrook:?Allow me through the columns of your valuable little Jourrial, to lay before your patrons and the public the result of a very new species, called the Cluster Cotton, which I must confess excels any thing yet seen of the staple of our country. Much has been said in favor of the Petit Gufpli, Tc.xa9 i I and Multibolled Cotton?and onc'i has i had its day, as every other hum buggery* ? but the Cluster Cotton is not to he sup. 1 I planted by any pros or cons. f | Description. The s a'k grows up with I brunches in a conical f rm?more sub- I s'antial and better i^b'e to sustain its ] fruits from fulling to the ground than even r the Petit Gulph* its leaves too are of some. f. what different shape and of a greener t color; its braqe.hes at the ground, are c rarely over two feet in length, graduating $ to the top from three or four inches. ? Production. This seems to be the s great desideratum with the genius and i the agricultural skill of our countrv, and O * it is eminently attained in the introdur. tion of the Cluster Cotton, which is 50 per cent ahove any other species of.C., N.T. ) 11 mo 2,1841. $ [MPROVBMRNT IN THR HRRBO OFCATTLB. From a communication in the Kentuc