i * ' J J '* ' ' VOLUME VI. CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1841. NUM*ER 48. ~~ * ?k> By IK .IKAC LEW. Tcrhs:?Published weekly at three dollars a year; with an addition, when not paid within ' thijfee month#, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at 'fire dollars in advance; and ten at twenty. Fo?r subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten 'dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers 'in arresrs. Advertisements not exceeding 16 lines inserted 'or one dollar the first time, aud fifty cents each 'ubsequent time. For insertions at intervals of jtwo weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar tif the intervals are longer. Payment due in '.advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, the _ -1 ? ? * ?III kn lnuoeto/1 an/1 fthllTtTftd til MrrniRiuirui wm ??* ? >- B-- ? . trdered out. O* The postage :nn?t be paid on lettersto the editor on the business of the office. (MMMMMIMWB????? RAPID GROWTII OF SWINE. Mr. Samuel Reed, of Abingdon, who appears to possess a large share of practical knowledge on various subjects, has given us an account of a most rapid growth in pigs, which, with the food and manner of coding, we think will be useful to our readers. To learn the host m jthod of managing j % any brand. o.<* business, it is necessary j to first lean, lie most successful result, and then learn ihe way and means of pro- j ducing that resmt. Mr. Reed put nine pigs, averaging 150 lbs each, live weight, into a pen about the first of Juno. The pigs were bought at Brighton, and were supposed to have been littered the summer and fall previouus. The were killed from September to the last of October, and weighed, dead, after being carried 20 miles. The average gain in these two hogs was tico and j a half pounds each per day* besides the ^ great difference from live to dead weight, j If we reckon by the general rule, that1 live weight is to dead, as 20 to 14, there | would be. besides the gain of 2 1-2 lbs. of I fmrlf tn w?ch hnf? uar dav. an additional I I "" " ? r (iiin of 4o lbs., as the dead weight of each hog at the beginning would have been but 1W) lbs. We think that few, if anv cases, can be named of so rapid a . growth in swine, in a lot taken together, and for so long a time, and as this may ! appear incredible to some of our reaoers, i we say that the above statement is enti- 1 tied to the utmost confidence, as it is I from the best authority. We douht not * that from the intelligence of Mr. Reed,'' that his success depended much ou his 1 excellent selection. The following is the mode of feeding: ' The pigs were all put into one pen, and ' at first, their principal food was Indian meal and scraps ; sugar beets, as soon as big enough, were given raw, and when large, they were boiled. When apples were big enough, nearly equal quantities ^ of apples potatoes and sugar beets were boiled together, with about one quarter part of scraps in measure. Making, in measure, nearly equal quantities of the four articles above. These articles were mixed with meal. The hogs run in a pasture by a pond, which gave them a good opportunity, for exercise and bathing. They were fed about eight o'clock in tiie morning and c o again at five in the evening. They had a sufficient quantity of food for some to remain in the troughs two or three hours from the time of feeding. Mr. R. considers this the host mode of feeding. It any of the hogs arc not inclined to eat j when the food is, put into the trough, they ?? #? nnt rJicfnr!w>i 1. hot ran no and eat at ?... ..... ...w........ 0 liny time for a new hours, then the troughs are empty, that they may not he j cloved hy having food constantly bv J o / . them. I Our readers will perceive that the food named was very cheap after the applies ! were big enough for this purpose. And it is evident that when particular attention is given to subject in order that swine may have the best of food and management, there ts a far greater profit than in feeding hoors so that they train but p I slowly or moderately. There is no J #ubt that a hog kept in ' such a manner as to gain only one half I pound per day, w aid con umo more t- an half as much food, perhaps n^arlv as I much, as a hog of tho sam? ?i7C that gained as above named. If this be the case, consider the vast difference in the profit on the food expended. In one case i there may be a loss, or the gain of the i hog may barely pay for the food, while j in the other, the clear profit may be 50 j percent; and probably in feeding on the > food named, the clear profit was 100 per j cent.? Yankee Fanner. From the National Intelligencer. PAPER NETS FOR CLEANING AND VENTILATING SILK WORMS. Messrs. Ga'es & Seaton : Believing the ibove named admirable labor-saving and ventilating apparatus to l>e the most valuable invention for that purpose that has been made since this nobta insect . . i 1 | M was nrsi' coinesutHicu) i miduiu wvm i k myself gijiUv of inexcusable neglect if I j I ? silk culturists. Befuse I describe the pa- i per nets the method of making them, and tne manner of using them, I will quote a passage from a letter of Dr. J. S. Bell, (Journal of the American Silk Society, Volume II. p.ge 290,) which will show the opinion entertained of their value by intelligent silk culturists in France. I am now using two hundred and fifty paper nets; and, after several weeks' close observation, I believe them to he worthy of all the praise that has been bestowed on them in France. Persons unacquainted with the habits of silk worms are incompetent judges of the value of fixtures designed for their accommodation ; hence thousands of dollars have been expended by inexperienced theorists in the United States for the purchase of fixtures, that have subsequently been thrown away. The capital expended in this way, since 1835, would furnish an ample bounty for the establish, ment of this valuable culture in three or four States of the Union. Speculators are still at work, and there is reason to fear that larger sums will yet be thrown away for unsuitable fixtures. "It is well known that a speedy and effectual method of clearing away the litter from the worms, during the feeding process, has long been a desideratum.? The network hurdles were recommended for this purpose; but their inefficiency is now, I believe, universally acknowledged. It appears, from the pages of the ?Propagatuer,'that the operation of cleaning of the worms is now performed, in all the principal French colonics, by means of what are termed paper nets, (papiers-filet3.) It appears that nets made of twine were first used; but they are now universally superseded by these paper nets, which are much cheaper, and are said to be better adapted to the purpose. I regret that I have not been able to find any description of these nets in the 'Propagateurall the communications take it for granted that the reader is already acquainted with their construction. As far as I can discover, however, from the different articles on the subject, I think (hey are made by punching a great number ofsmall holes in a sheet of strong pa. i per, with an instrument constructed for i the purpose. When this paper is laid i upon the worms to be cleaned, mulberry leaves having been previously sprinkled aver it, the worms ascend through the i holes as they are said to ascend through the meshes of the network hurdles, and the paper underneath containing the litter can of course be removed. The inventor of this apparatus is M. Eugene Robert. In a letter te the editor of the 'Propagateur* he remarks: *The use of the paper nets in the economy of Saint Tulle, and in a great number of large and small establishments in the neighborhood, has t>een attended with such entire success that 1 will hereafter confine myself to a simple presentation of the testimony of those culturists who have made use of them, in order to recommend the adoption of iry economical net.' He then cites, amone other testimony, that of a distin gqished culturist of Bre*t in the department of Drome, M. Fame de Laforet, who, afterstatiig that his success that year (1839) ad been greater than in any former season, adds: *1 owe this result to your paper nets, which I have used continually up to the time of mounting, to the number of 1,500, 2 feet wide and 4 feet long, corresponding with the size of my shelves* I have had a great many visiters who like myself have made use of thepapor nets this year. Pierced according to the pattern of yours, mv nets have worn very well; for I have had but 10 or 12 of them injured. I have no doubt that by another year the paper nets will be brought Into general use through, out the country.' " I will now furnish directions for making and using nets similar to mine, which 1 have found to accomplish well what is ascribed to the French nets. These nets are made hv providing a framework of light laths, 3 feet long and 2 feet wide, (this being the size most convenient,)?the two pieces of laths 3 feet ionii being united by three pieces 2 feet long, one at each end and one in the middle. The holes (five eights of an inch in diameter)are punched in sheets of strong brown pader, 3 feet long and 2 feet wide, to suit the frames on which they are pasted. The space between the holes may he about an inch. With an instrument called a wad-cutter, twenty ~' A? - ^ ? ? ? -. n f An/IA 1 snccis 01 paper muy "o puncucu Double sets nf these nets will cost but littie more than shelves of rough plank; and if the frames are well put together with wrought nails, they will last more than twenty years. This paper will require renewing in every period of six or seven years. After the silkworms have accomplished the third moulting, the nets may may he laid over the worms daily, if the culturist desires it, up to the time of mounting, and the worms will he kept as clean as the most careful could desire, and with comparatively little labor. The nets must not be laid over the worms when they are torpid; but, after j the third and fourth moultings, when nearly all the worms are roused, they may be laid over thern daily ; and when the leaves are scattered over the paper, they will speedily extricate themselves from the litter, ascend through the holes and commence eating. The nets may he used with or without shelves under them; if without shelves, they can be supported by parallel slips of timber, aoout 20 inches apart; if placed on shelves, they must be raised about two inches hy placing blocks of timber under ' each end. When these nets are used, disease cannot be produced by the accumutation of litter without gross negligence, yet no claim to infallibility is set up for them. Let silk culturists try tfiem. They will be found simple, (a child can apply and use them, economical, and very efficient. LAYTON Y. ATKINS. Stafford County, Va , Sept. 1941. FATTENING ANIMALS. There arc some rules which may be advantageously adopted in feeding animals, which however obvious they may l>e are too often passed over, or neglect ed. Some of these will be specified and 1st. The preparation of Food.?This should be so prepared that its nutritive properties may all be made available to the use of the animal, and not only so, but appropriated with the least possible expenditure of muscular energy. * The ox that is obliged to wander over an acre to get the food he should find on two or three square rods?the horse thai is or three hours eating the coarse fuou ne would swallow in fifteen minutes if the grain was ground, or the hay cut as it should be?the sheep that spends hours in making its way into a turnip, when if it was sliced it would eat in as many min. utes?the pig that eats raw potatoes, or whole corn, when cither cooked could be | eaten in one quarter now used, may indeed fatten, but much less rapidly than if their food was given in a proper manner. All food should be given to a fattening animal in such a state, that as little time and labor as passible, on the part of the animal, shall be required in eating. 2d. Thtfood vhould be in abundance. From the time the fattening process commences*, until the animal is slaughtered, he should never be without food.? Health and appetite are l>est promotod by change of iood rather than by limiting the quantity. The animal that is stuffed and starved by turns, may have streaked meat, but it will be made too slowly for the pleasure or profit of the good farmer. 3d. The Food should be given regularly.?This is one of the most essentail points in feeding animals. If given irregularly, the animal indeed consumes his food, but he soon acquires a restless disposition, is disturbed at every appearance of his feeder, and is never in that quiet state so necessary to the taking on of fat. It is surprising how readily any animal acquires habits of regularity in feeding, and how soon the influence* of this is felt in the improvement of hiscontVknn of Ihft roirnlnr hnnf. thfi UllUMI. *? l?\>I? Ui ft 11 Vy IV&UIUI ..WM. 7 pig has had his pudding, or the sheep its turnips, they compose themselves to rest, with the consciousness that their diges. tion's not to unseasonably disturbed, or their quiet broken by unwonted invi. tation to eat. 4th. Tits animal should not he need. Icssly intruded upon between the hours of feeding.?'All creatures fatten mmch foster in the dark than tn the light, a fact only to be accounted for by their greater quiet. Some of those creatures that are the most irritable and impatient of re. straint while feeding, such as turkeys and gfeese. are found to take on fat rapidly when confined in dark rooms, arid only fed at stated hours by hand. There is no surer proof that a pig is doing well, than to see him eat his meal quickly and then retire to his bed, to sleep or cogitate until rhe hour of feeding returns.? Animals while fattening should rever he alarmed, never rapidly driven, rever be fed at unseasonable hours, and above all things, never bo allowed to want for food. Cultivator. From the Camden Journal. WATEREE AGRICULTURAL SOCIKTV. A meeting of this Society was held at Swift Creek,on Tuesday, the 9th instant. The President being absent, William, Sanders, Esq. one of the YTice Presidents, took the Chair. The Recording Secre tary read (he proceedings of the former meeting.?Mr. James Cantey was proposed and unanimously elected a member. J/ajor J. ftl. DeSaussure, from the Committee appointed to prepare an essay or men.oir to he submitted at this meeting, made a report, which, after being rend, was approved and accepted with instruc tions that the same be sent up to the State Agricultural Society. The Committee on Cotton asked farther time to make their report upon the probable amount that will be made on the VVateree, which was granted. s Several Committees were then appoin- i ted to make all necessary arrangements 4 fro celebrating the anniversary of the So- s ciety, and to make suitable preparations 1 tor the exhibition of the stock on the first 1 Thursday in November next. I The President, in pursuance of a rule ? commenced calling upon the members to i give their views and opinions upon the < r ? i_ -c ; i -i ? ?*i- ' DfiSi moue 01 rinsing ana auenaing came j i and hogs, and the cultivation of lucerne. ' Col. W. J. Taylor stated that his hogs were of the Cobbett breed ; that he has I for several years past, paid great attention I to them, and finds by proper treatment < and management, can make them a first i rate hog.?-Pushes them when voung. i He thinks a cross would be advantageous i ?and whilst the country is not yet well | supplied with the best foreign improved .< breed, neighbors should exchange with j each other to obtnin that object. < Mr. Jacob Little, a gentleman of long experience, observed that he was satisfied that crossing the breed was necessarv and advantageous, inasmuch as he thought the 9ame old stock would degenerate; was harder to keep up; took much more food, were lazy and sluggish and became un. prolific. Oat fields were indispensably necessary to the raising of hogs successfully and economically. The stock hogs and those intended for slaughter should be turned upon them?it makes them in. dustrious and thrifty. If practicable, the larger should be separated from the smaller. An intelligent and trusty servant should have the management, and his whole time devoted to their care. Mr. Little further stated that the hogs he intends to slaughter in the winter are turned into the cornfield the latter part of Ailgust, 01 first of September* and that it is all a mistaken notion, that the destruction of the corn will bo much felt?that the hogs would first take the corn lying otl the ground, v/hich would rot before it is usually gathered for your barns. The peas and pumpkins they have, also the be i *k? nefit of eating tne young pea imiire at mc same time. Mr. Little kills from twenty to twenty five thousand pounds of pork a year, and there has been bought but one thousand pounds of bacon for the place he i9 living on, for the last nineteen years: he pickles 10 or 12 beeves through the winter, whica, with the pork that is cured, makes a plentiful sjpply for the negroes. Capt . B. Boy kin observed that he agreed with both the members upon the importance of a good cross, and that his plan did not deviate much from Mr. Little's ?that he also turned his hogs into oat fields in July, and in the fall upon the corn fields ; that he has paid considerable attention to the raising of hogs ; that they have improved in appearance and number. Mr. J. Arthur coincided, and wa9 prepared to say that great benefit would result from a rigorous prosecution of a systematic operation of raising stock of all kinds. Other members were called on, who gave pretty much tho same statements. Maj. A. H. Boykinwas then requested * " ' f x! fnnnh. to give inrormntion iu mc iuuv>.ing the French Clover or Lucerne. He stnted that it was an early grass; put forth much earlier in the spring, than other grasses that are indigenous to the climate or soil, has an acre of it planted ; can be cut ten or twelve tines a year. The time for cutting is when it begins to bloom ; is fine for horses cattle and hogs; should be planted on a sandy soil, in rows 15 to 18 inches apart. August the proper time, as it would require less trouble to get it ahead ; but the soring would answer: was tender, and like the turnip patch nice treatment was necessary to get in r good growing way : when it has got possession, | roots out other grasses ; is somewhat ex1 haustingto lard, therefore to he occasionally manured. It is a perennial, and need not he planted or renewed for ten or I twelve years, standi drought remarkably j well, as its roots per etrate nine or more j feet. From his own experience and ob| servalion, thinks it superior to the common j Clover. Timothy or Herds Grass, either i for hay or soiling, the yield being very j great; as much as thirty tons have hoen I Ll ? - .i.innn nnti.ncro ihrnnirll I I on mil ii.'ti 11 in 11 i iic > iiu'us viiiun^.i tiMwupx I the year, anc! is satisfied that the genera! (introduction of its culture by planters and ! farmers would tend much to the economy ! of raising stock. Col. W. J. Taylor thought that the | Society should meet oftener, and on mo. tion, made by him, an extra meeting will be held on the first Thursday in October. Capt. B. Boykin then moved an adjournment, which was carried. J. Boykin, Sec'ry. IMPORTED BKRKSHIRKS. By a letter received a few days since from Mr. A. B. Allen, now in England. I learn that he has made two shipments of select Berkshire swine to New York, where they will probably arrive before your September paper goes to press, fie has travelled all over the great pork countries of England, nnd finds the Berkshi?rs to excel every thing of the swine family in that country. But those of extraordinary size and perfection of form are scarce and high. A number of such, however, he has found, and regardless of expense, has secured them for exportation to America. He has a boar, "Windsor CasJ tie,'' bred near that place, whir h will weigh in good flesh 800 lbs., now 2 years old. Another," Hagbourn," 14 months I old, will weigh 500 lbs. The last, he says, t * ' /J s the same figure as his famous sow, | sit * Raven Hair : and although he does not I I 9 O lay 44 these are the finest swine in all wi England," yet they are the finest that he ce las seen. He was going down to Sussex :o find the largest hogs in the kingdom, co ind if their apparent qualities warranted, eh vould probable select a few to gratify the th :orrnorant propensities of some of our wes. w! Sern gentlemen, which notning.but inor- .be dilate size can gratify. '$> The most extensive and scientific swine w breeder he had yet found, was the Rt. it Hon. Shaw Lefeyre, speaker of the House if Commons, who has an extensive estate^ it in Berkshire; and noble dukes, earls, and fu right honorables. go into active competi. oj tion with the humblest citizens oftheemV b< Dire, in the improvement of their farming' lii eriments are about to ie made I by Mr. Webb.?Delaware Journal. " ?r < From the New York Farmer t Superior Composition fou Trees r Extract of a letter from Hon. J. K. i Guernsey, of Pitsford, to Wm. Prince p and Sons. i I avail myself of this opportunity to t send von the following statement, respoc- a finer flip rnrnoositiou for trees. t l,"h r Manv inoculated trees arc greatly in- c jured, and finally lost, 10 consequence of j the length necessary to heal oyer the s stock, where it is cut off, when no means r are used to secure it from exposure to the t air and wet. ' j The wood dies down?to some distance. I and although, after a timo, bark and new .? would may grow over, it finally rots, and t destroys the tree. The rnaie is true of ( largo limbs cut off, and of t!oe bark knock- t ed off by accidont. , To prevent this, the j following cheap and ensyfiippjied compo- i ion is fhe best remedy I hive found.?* lave rs?d it for more than twenty,years* th almost uniform and} perfect guess. EECtPn.?One part, say one quart, mraon tar. Two parts, gay twoqurate alk, finely pulverized, and sifted. Put e tar into an iron kettle; heat it, and hilst hot stir in the chalk- Care should i taken not to boil it too much, either hen first made o;- when using it, as that ill make it too hard aod brittle. Sbootf hv accident become so, add tar, till ifficiently soft. Whet to be used, heat pver either en earthen or iron portable irnace, or fire made on the ground on p near the place where wanted, so as W :)il, or to be sufficiently soft, which a, ithr experience will show, and apply it ith a small iron or wooden spatuly, coV** ? ring the wood entirety witn a ium w?? rid leaving no place for the water to get nder the composition. It will remain n for years, but may be takfp off when* ver the bark shall have grown over the ood. It will be found upon eximi nation iat there is no dead wood under it. Any ne who delights in seeing fine healthy ees, after having once fairly tried the xperiment, will never abandon Its use. t is particularly valuable for covering the :urnps when old trees are headed down* 'his composition was invented, and ait ccount of it published, by some gentler inn either of England or of Scotland, I link Sir Authur St. Clair, soon after oi-syth first published the account of his (imposition for healing wounds in fruit -ees, which is very troublesome to make, nd still more so to use* It is, probably, ' nown to many horticulturist* but ought i be known to all who cultivate fruit rees; and if you think the publication of hese remarks will be useful, they aft at our service. . TRIAL OF FATTgTfllfa QUALTCTTR8 Of r'ODCRN AND BERKSHfRKS WHEN FRO 0W THE SAME ALLOWANCE " There was put under my care on thd 4th August, by Dr. Martin and lames \ Taylor, two Woburn* and one Berk* hire sows, for the purpose of being fedf nd I leceived directions to give each one ive pounds of corn a day, and to increase hequantity until I should find what quantify the malleat eater of the three would conerne. On that evening, I gave to each one of hem two and a half pounds of corn, and he next day five pounds each, and on he 15th, nearly six pounds each; one of he Woburns (Patience) failed to eat all of ler allowance, and the next day was very " * * - * 'f imo. (I suppose slightly foundered) na heir food was again reduced to five ounds each per day, until the 20th /hen Patience having recovered, it was radually increased soas to give each one ifty.two pounds of corn in the ten days, /hen they were weighed, and the follow* ng is the result dr. Taylor's Black Berkshire sow Belinda, gained 21 Ihs. Dr. Martin s Wohurn Patience, gained 21 Dr. Martin's Woburn Courted* ay, gained .10 14 Clark, County, Ky., Ant*. 21, 1841. Jakss Weathkrs, Jr. * Mr. Duncan, who first accepted the prtpoaal, /as aick at the time, and his sow bad met with oino accident, so she was not fed. A single experiment like the above is lot conclusive. Two pigs of the same >reed, and was of the same litter may lifTer in their propensities to grow or to atten. Besides, the age and weights of he pigs at the time of commencing the experiment ought to have been stated.] NEW YORK AND ERIK RAILROAD. We learn from the New York Commaf* rial Advertiser that there are at this timet ibout three thousand men at work oo ther ine of the New York and Erie Railroad. The disbursements of the Company fot ubor are now between twoanfd three htm-' Ired thousand dollarsper month. From the National fntefligeneer. OFFICIAL. TO TJfE IION, ft. R. tfOTtRTK, ACTING POSTMASTER 0KXKUAh. Sir: Information having beou received n a form entitled to attention that the i Postmasters at ronnsyivani.t, an i ******t Ohio, have so far violated the obli. jations which they implicitly assumed.off aking office under my administration, of' ibstaining from any active partisanship, or n any way connecting their-offices with >arty politics, or using thep for parly pur>osns, I have to request that i/ujniriesshalf >e instantly instituted into theif' copducr; tnd if the charges against them are found o be true, they be immediately turned out >f office, and citizens appointed rt|fthrir daces who wilt otherwise conduct them* Vl - telves. The Post office Department, hi til its operations, should be conducted (of he single purpose of accomplishing tho mportant objects for which it was estabished. It s?ou Id in an. especial manner, >o far as is practicable, be disconnected rorn party politics. It was established or qpecitind purposes of equal importance o every citizen. To convert it to an en* ;ine of party, to be used tor party purposes, s to make it the fruitful source of tho i