F A It M ESS5 GAZETTE
r ,.?'
.1 .V I) C II ERA WADYERTIZER. 4
VOLUME V. C1IERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA. FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 22, 1839. NUMBER 2. ^
EDITOR AND PXOPRIETOR.
?
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??? !!_L?A 1 JL 'J 'J !
KNOWLEDGE IK AGRICULTURE?AORICUL j
TURAL PAPERS.
The following is part of an article on tbs j
subject in the New England Farmer.
What are the causes which have coob
ned to prevent agricul urefrom advanrig
with the otlier arts and sciences? Tin
are to he found in the prejudice of farntra 1
for. ancient customs; in their (seemig) j
unbeliefjn the progress of inmd and core- 1
quent aversion to improvements; in thr 1
hostility to what they term 'book Fur/niy1
which may be -defined the practising of sto. '
c.itific trusts and tho recommend.it otuof '
tho intelligent, promulgated through t .e '
i press. These are .the principal casts '
which have.op-rated to retard the proress | *
of improvement in the rum! art. Ttnks '
to agricultural newspapers, they d not
now exist to%tho extent th'-y did a "fewars 1
since, but their prevalence is still? xf.s vc i
?by fir too much so for our na ion jinJcpaiidcndence,*
for the pecuniary i:it-'i>t of
tie husbandman and every urcrcsoi tho '
community. How shall i bo |. encd ?
B By the dissemination of knoielcdgnj the
yeomanry.? K?owi?:d?je is power'-itcoi;
firs ili*; power which the farm?T c !s,?
B the power of inakng evry iuc-Jo; land
|B productive and to produce to th \te^)f 1
B capabi'iry,?t ie po-.v? r ol utfconnn"
B ty art the obstruct ons of imt:*. Tne M
ME knowledge which will give thijJowor, is ;
most easily found and convoyed' agricul^
tural papers. Th-'se are witliirthe reach i
cf every cultivutor, and should* pvroniied
by all?as u?ii bv tho ch? tU<
m * uraient"; for their tendency knot to nuke the
rich richer at the exp ir of tie; poor, 1
but to rn::ke trie poor happier "> incr nsn
of their crops, an i show t?*'? how to he- 1
k ' come independent of the Tucro is 1
not a whit of economy in *,-*fu*,?ig 'o : e J
come a subscriber to one r th? s<* publications.
Ho-wrtio has but u* ;,cre might b?- 4
learned through tiis incur how m cult vale 1
that ?o as io-trebl<- his usal products, alike
with hi;n of his iiundr* d rres : at any rate,
either could not be bend "ed by a ynr'a '
reading of :i pa er, to i?>r? than treble the ?
amount of ihn Ktilmi-rmon nrice. T.ii> .s '
p proved in .he case oUo** *bo are m >- | P
scribcrs. It is a f?ct wrih noting. that you j '
I seldom (I might, prob'tly,s <y never,) meet !
with a subscriber to anrgricuhurul paper ;
who does 110! set a bighvaJue upon it, or I
who is in the least d ssaisied wt-li paying j?
a dollar or two a year for porusul. Such '
^ an investment of money ian their opinion
the best they could possily make, as none
other to them yields so g at an interest. I
wa- told by a farmer?a jtbscriber to Ju-ige
Bud's Cultivator-?iliata plan which he
found in that paper for teaming apples, po?
tatoes, &c, for his swig, had boon of a I.
vast deal more consOqiencc to him than a j1
dozen years' subscripion money. Such '
instances are common,?in fact it is absolutely
impossible, in oir view, that some
uselul information or vrluablu?lhul shoul I !(
not be acquired in the course of a year's j1
reading, which will not repay many fold ihe j'
nfi^h nJti.l fo r nm\o rm/ rc norut t/i ! I
r* |'4"^ ?v/? in- |iu|/v * i uiur <iv\ vi iw j
be made aware of tin so facts ntid to bo J *
shown through theconvincirg means of ex- j'
periment, how fa/sely founded is ;h? ir no-1'
lion of economy ia refusing to take a paper i
devote J exclusively to their interests.
These vehicles of knowledge ure pro- j
Ouctive of good iti another respec t ;?they ,
take with the )'our.g?with those whose 1
minds uru not yet warped by prejudice nor J
fully imbued with false notions,?with whom j
any thing novel and plaus bio in theory,,
begets a passion for exjxiriment. 1 will
state an instance the better to illustrate my
meaning. A farmer of my acquaintance
in New-Hampshire, was bitterly prejudiced
agamst ail other modes of farming th in that :
practis'd by his ancestors from the earliest !
generation, and transnii.ted unimpaired
( and unimproved) to him. Ho was loud
?ri his abuse and ridicule of'hook farming,'
about which ho talked as learnedly as lie
could of other matters whose discussion
Tin lers something more than a /,\ owlcdge i
th*' a'/fliabct and hco ideas necessary? |
declaring, iii ins wis loni, it was ni:t,n- j
fled for the wealthy and college tarrit? an I j
that 'he was'nt foul enough yet to plr.nl Ins j
land Willi mulberry trees ! and buy corn ><? !
live on.* ike. This man had a son?a lad j
of fljrr.e nineteen years?who was inuHi j
mchnod to reading, and who had of en mi- j
deavored to induce his father to subscribe .
for an agricultural paper, but withonl ( Hl-ct.
I riu-arj to be understood that thofice-larn of a j
country Agriculturally great, is mere secure than :
tin? '? a eointry gw -o^hua r- iai j
9-UFC *
Th?; lather h;i<i tho misforiune to be s'ric.kei
witti a dangerous sickness, and t'?o man
agemcnt of the farm devolved upon the son
who had obtained the parent's consent u
conduct ii as he pleased, with the provisioi
that he should plant no mulberry trees. A.
a preliminary s ep to the reform tion con
templated, the son subscribed for an agricul
tura! paper and followed 'book farming' t(
the extent of his means ; the s vamp wm
resorted :o for ma'crials for compost, ( u
idea which never entered the head of the
father,) lime was purchased for manure
tho swine were increased to increase thmeans
of fertilising the sod ; root cultur<
was adopted?alternating crops?manur ns
by turning in green crops?(for which las
net, in particular, he incurred the rensun
o his neighbors, who wer? unanimous ir
pronouncing him a 'fool,' *noiiony,' *crack<
Gained boy,' &c.)?and such other im
pavements made as ho found suggested it
his paper.
I *o bcnefici t| change which had ben
_ i _ r.l: .1 _ r.
"mu?'u in i e oruer ui inmgson me mrni
was so palpable and manifest as to exciu
the wosJor of the father at his son's unev
peeled success, and ho could not help ark.
now lodging that his prejudices against lbool<
larniing' and agricultural papers were illfounded
and supremely foolish. This farm
under the father's exhausting culture com
paratively a dissert, and yildmg but a pool
return for toil, has by the scientific and ?>kil?
lul mamgement of the sot), been made ti:
!eein with p'enty and well reward for the
?went of .he cult i valor's brow. I have heard
his farmer declare that his yearly profit*
JM not exceed 810U, and grumble at I:i6
h-ird lot.' Uudt r ms nun's adm nisi rat on
jf aflYns treble tins amount is unnually
cleared.'
rl?is case is no fiction?and if it were, if
would be a faiihful represejitabon of many
jnwrihen instances ot like n stilts.
If agriettl ura! papers, then, are produc.
i vo of so much good?if tii<-ir tendency is to
tn tkc tw o spin s of grass grow whore but
>n grew before,' no m ans should he
spar d to extend their circulation : I t the
m mer w ho is a subscriber induce his neigh
bor who is not, to tecorne one also;?let
gncuhural societies lend all possible aid n.
flic cause. I can cotrvive of aim her
-ne bod for advancing my object .win
r> village t'.e^e are generally two per.
sons upon whom tte ci::z ns bestow exirandmary
respect, ?r a sort of voluniarv
reverence, on account of their (supposed)
superior intell pence?1 mean tne min ster
?rwl '!>?* phyoeiuo. S?ppnco thoco imp. rt
tli! i i-r<Mli:i"i I i-li.rrtci. fli.- n ii :i--l'
I r " " 1 11
t'-ey are capa !e cti. to fa* es.d of improving
he ngricul tire oi towns, by inducing
fvir fellow c;iia ns who lot low ttv plough.
o read?to .mprove mi d 'n order o im
trove the so.!,?could not the iir?*r?i yorn .:.r
?the hard.handed, honest-lieur id ye
jiojioy?h- Im.hcned b) such a praiseworthy
movrmini ?
It <s, chi< H\, '? the influence of such parrs
as tite N w ijii^land Fritter, the A
to.) C'll iiuior, fftr (jeiniese- F.irioer, .on.'
> hers u! a like character, 'It ?t our improve
71"M' rur-d economy are o bo aseril) d ;
?that influence needs enrourajp-rneut fr?jin
Sta es us well as inJ vidu tls,?it needs to
!>e more w.d< !y difFlocJ for, in proportion
is it is extendi d, in n-nrly that same pro;iortion
will tic profession of tigrioul'ure he
\. It? d in the pubhc (Miration, its operaie;:s
facilitated, and its products increased.
J. U. D.
Boston, October, 1S39.
From tho American Farmer.
SWINE.
As much attention is now lying paid to
inproving the breed of Swine, the expeii rye
of men of e.s'ablished reputation in ill
jjsiness, will be received with attention ;
md in order that our read' rs maybe advis' d
>f the modes pursued by such, in the rearng
of the valuable animal, we w ill from lime
ires'-nt them with the advice and practice
iursu< <1 by breeders in diirerent parts of the
:o?jntry. In anoti.er page will l?e found a
,?aper on the subject from Mr. E. Piihiney,
:>! whom and of his farm, the editor of the
New England Fanner, in a notice of the
farms visited in a recent tour, thus speaks :
44 Every part of his farm shows, that by
science, industry and skill, it hus been rendered
worthy of being ranked among the
first of well cultivated furms in N w England,
and its proprietor worthy of all praise
for the laudable example he has set for ha
agricultural brethren."
The editor of the Tennesce Farmer, ii
urging upon the farmers of the west to im.
prove their breeds, makes some judicioui
remarks showing the advantages thereof
and vorv justly observes, that the poss"ssioi
nf a ornn.l s'nflt of swinn. animrnllu i!???<
ho additional advantages of better atteutioi
and k"op than the scrub animal is apt to re
ceive. 'J'he farmer takes n pride and plea
sure in his care of a good pig, winch it i
not extraordinary should be altogether wan
ting in the r? aring of an inferior one.
fie also alludes to a fact which it i
strange sl.oulo he in existence, yet nevcrihe
I 'ss is too frue. thai
? The sou hern sections of tho countr
pay out imui'-nse sums of money, andsuli
jeci themselves to much inconvenience, nn<
portions of their population sometimes pvei
*o the pro p1 ct of starvation, by n total r
jeciion ofthe maxim, " that no farmer shoul
,?urchnse what he can raise himself; a greji
part, at Uas', of which expenditure and in
convenience might be advantageously nr
rested by the culture of grain and the rcai
ing of domestic animals."
11 T'ris should not co t:nuc :o b-* lie ca-e
and we 'rust that the sniri now abroad ii
,! some of those states, for the mprnvem<*u
i1 of their agricultural resources, will hnv
i th:s branch in view, a* t icr<- can be uogoo<
s reason wh\ they should be tr bu'ary to otiie
sections for tlit'ii supplies o' those neeossar
ies of bfe ; an 1 it is ??r;t;? yinir to learn 1 a
j To .n ssei- has iuken her stand in cmaueip.i
s : ting her-t If from tli sd'-pe:. cn<*e. Such ha
l ' ber n tli ? r ige fdr co o i plan'ing in
j south and south west, tl a o.ost otiu-r ur tele
; of culture h vo h *en n .! ctej, many c
I which need not in ftc to inf rfero with thei
j J greu- staph*. T >o system now irlot ted u
I j the Middle and Casern S itcs. ot o*ep;?r n<
t root cro,?s for farm -f ck. > : ?u' nn-r
i generally followed in the Sou hem ; and vm
l learn from t ie tib?>v pap i, :l t in Mi dl
- and Wes T**nnese?, gr ;iu and grass, th
high-blooded horse, through.hr**d neat cat
i tie, and the improved fog, are multiplyin}
. with n most gratifying rapidity.
)l ' We are convinced, (says i!i" f (1 or,
, | that this s the system best adapt* to ou
.* | state, and we therefore rejoice that it m it
. I course of adoption throughout its length anc
. breadth."
From the N. K. Farmer.
I
, j E PIIINNEY, ON SWINE.
fn compliance with your request I cheer
. fully devote a few moments Jo giving yoi
, an account of my Piggerv. I have ofter
, s ated and now repeat, th:vt the manure
?i from my hog pens will pay for ali the foo'
I! which I purchase ror them the res-due o
j j their fee i. hy f ir the greater part, being th<
j ppiluce ofmy own farm,
i My breeds are p< ineiprdly of the H??rU<
shire full ' loo I, and a cross of tins bp"*
with the Ma key breed. T.?is cross I haw
found decid-ly preferable to tiie lull blood:
of either. I have an imported sow of th<
" E>se\ half blacks," being a descendant o
the Berkshire, and highly spoken of by Eng
, lisn breed- rs, The Mar key p gs were mi
| por ed <a'o this country from England snmt
, j fifteen or twenty years ago, by Capt. Mack
ey. of Boston, and till wiihin a few years
were ilt cid Iv t ie best s ock in New Eng.
I land, and perhaps in A neri?*s. When firs
m ported, C >pr. Mack y, on his farm ai
! Weston. not unfroquentlv brought them iif
j 701) lbs. at t i." age of 18 months. I*
I all the essential pci .,s. such ns maturing
' (,arly, lightness ofofln', greater weight ir
th ; more profitable par's, t 'inrK ss of skin
&e., tiiey greatly exceed* *d tne Brrkshir
breed, hut by breeding in and in, as it i?
termed, they had greatly degenerated. hnc
become w *ek and feeble in con titution.smal
in size, ill sh ip d, ami in some instancetf
t>rnied. VVi h t a* i xpfpt'on of tie* hu
man species, no animal deg?*n?*ra es >o rapidly
bv i .is prictice ofhre*d ng in and in
is I'm hog. Judicious crossing ist'ie onl,
wiv by winch a gou! breed of saint can b
kept up and preserv. d. Jy pr<?i??r .men
in n i i t!ii.*? prin-'i; * r,'J goo.1 and <alu ihle
j qu diti' s ??t a nn ed .my :>*..* preserved and
he bad rejected ;?without i; the b? st
njeeds w I soon heroine v.oith|e>s. Woh
j a view o: r-s'orng soni" ol hego d propi
erties of the M e key, I tried . ross ng them
I with various breeds, and wi I. none have
I succeeded so well as with tic Berkshire.
The produce of this cross pos< sses all th"
good and valuable points of the Mackey
united to the licalt'i, vigor and sze, without
any of the coarsen* ssnf the Berkshire,
i T ?e b?st pigs, however, that 1 have ever
s' cn, were produced hy putting h full blood
B rksh re boar to a sovv winch was a cross
j (ii the M ickey with the 44 Moco.'1 a New
York bre?-d, th? progeny being half Berkshire,
n quarter Mackcy, and a quarter Moco.
My stock of fattening swine usually consists
of about one hundred, besides about
fifty stores. My t ine for slaughtering is in
February and March, when half my pigs
am tit the ugu of 15 and 10 months, be.ng
the fall and winter litters of lie previous
year, the other half being the pigs of the
spring next previous to killing, and arc at
the age of 9 and 10 months. The former
o #
in years past have weighed from 350 to
-100 lbs., atrd in some instances as high as
500 lbs. The latter from 250 to 350.
An inquiry is often made as to the best
j time of killing, or what age it is most profi.
1 j table to slaughter tii-'m. On a largo firm
i where much green herbage is produced and
' where the value of the manure is taken ink
i j accoun', I consider the pigs killed at the i.gt
' of 15 & 10 mon lis as giving in general mosi
i'profit. When it is inMidcd '.ok.II them it
i ' vlnsage they ma) be kept on more oidui.ary
! atid cheaper fool for the 10 or 12 month*
) I or till within 4 or 5 months of the tunc ol
? ?i >i..
. killni". The manure tney mane aou im
? extra weight of pork more than pay llioex
penso inc urred m ke eping them the longei
j time; bu. the spring pigs whirl) are to lie
? killed liit: ensuing winter and sprmg, urns'
) bo kept upon die Inst of food from the timr
! tltey are taken from the sow until they art
- slaughtered.
s The old't class of pgs for the first 10 01
12 months, are kep prncipdly upon hreiv.
I era's grains, with a small qu entity of In dial
s : or barley ineul or rice, rula hug sugar beef
j ,an J in tli'! s' -as >n of clover, peas, oats
J corn-stalks, weds, dec., thev are cut greet
v ! ?'md thrown into tne pens ; t..? next four o
i | live months before killing 'hey have a:
I j much Indian meal. Iiarlcv m"al o: rice, wirl
I) j an cqu <| quantity of potatoes. . [?,>! s o
i pumpkins as they will cat, the whole bemj
d j well cooked and sain d, suid give n then
if ab out blood warm. Dur'ng the season u
i- j fattening, an i'^^aociI' hard corn is ever
- J day given to cacn pig. This sm til quint t
they will digest well, and of cour>e there i
: no waste. .Shelled corn soaked in wan
i
? made ns salt as the wafer of the ocoean,
n j 43 tours with a quart of* woo I nslvs <i?!<
t; 'o each buHiel and given to them occasii
i' i ally in small quantities, gn-atlv promo
d 1 their eai li and growth. Th-ir h'-al'ti i
r apjieMe is ??ls . f ready promoted hy 'hrr
iiig a handful of charcoal onrr or t.vi f.
I w -ek in each of their pens. T u ir pru
pal food should, linwev-r, be cooked
s ' t oroujjtiK an I as t;iot ly as if intended
B I i ?!?!e u*e. From long j ra 't'ce and repe
s ! ed e\|H-ri'n'ii s, I a at convinced tha t
f! dollars * or h of nateiial well cooked v
r I in ik>* as much pork as t >ree doll r? wo
ii ; of tVserp man rial given in ? raw s?:j
i? j I* j* when fir-t taken from tic* sow s'uo
! h treated ivrh ^rei care to pr veut seo
e ' ing and t'r. m b coining s.inteJ wlieu eel
> of these happen, it wdl requitp many dr
and siiuietim s ^e< ks o pit them again n
,, j a helathy, growhig coii-Ji ion Whiofi
; d piived of the material food, a I. *le n
or skim nnlk, boil'J at d sli lit ly sj!
) and given to them oiten and in small qa n
r ties, will prrtvt n; scouring and gr?a;iy p
l m< te tin ir growth. If intended for kill;
1 at the age of 9 or 19 months, they shot
he full fed ;l| ihe time and kpn! as fat
j possible. If on the other hand they are
; tended for killing .it the age of 15 or
j months, they should no' be full fed, nor
made v< ry f?: for the firs 9 or 10 montl
J To satisfy my-elf of the bem-fi* of t.
i course I took six of mv best pigs eij
I weekn o'd, nil o'the same litter, and si
1 j them m two pens, throe in each. Turee
f j these J fed v.-rv h gh and kept them as fit
' j the ,i.ne ns tlu y could be ntude, Theotl
| luce were ted sparingly upon coarse for
i hut kt^j i.i a healthy, growing condition,
I j within tour o* fi^e mon hs of the time
' killing when h,,y w? r?? fed as high as I
?: others. They were all slaughtered at i
' same time being then 16 months old,
I j the age of 9 months the lull I d p-gs wt
- I much 'lie heaviest, but at the same time
killing, the pigs fed sparingly for the fi
10 or 12 months weighed, u,?on
average, fifty pounds each more th
the others.?Besides this additional wci^
of pork, the three ' lean kine" ndd
t much nir.re than the others to my ir
t j nure h? an. These results would seem vt
lobvoustu nnv ne who bis no:iced t
| htbi's of the animal. In consequence
II short feeding they were much mure ac i
i , and industrious in the manufacture ofcoi
, post, and this activity at the same time cti
! sed the muscles to enlarge and the frar
i to spread, while the very fat pigs becar
I innreivo, and like indolent bipeds lle'y m
I titer worked for their own benefit nor for tl
i ; of others.
For lie purpose of increasing my manu
l?''.ip, mv pen - are kept constantly suppli
i wit i peat or swamp iiiud, abou; three hu
il^?.a I .? L ..r ...I.. MKiinunllv thrown ir
' I* J 11 ' d i S ? ' I wnn.ii -----
inv "' vs. This, with the manure from ri
horse s'aule, which is daily thrown in. a
'he weeds and conrse herbage, which a
ga'lv red from he firm give, nu about 51
curt loads of manure in a year.
On regular sjstematic feeding and cle
and dry bedding, the success of raising a
fattening swiue very much depends,
faithful fe' der, also, who has some
and tas'c, wi hu! a lit:le pride of vocation,
indispensable. Homer informs us tf
in mh of the success of Ulysses in reari
us fat 'ogs. was to be attributed to h sfuil
ful Umeus, whom the old soldier st) led go
like swincleoder.
E. Piiinnev.
SOILING CATTLE.
Soiling is the feeding of cattle either
o o
the bam or yard, through the summer, wi
j new mown grass or roots.
The following tiresome of theadvantag
i of soiling cattle over dispasturing them :
i " 1 A spot of ground which, when pu
' luri d upon, will abundantly mairftain ft
1 j hea<J of cattle in one stable, if the vegel
1 j bles be mowed in proper time, and given
: the cuttle in ptoper order.
"2. The stall feeding yields at least thr
1 | times thequan i y of manure from the sar
i number of cattle ; for the best and mr
efficacious manure is produced in the stab
t and earned to the fields at the most prop
o^riod of its fermentation ; whereas, wh
i spread upon meadows or ploughed ficli
I j as it is too common, and xhaus'ud by t
' ] air and sun, its power is entirely wasted.
!j 4,3. The cattle used to s ail feeding w
' i vi'*M a much greater quantity of milk, a
' iu'Tcaseil fas ? r in weiglr, when faucuit
' itian when tliey gotoih - field.
*'4. "hey are less subject to accident
I do not suffer so much from heat, fl es a
' insects?on the contrary if every thing
i properly managed, thev will remain in
' state of constant health and vigor."
} Von Tiiacr.
I
? COMPOSITION FOR CORN.
' Take one bushel of phs'er, half a bus
el of lone, and half a bushel of ashes, a
* [ mix llioin thoroughly toge h"r. Apj
- obou* a table spoonful to a hill. I have |
i I it on inv corn this season mid have foun<l
, J decidedly b- n<Ti"i I, so much so that I hi
on*- of the best field-; of corn in this vicini
1 T? V 't render, n?*xt year, the co?t is no'hii
r and Ino application gives but little iroul.
s W. E.'1
i Gennesec Farmer.
r
?! OVERSEERS OR MANAGERS.?the dJjjlCl
a 1 of getting good ones.?It would be (tiffic
?f to d- sign e any subject, in reference
y i vv Inch I Midiiolders of Maryland, and pro
v ' l?lv in V rginia -nd other sna-s sou h ol
s suffer so much inconvenience an J detrim
r' ?ortc it' regard to which they a<*e lia
for to so much imposition as in the qu ihfica- f
J-d tiun and chancer of* tnan ?g? rs. It '
in- well behoves them to consider the causes t
tes of what may he set down as one of the gr'at- a
Hid est evils under which they labor, and the
av- means, if any, which may he apphed to re- ?
i a move it. All admit tlu existence of tho b
ici- grievance, all lament it?hut how far will b
as that go towards curing i; ? In pursuing n
torJ the inquiry, with a view to any practicable *
:ut* amendment of the present s\sere of cm- p
wo [ ploying overseers, it amendment be practivi'l
l cable. Hie true course is to ascertain in what *
rth :*s d Pru consist?Suppose Dr. .Muse, or n
it ?. !> . r nkhn. cr any other skilful physician
ul 1 v 'ailed in to a patient pros-rat*? and '
r- sj?eee;.|css ; does he plunge in ;tie lancet or tj
in r pour in the calomel, without first endeav- u
ivs miring to ascertain bv tlie symp oma and h
ii'n bv inquiry, the scat and the cause of the *
,r-t disorder ? No. certainly not; some there ia
' w are, it is s iid, with whom these two remedies n
t<-,| constitute : panacea of universal efficacy, L
i:i- like Dr. Sangr tuo's hot water, and so they n
ro. bl?f d first, and inquire alterward-! For tl
t;g ourse lves, unskilled in the divine art, we b
iild ' confess to some fai*h in the pulse and the s<
as tongue Wiiat then are the causes that nr
in- managers nre, in so tnanv cases, lazy, ig- ')
18 norant, incompetent, drunken and dislion- c<
be est ? i'his inquiry we are aware opens a a'
lis. broad field of investigation?So far from di
tils pretending to be prepared to solve ihe pro- w
;lit blem, we readily admit our inability to do it. a<
iu' On this, as on a thousand subjecis which th
sof we should rejoice to understand and illus- o!
nil trato, we Ir.el but too s ns.blv that l"ke Soc- P
ler | rates of old, "all dial I know is that I know b
id, noitiini* !'* Are overseers too poorly paid ? b
i ll Is the occupation degrading? Has the sys- *
o t<. m of discipline over slaves been so much di
:he relaxed by their owners, as to prevent the hi
h?' overseer l:om doing himself justice 1?To si
At determine tU'Se questions, a variety of farts
ire are necessary?Oil the point of compeusa. d
of tion, wh mus* consider the nature of his sec- al
rs j vices and the degree of his responsibility; *
aii | and compare these uith the services and
an ' responsibility of rien of equal grade of colli
| parity in oilier callings. At first view we ;
eu ! had adopted the opinion that, with a few j ^
ia. excrptions, the pay is too litde?:hat higher J
ry com|Hinsa:i.m in almost every other employ m
he j mem at racted all young ni^n of industry
of and charac er?That is to say, that the de. ^
v.- gree of intelligence, industry and integrity ^
11- j necessary to make a good overseer, would
iu ! command higher wage , at almost any oth- ^
lie er business, wliothtr on land or wat"r ; but Q|
ne on rt f! crion, we doubt the truth of that w
ei- impression. Suppose the manager to be a Qj
iat married inan, he usually gets a house, a
garden, h s fiiewood, and a ce*?**o a!Tow- m
ire ance of mrnt und corn, with the privilege to '
ed his wife of raising poultry, keeping or using tj
in. a cow, and som?'tnnc? ihe right of a hog
10 or two from the offal kitchen milk and gar. !
nv ''en .stuff?such ofTal boiog sufficient for
m? oit.i Jn>?; ?t l> ast? How does that compare .
,re w uli the best journeyman's wiges at any '
[)D inechuiu' d business, or with a great ntim- J
ber of goo J clerks? Suppose a journey- J
an man's wages to be SI,50 per day, for, say C{
nil three hundred days, though in many cases,
A i such ns plasterers, bricklayers, painters, w
:il! | &< . &<*.. they are without employment for m
is >ix wvks or two mourns in winter?out
iat wo w ill say three hundred days?that would ^
ug be four hundred and fifty dollars?Now sup. ^
;h- poso him to be a married man, what are j
id- his expenses ? With an opportunity to in. ^
quire, we might speak with more accuracy ;
j hut we will s iy, for r
House rent, $40 *
Wood, 33 11
in Meat, as much ns the overiih
seer gets and raises, 50
M?lk, 10 rfl
es Marketing vegetables for the ;t
year, say, 75 m
s- fa
ve Making 200
l ..I* r L:. / . i_._J I 1 f.C
:a- Ueauci mis irom ms lour luuureu unu m. ^
t? ty? and he has in money two hundred and y
fifty against the overseer's two hundred.? ,e
ee Bu' suppose him to be sick for a day, or a t|,
ne week, or a mouth?his pay is stopped to w
>st tl>e hour, whilo the overseer's goes on?
le. And th?n he is not stinted in the use of fire. ^
>er wood ; gets, or ought to get, from one cow, s;
en which every married man, in common hit- j,
ds, inanity, ought to be allowed to keep, as &
he much milk as will go far towards feeding s,
his children ; and his wife, if a thrif'y wo w
rill man, will raise poultry enough to pay for 8)
nd their groceries, except liquors , and were ft
ig, it possible, there should be a stipulation
against the use of them in or out of his tt
? uouso. But in his, the Boss should set the H
nd example, us does our friend?and we are a
he pro id 10 call lion friend Jucob Wooif, a
a <n tstcr mason in Baltimore?a most active, t;
early rising, industrious, thriving, rich- <j
growing mechanic?one w:th wnom we ?
have often stole away before daylight, to (,
enjoy a delightful hunt, killed our fox, and jj
ih- got buck almost in time to escape the ma- ft
nd lignant observations of some envious hack- ft
ale biting drones, who looking out yet but half 0
Dut awake, through their chamber window, ^
it would say, uAh, there goes the fox-hunting
ive postmaster?better be in his office : nerer c
tv. i niin I?we'll fix his flin* for him?we'll get f(
ijt, ! up a secret m- morinl for Ins renjoval!" c
>le. Hut away wi'li such vermn?It would not ^
' he lair to connect them by any sort of asso- p
elation, wi?h Woolf's Loader of Dido. By- ^
ihe-bye, in nil our exhilarations?after a I u
ilty ll??' fatigues of the chase, W. could nevy v
:ulf be templed to drink any thing but water.? |(
to' Owe at Ilarewood, 1 remember me, he c
ha-' was prevailed on to l??t down n glass or two t
r it,' of <park mg champaigne, bur there wnt no j
e.it. s iani in. bis reluctance to go it?Sooner j .
bio 1 would Vo bavq gone n fivo.btrrcd '
ouch by way of & by-blow, at an %nesN
vorthy, high-apiri'ed bricklayer, whose poliic?,
like bis trade, lead him to build up, and
lot to pull down. ^ t
It would seem that the wages of the over- ^
eer are equal to, and bis condition probacy
in some respects better than that of the
est journeyman meeha|ic ; for no*marricd
ien is worthy of the erRloyment at a manjp*r,
who would not be worthy of the com.
enaction end privileges here designated.
Can it be that young men eschew the
mployment because it is not, or is esteemed
ot to be a respectable occupation? Those
dio consider it otherwise, must surely have
rungely perverted notions of respectabili{?is
the foreman of any raanufuctary or
mechanical business respectable 1 Weil if
? not an overseer 1 is a chief clerkship in
store or and office not respectable? and
i not lliat man who holds it an overseer ? la
ot the birth of a first, or a second, or a third
lieutenant, or mate in a man-of-war or
merchant vessel, respectable? and are not
ley all overseers, all of them, moreover,
eing themselves overseen ! Does the over.
?er on a farm watch over those under him
lore closely, or enforce discipline so strktr,
or punish those under him with so much
ertuinty or sever.ty, as does the Lieuten?
nt of a man.of.war, for neglect or disobe.
ience, or desertion ??No, by no means,
bile he is himself held to a much stricter
ccount by his commanding offiocr?So is
le mate of a merchant?so is the foreman
f a manufactory, or the chief clerk of t
ublic office, held to a much stricter account
y their superior, than most overseers are.
y their employers. The owner of land
ho would wantonly treat his manager with
isrespect, or without ample occasion, make
im feel his subordinate situation, only
lews as ail fools will sometimes do, that
want of decency is want of sense." On
iat point every gentleman (a distinctive
apellaiion fur which we must still it;sist)
ill be guarded not to forget that
"Honor and worth from no condition riae?
Act well your part?there all the honor lies.".
/ho shall say sucli men as Crawford, man.
;er for Dr. Stewart, and Tucker, for Mr.
axcy, are i:ot as good and as respectable
en, aye, and a thousand times more so
an many a large landholder or merchant,
iing men of uprightness, of sobriety, of
>urage and of industry?men who have
i? talents and the energy to set an example
rthe best practice, and the greatest sucJsg
in the most useful, an?}tiLsis~*Uror.G
r the most (I; jlL-'^^ttrrs^jT1 fe, Would to
rtrtVn our country abounded more in such
ien. He must have an of'tnse inte fecr,
iih very little of the spirit o( inquiry or
irst for" knowledge, who does not gain ad- f
intucro. ar.d crutification bv asfiociat.nir
-?o" o - - -j ?n
ith such men. If they wcutd cosseur,
id those who would employ then; would
low them to take apprentices, or pupils if
>u will, (for it seems that with some a rose
f any other namo will not smell us ^?wc. ~
-hence manager *s thought to be more
>urtoous than overseer ! what nonsense!)
we say men of any class, high or low,
ould bind themselves to work under such ?
en as Crawford and Tucker, whore such*,
in be found, it would constitute a much
ore useful school than many which have
jeu endowed by Legislatures and pious
estutors. Young men brought up under
em, leaving with their certificate, would
irry w th them a diploma that would not
' to procure them honorable employment
id ad'-quato pay.?Am. Farmer,
bl*cit wheat. (Folygonum.)
In ii<jht lands this crop may be
lis' d to advan age. In this climate*
s o ild not be sown till after the
i.htlortl \!?v. Onp hncht-l is <apt*d pnrmcrh
J' rr
an acre, if sown broad-cast, as is usual;
it if sown in drills, less than half that
jantity is sufficient. In the State of New
ork, farmers sow it in August with winr
wheat. It affords th* m a ripe crop in
le fall, without injuring the crop of wheat,
h ch grows with and succeeds it.
Buckwheat is harvested by mowing, in
te manner of barley. After it is mown it
tould be several days before it is housed,
is in no danger of the seeds failing, nor
oes it suffer much by we*. From its gieat
jcculency it is liable to heat in a mow, on
hich account it is better to put it into small
aeks of five or six loads each, ,than either
large one, or in a barn.
Mr. London observes, "that the use of
ie grain of buckwheat in Great Bri'aia is
Imost entirely for feeding poultry, pigeons,
nd swine. It may also be given to horses,
rmch art; said to^hrive well upon if; but
ie author of "The New Farmer's Cal? n?
;ir," says he thinks ho ha-* soen it produce
8 up?*fying effect. Young says, that 4*a
u?!i?'l of buckwheat goes far her than twe
usitels of oats, and mix^d with at least
)ur times as much bran, will be found sufcient
for a horse a week. Eight bushels
f buckwheat meal will go as far as twelve
ushelsof barloy meal."
T.'e meal of buckwheat is made into thin
ak?'s, called crumpets, in Italy, and in
ome parts of England. Buckwheat pan.
akes are likewise common, and thought :o%
e wholesome as well as palatable, in many
iarts of the United States. Buckwheat
lossoms afford ri< h food for bees, and aro
isrful as well from the quantity of honey
which they enable the bees to make, as the
Dug time they continue without fading or
casing to be frugrant. Oil this account
lie buckwheat plant is highly prized in
France ond Germany; and I>u tlamcl ad,
* Frg'ar.d.
A