1 tupt Sl lvbtbtUt 3^, 1. ! " LIBERTY AND MY NATIVE SOIL." j VOLUME IV. - - -- NIB j ABBEVILLE C. H., S. C., NOVEMBER 10, 1847. i I Publislinl every Wednesday Morning by CHARLES II. ALLEN, EDITOR AND rUOPKIKTOK. 'A'ERITflS.??1.M) if paid within three months from the time of subscribing, or ?2.00 if paid within six mouths, and ^2.50 if not paid until the (>nd of th? year. No subscription received Jur less than six months, and no paper discontinued until all arrearages are paid. Subscriptions will Oft continued unless notice be given otherwise, previous to the close of volume. H7r No pupcr will be sent out of the Stutc unless payment is made in advance. ADVERTISEMENTS, inserted ut 75 cts. per square of twelve lines for the lirst insertion, and 37 1 -ii cts. for each continuance. Those not having tlic desired number of insertions marked upon them, will be continued until ordered out and charged ac cordingly. HIT" Est rays Tolled, }$'2.(I0, to be paid by the Magist rate. O* For announcing a Candidate, $2.00, in advance. Ij" The Postage must be paid upon all letters and communications to secure attention. (FOIl THE AIIBEVILI.E BANNEIl.) INCIDENTS or TRAVEL. i.i;TTi:ii JV. Tin; Virginia Military Instiuite is another object. ??f interest in Lexington. As yet, this is in its incipient existence, having been established only eight years. The circumstances which led to its organization are the following :?Fot the. protection of Western Virginia against servile insurrections, si State Arsenal of 30,000 stand of arms-. *fcc., was located here ; and guarded by a captain and 30 men, who were not onlv a grout expense to the Slate, but also a greater nuisance to society. At the solicitation of ceitain influential individual?, thi.s miniature standing army was disbanded, and the Aiscuul transformed into a military school, regulated agreeably to the principles of the United Slates Academy at West Point. There are now four Professors in rthc Institute, and the modus operandi, in several respects, resembles the peculiarities of the. Virginia University,which you know differs from all other literary institutions. After the elementary course, Latin and French are taught; then, perhaps, a more extensive course in Mathematics than is .usual in .Colleges. The cadets are partic. ulavly disciplined in drill and camp exercises, sine] the applica ion of Mathematics to the various preparations for offensive and defensive warfare. The Institute is under a most thorough and complex system of re gulations, and yet they are most rigid and technically enforced. It is almost a paragon of perfection indiscipline. Mere gratitude compels me to acknowledge my numerous and weighty obligations to Major Preston and Capt. Williamson for their kindness and trouble ip pointing out arid explaining all the minutia of their complicated system. Maj. Preston is a cousin to South Carolina's distinguished adopted son. The library is small, but contains manv in tcresting and valuable works. The cadets have only one Literary Society, and this accounts, in part, for a want of full development, in some instances, of the oratorical organs. We should never contemn and disrespect that silver voice and perennial stream of transparent, pure and crjwrapturing eloquence, of which, Cicero makes such frequent and honorable mention. The Institute is handsomely situated on a conir manaing eminence, and is, or course, t!ic Acropolis of this Athens of the Virginia valley. The Professors are entitled to great credit for the ability and fidelity with \yhich they have discharged the various and laborious duties the board of Visitors has imposed ; but when we contemplate the tendencies of such institutions, do we not perceive some cause of alarm lest these may become engines that will operate deleteriously to the health and perpetuity of our civil liberty. The reasonable presumntion is, the peculiar education of these young men will inspire them with a restless ardent thirst for military glory ; for no man can become an adept in the principles of his favorite science without an incessant and indomitable desire to reduce, these theories to practical ekperiment,so that some reward may accrue from his arduous and prolonged labors. Individuals, then, may leave this nursery of martial ambition, with their minds thoroughly imbued with the science^ and their imagination revelling in all the triumphs and glories of the battle Held Now suppose this martial band to diverge from the focus of formation, and locate in the peaceful fruitful plains of our republic: will not the tendency of their influence be to infuse their spirit into those with whom ihpv nra nssnpiiiiwl ? Wo Im'-" ~mrals nf ... umuc 1ICIUIf, then, it does not make a man marc courageous in fighting the battles of his country, it is not needed for the private, who fights in the rank as a common soldier. We may safely and composedly rely on the qntutored, but tried yeomanry, who proved so efficient at Bunker Hill and Brandy wine. Then, the only plea that can be urged for a military education, is to furnish the army | .with competent officers. This, then, can j be done at the shortest notice, and in the neatest and most fnshionable style at the TTnitfxl filatoo A nnflnmo ? v ??V~ wiutbc nwaucinjf (il ileal 1 unit. I And the funds disbursed for this purpose, by individual states, would be employed more profitably both to government tfnd citizens if expended in improving their intellectual I and moral condition. Life's Pendulum.?At every swing <,| the pendulum, a spirit goes into eternity. The measure of our life is a hand-breadth ; it is a tale that is told ; its rapidity is like the swift shuttle or the flying arrow; it is brief as the fading flower, or the transitory rainbow, or the dazzling inetior; it is a breath. At every swing of the pendulum a spirit goes into eternity. Between the rising and setting sun, forty-two thousand souls are summoned before the Creator. Death is very busy, night and day, at all season*, in all <* limns. 'IVm-? .?o .....11 i , * "O %? I II (Id beautiful are those lines of Mrs. Memans : Leaves have their time to fall, And flowers to wither at th.i north wind's breath, And stars to set?hut all, Thou hast all seasons for thine own, oh Death ! lie is supplied with a bound U-ss variety of darts ami arrows with which he accomplishes his work. Could all the forms in which death comes to man be written together. what a long and f< arful catalogue would it make. Think of the innumerable number of diseases at the command of death. And, as though these were not sufficient, see how man is exposed to fatal accidents on every hand, and at every moment. It was a saying of FJavel, that u the smallest pore in the body is a door large enough to let in death." The leanest gnat in the air, says the .same writer, may / 11 n 1-- ii nn n o r? ? /I i?l \ ,1 ~ - - ? ? - ^ ' utiu no 11 Mill x\Ul'ltl II, OI' IIIU 1 'OJ)(* Ol Rome. A little. hair in milk tnny strangle, one, as it did a counsellor in Rot;?:\ A little skin of a raisen may stop one's breath, as it did the lyric poet Anacreon. A little ognail on a finder recently proved the avenue of death to a physician, who was in the vigor of life and health. Even the food we eat to nourish us, and the air we breathe, may introduce death into our systems.? And though every thing else should (iiil to harm us, we might litil beneath our own nanus, snouiu ijioM permit a cloud to pass over our reason. Oh, how insecure is life I ?how near is death! What has been said of the mariner, in respect to his ship, that "he always sails within four i. ches of death," may be said of the soul in relation to the body. If the ship split, then the sailor sinks; if our earthly vessel break, the soul is plunged forever into the shoreless oeean ol'eterniiy. Were our senses not benumbed anil deadened, we should read a warning in every sear leaf, and hear an admonition in every wind that sighs. Even sleep would be a mighty monitor of death ? an ever present emblem of mortality. Texas?Derivation of the Name,? JL'he Uanianches claim to be the lineal descendants of the. empire of Montezuma, and the 011 y legitimate owners of the whole Mexican country. The Chiefs say that when Cortes landed in Mexico, he found the country torn to pieces by internal factions and W's enabled, by employing the disaffected chiefs, to raise a force to seize upon their capital. Those chiefs believed i( they could destroy the power ofMontezuma, they could easily despatch the Span iard, and have the control of the country in their own hands. But too late they ascertained that they had introduced a harder musicr, anu mat unconditional servitude was all tliey had to expect. They were required to change their ancient religion, and thousands oi'them were sent ofTto work in the mines from which they rarely ever made their escape. A great proportion of them howed their necks to the conqueror, and became serfs and slaves to the Spaniards; but a few, the noblest and best, preferred exile to servitude, and set out on a pilgrimage to the north, in hopes to find a land where they could enjoy ihcir ancient institutions in pence They travelled for many weeks, nnd at last cainc to the great river of the north? the Rio Grande?where they encamped, and sent out twenty chosen men to examine the adjacent country. They crossed the great river, and ascended one of the highest peaks of the mountain, which overlooked the adjacent plain. The prairie was covered with buffalo, deer and antelopes,and they thought they had reached the happy huntiug-ground,and the word "Tehas! Tehasl Tehasl" burst from eveiy tongue. It was decided unanimously that it should be their future home, and that the country should go by the name apparently furnished them by the Great Spirit. Tehas is the Camanchee name for the Residence of the happy spirit in the other world, where they shall enjoy an eternal felicity, and have a plenty of deer and buffalo always at hand. By taking the sound as they pronounce it, and giving it the Spa nish orthography, it gives us the word " Texas," whicFi is the happy hunting ground," or the " Elysium," of the Camanches. This is the true history of the name as derived from Isowacuny himself Mexican Moonlight.?" Meet mc by moonlight alone" can be practicalized in Mexico with beautiful effect, we should think, judging from the following extract I) from an army letter which was published not long sincc in a Southern paper:? 'Perhaps you will not. believe mo when I tell you that 1 am writing this by moonshine?yes, the beautiful bright moonlight of Mexico. Heaven help those in the U. States who think they know what moon light is ! Thry know nothing about it.? Moonlight in Mexico is moonlight?pure, t - * - '* oeautuui. magnificent, beyond description. It is the essence of noonday rarified? I']very object stands out in bold relief, and so clear and pure is the atmosphere that that the stars and the broad unclouded sin seem within reach. I have enjoyed this enchanting moonlight a hundred times while silting with my mess in front o( our tent, or sometimes we ake a prom-nade around the camp as f the guard will permit us ; and at othei s pass out and wander through the be 1 streets of the city and listen to the cu.uter of a thousand Mexican tongues, jabbering to one another across (lie streets. It is at such times that we inhale the sweet odor of the now ripening fruits that grow so plentifully in this city?such as orange, lemon?, limes, figs, dates, and almonds; and then that best of all fruit, the juicy peach, grows here to its greatest perfection. All these things comliilii'd will r'VPr rrii-r? n enl*!!.*- t ^ . v. u sMivuri CUII11.' liaiipv hours." The 1?lack Hot.e in Calcutta.?The dreadful tragedy at Calcutta, many years ago is often referred lo bo physiologists as a fearful illustration of the fatal effects resulting from an impure atmosphere. The details of the tragedy are thus given in Ifowitt's Journal. The most fearful instance on record of the sacra flee of human life from confinein nt in a limited quantity of air occurred in the year 1750, when a hundred and fortysix English taken in Port William at Calcutta, by the native prince Suroj-u-Dowlah, were imprisoned bv his orders I J ' """ "* VIIW vv/,,i" mon dungeon of the garrison, known as the Black hole. This apartment was not twenty feet square, and had two small windows and these were partly obstructed on the outside by the projecting veranda. It was the very hottest season of the year, and the nights unusually sultry even tor that season. The wretched prisoners soon became mad with thirst and the craving for air ; they shrieked for water in the most furious tones, and fought each other with manic hands, feet, and teeth, for possession of the ground nearest the windows. When water was brought, they battled with each other like demons for the first draught, and they consequently spilled and wasted more than was drunk. The constant crowding to the windows, by obstructing the cnterance of 1 -.1* - I C XT n an, uwiiujuu <111 CUitDCC OI Hie IOT tflOSP who were furthest removed from them; .and many thus perished whose lives might possibly have been saved if all had been content to remain tranquil, taking their regular turns in the more airy portions of the apartment. Many more perished from the violence of the conflict in which they had been engaged ; and by fvo o'clock in the morning, only fifty (but little more than onethird of the orignal number) remained alive. These, by making the best of their dreadful condition, might have perhaps been all saved notwithstanding the rapid decomposition of the bodies of the dead gave a n?*w and sickening taint to the air of this terrible dungeon; but one after another continued to sink, until at eight o'clock, when an order aVrived for an enlargement of the survivors, only / IFpyi f M-f h Y00 U'Pro frill r>/-l nlu?a o A ? ! ? o.. .*!. %. ii/miiu Uiiiu, uuu IliCCi; J5U dreadfu iiy changed in appearance as scarcely to be recognised even by their nearest friends. Good Atjvicf, fob the Youxg.?Every youth should enryly learn the importance of self-reliance. If he would make any advancement up the rugged hill of Science, or climb the steps of Fame?he has got to make himself. You may have affectionate parents and powerful friends?they will be of but little avail if you do not help yourself. You may have money and wealth at your command?but they, of themselves, can do but little in the accomplishment of your great objects. You have the advantages nf tllP. hps! n rwl nl lV?o mo of niliml.L ? ?? - *? ?/? VIIU HIVOI ? ai UUMIL libraries, but if you do not bring into requisition and active service the native energies of your own mind, you will fall infinitely aihort of. the ends sought for. Remember that industry, application and energy can accomp'tsh almost any and every thing? without them you can do comparately nothing. Mas. O'Connell's remains are to be exhumed at Cahirciveen, and placed alongside those of her husba'nd at Glusnevin Cemetery. The present commotion in Europe is cu rious?Protestant England supporting Papal Rome against Catholic Austria and Catholic France. Ox Making and Pkeskving Bpttkk.Butter is an important article in household economy; and as upon its quality depends very mneli th profits af the farmer, as well as the comfort of the consumer, L send you, Mr. Editor, a few hints on the process of making and preserving it. The art of making butter consists in separating, with skill and neatness the oil from the serum and curd with which is combined in the milk, and of seasoning it to suit the palate. The art of preserving good butter lies in keeping it as to have it retain its rich sweet flavor. The best method I know of effecting these objects, is embraced in the following rules: 1. In llie first place, see that your cows are supplied with plonty of nutritious food. This is the raw material from which butter is made; and unless this is good and abundant, the manufactured article will be scanty nnd poor. 2. Lft the milk be stH in shallow, broad pans, of wooden, tin, or stone earthenware, to facilitate the separation of the cream, in a cool, clean apartment. Red-glazed earth enware is bad; and load is often poisonous. I think the best temperature is about fifty degrees of Fahrenheit. 3* Let the cream or milk be churned be* forf! it lias lirrnmr* mnr-iil r?r oo -n fl>io stage it has lost its finest qualities for butter. 4. The operation of churning should be moderately and regularl y performed. If too slow and at intervals only, the separation is tedious and uncertain. If violent, the creain is too much heated, and yields a white insipid butter. 5. Put no water with your cream nor with your milk. The flavor, I may say aroma, which gives the butter its high value, i* extremity volatile, is disengaged by heat and materially dissipated by water. Work the butter thoroughly wiih the butter-ladle in rx nmnflnn kr\t*rl tor to cool the mass; and while this opetion is being completed, mix pure, fine salt enough with the butter to season it for the table, and set it by in the bowl in a cool cellar till next clay?at which time the salt will be completely dissolved, when it is to be thoroughly incorporated by again working the butler with the wooden ladle until every particle of liquid is expelled. The making process is completed. To preserve the rich flavor which this process secures. Daclc the butter nicelv down in a 1 * * 9 perfectly tight, sweet vessal, and none is better than a stone earthen jar, without a particle of additional salt; smooth the surface, and cover the top two inches with a strong cold brine, which has been made by boiling and slamming the materials. If a pellicle or scum is seen to rise upfon the pickle, turn off the liquid and replace it by fresh picle. I am accustomed to eat butter of May, June and October, made and preserved in this way, when it is from six to twelve months old, without perceiving any material difference between it and that which is fresh made. tKeepimg Farm. Accounts.?Let any r t .t - - i ? lanner maKe ine experiment, ana lie win find it an interesting as it is useful, to know j from year to year the actual produce of his 1 farm. Let everything therefore .which can 1 be measured and weighed ; and let that j which cannot be brought to an exact standard, be estimated as if he himself were about to sell or purchase it. Let him also as near as he can, measure the ground which he plants, the quantity of seed he uses, and the manner in which he applies it. The labor of doing this is nothing compared with the satisfaction of having it, and the benefits which must arise from it. Conjecture, in these cases, is perfectly wild and uncertain, varying often with different individuals, almost a hundred per cent. Exactness enables a man to form conclusions which may most essentially and innumer.ahle ways, avail to his advatage. It is that alone which can give any value to his experience. It is that which will make his experience the sure basis of improvement; it will put it in his power to give safe counsel to his friends ; and it is the only ground on which he can securely place cogfidencc in himself.?Norristown Herald. Sukjide.?Wc nr informed that on Sunday last, a Mr. Mason, who rnsided in the lower part of Pickens Dis'rict, committed suicide by shooting himself through the head with a rifle ; the ball entering under the lower j&yv, and coming out at the back part of the -head. Insanity produced by intemperance, is supposed to have been tho exciting cause of this rash act. Anderson Gazette. Isn't it a very queer thing that a man, by penning his ideas lets trtem out. A gentleman praising the generosity of vile* rfc V\ /"i j * 1- - ??4 ?? ? a iuhuj uuoci ?uu mui " lit: ipcpi ins money like water." "Then of course he liquidated Uis debts5" rejoined a wag.