?%r iJJij&fbiUf Jgacmwr*
y
i
44 LIBERTY AND MV NATIVE SOIL."
VOLUME IV. ? - - ----- : NUMBER 25. -I
ABBEVILLE C. IL S. C., AUGUST 18, 1847.
Published every Wednesday Morning bv
CHARLES H. ALLEN,
K1HTOK AND l'KOl'lUliTOK.
ONE DOLLAR AND FIFTY CENTS if paid
within three months from the time of subscribing,
or TWO DOLLARS if paid within nix months,
and TWO DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS if
not paid until the end of the year. No subscription
recoived for loss than six months; and 110 paper
discontinued until all arrearages are paid. Subscriptions
will be continued unless notice be given
otherwise, previous to tho close of volume.
No paper will be sent out of the State unless
payment is made in advance.
ADVERTISEMENTS, inserted at 75 ets. per
square of twelve lines for tho first insertion ; and,
37 1-y cts. lor each continuance. Those not having
(ho desired number of insertions marked upon thoin,
will be continued until ordered out and charged accordinglv.
ESTRAYS, Tolled TWO DOLLARS, to bo
paid by tho Magistrate.
For announcing uCandidato TWO DOLLARS,
in advance.
Tho Postage must be paid upon all letters and
communications to secure attention.
(WRITTEN* FOR THE ABBEVILLE BANNER.)
GEOLOGY, NO. G.
Having inide what remarks we intended
to make in regard to the primitive transition
and secondary classes of rocks, we
. 1 i! _ 1. . r? -1- r ?
suun now go uacu mr ine purpose 01 simplifying
a little. By referring to what we
have said in the proceeding numbers it will
beseen that we have enumerated six rocks
as belonging to the primitive class?that
we have placed Gold in close proximity with
Talcosc slate which is the fourth rock in order,
and tint we have said that the only
limestone in this class is the sixth rock of the
series?the Granular limestone or Statuary
marble. The transition class consists of
but five rock an.l is lather an unimportant
class. Willi tlm first rnr?l- of tliia r>U?o
the secaitk in the order in which we are
now considering them we find roof slate and
anthracite coal?with the ni/U/i we have
said the silver mines of So-itli Atncrica are
associated.and with the tenth we find Grindstones
and Hones. Passing on to the secondary
class we come in the first place?the
twelth rock in the present order to Mill
stone grit where the celebrated Esopus mill
stones are found, and between which and
the thirteenth rock are extensive coal beds,
and associated with the thirteenth we find
all of the salt springs, rock salt, &c. With
Qnron tno nf li lira finrl />Arnmnn I I m a
wvf vi?kVVU?U ?? v. tuiu VyWlUlllUU XLIUO OiUUC
Gpysum and Water lime stone or Silicious
limestone. Now for the purpose ofillustration
suppose we place the figure 1 at the
bottom of the p:ige, figure 2 immediately
over it and so on until we come to 20.?
Gold is always associated with 4, Statuary
marble with figure 6, the silver mines
of South America and probably of this country
with 9, Grind Stones and Hones with 11
with figure I2jthc Esopus mill stones between
which and 13 are extensive Coal
beds, with 13 all of the known Salt springs
in existence and with 17 Common limestone
Gypsum and Siliciou3 limestone. Now we
are living below the transition series and
upon figure 6, we. havt no transition or secondary
rocks in this country, Consequently
it would be folly for us to attempt to
, look for Coal of any kind, probably Silver
v in any considerable quantity, Grindstones,
. Esopus Mill Stones, Salt, common lime
f'j.. Stone, Gypsum or Sllicious limestone.
All of those valuable articles are
above us, and' we should certainly exhibit
: as much wisdom in boring up for these
articles as we should in boring down for
them?they are not below us?Geoloe-icallv
asL'v'""
speaking they are above us.
* ' Scientia.
K ' ..
Gambler to be Sold.?A trial took
* place at St. Luis recently, which lasted
three days, of a man named William Enos,
who was taken up under the vagrant law.
It appears tjiat Enos was a professional gambier,
having the "visible means of support,"
so for as ready cash is an element of such
mean:*, for he produced more money than
was perhaps in the possession at the time of
W;-, \ any other person present. He was found
He v however, and Justice Butler ordered
B8j?his commitment under the lawyin order that
Kpft; ho might, within three days time, be offered
^vv for sale t>y public auction, to the highesr
bidder for six month of his valuable services.
1 Expensive,?Uncle Sam's expenses for
the last quarter amounted to $*22,475,(505.
|jp > 1 This is at the rate of nearly ninety millions
I y^Froni Ike. Charleston Mcrcury.
GREENVILLE AND COLUMBIA
RAIL ROAD.
Mr. Editor: When I left Charleston a
fortnight ago, I had no anticipation of finding
in the western portion of the State such
an active and commendable spirit of internal
improvement A Rail Road from Aiken
to Edgefield C. H. will no doubt be built, j
The planters on the Savannah river, both
sides, are alive to the necessity and anvantage
of opening their highway for steam
navigation ; and when crops "are laid by,"
will hold meetings to consider and carry out
the enterprise. It will be one of the
cheapest, most practicable, and useful of
any proposed.
But the scheme that most attracted my
attention, is that of the late earnest effort
and enerirv of Northeastern Abbeville and
Anderson districts to bring tlie proposed
Railroad from Columbia to Greenville,
through their section ; the route to be from
Newberry C. H. across the Saluda river
opposite uo'd Ninety-six," (now Cambridge,)
by Greenwood and Cokesbury, in Abbeville,
and Calhoun, in Anderson, again across the
Saluda to Greenville. 1 was present at a
strong meeting on day before yesterday at
Greenwood, held among others lor this purpose.
It was vigorously addressed by Hollar
and Perrin ol Abbeville, Pope, Summer,
and Fair of Newberry, and Reed of Anderson.
The propo-ed subscription is one of j
?250,000 to $300,000 Southwest ot Saluda,
to divert the road across it, and pay the additional
expense that must result from the
diversion. If it is accomplished Laurens
will loose the route entirely, and yet be
compelled to patronize the road. An issue
is thus .produced between Abbeville and
Laurens; one the largest producer of Cot tm
and the other of Wheat in the State.?
As Laurens is somewhat at their mercy.
Newberry is strongly in favor of the proposed
route through Abbeville. On the
other hand, the country between the Saluda
and Savannah rivers well complains that
in the deliberations at Columbia last winter
as to extending Railroads through the upper
part of the State, a just and due regard
was not had tor that best portion of it.
Reflection after leaving the Greenwood
Meeting has suggested this communication.
Looking calmly and impartially over the
whole field, I thought 1 saw an arrangement
that woidd reconcile and subserve the
interests and convenience of all the sections
concerned; and 1 therefore would suggest
a route for the consideration of Abbeville,
Laurens and Anderson, and of the stockholders
of the road generally (wjio have yet
to fix the route,) that would answer these
ends, and from the amount of subscription
that it would command in comparison with
others, as well as from its locality, would be
the cheapest and most profitable.
The route 1 suggest is from Newberry
towards and near the Saluda river, opposite
Cambridge?then up the river without
crossing it, on a line about two miles frnm
it, to avoid its immediate hills, across the
Reedy river, and along the ridge between
it and Saluda to Greenville, inclining as
much as practiele towards the borders of
Anderson. The argument in favor of this
route I deem conclusive.
Lot us compare all the routes. I will assume
that the Columbia and Greenville
road will pay costs aod some profit, whatever
be its route.
First. T/ic Abbeville route. The portion
of Abbeville and Anderson Districts lying
on the Savannah river, having if itc
' 0 -highway,
will not and cannot be diverted to
the proposed route. Its purpose is the improvement
of that river, which affords its
cheapest possible transporiation, by saving
almost all the trouble and expense of wagoningover
a few miles. Ia truth not more
than half of those Districts will have or
take any interest in the route; and^hat
half must bear the expense of the increased
cost, in order to divert the road through or
to it. What will be that expense? In my
judgment $400,000 instead $300,000 will
be required. The proposed Abbeville route
:il I 1 ?!1- I - -
win ue m least ~&o mucs longer man ttie
direct rotiVe by Laurens C. H., one being at
least 135 miles and the other 110 miles.
Leaving out cost of Machinery, officers
and depots, the cost per mi'leaf raust be $10,000?$6,000
for iron, timbei%?ran laying
them, (see estimate on this point of 'Mr.
Memminger's report,) and at least $4,000
for grading. The first item then is $250,000.
The two bridges across the Saluda,
(which often rises 30 feet and is then a bold
and rapid stream,) must be heavy work of
masonry, and will cost at least $100,000.
Then also what will be lost to the Road
generally from want ofsubsciption by Laurens,
if the road does not pass through it,
would, in the end, be $50,090 after all deductions.
I know the whole; up-country
W?ll, from long residence- and frequent travel
in it, and I assure the parties concerned,
this estimate will be near the mark. Here,
then, we see that the portion alluded to, j
Southwest of Saluda, will have to advance
t. ' i . : ''"V '7. - ,-,{' *
*' ' * J ... ' .?'?$
<*(.>:?v v
' fiB'S* '' '' '
8400.000 lo obtain the diversion and construct
the increase of Road, and this too
without adding1 a dollar to the means necessary
to secure the completion of the Road
to Greenville. This route also,as proposed,
will run on a line nearly It) miles fro.u
Saluda river after crossing it, thus cutting
off Laurens and compelling its people lu
wagon over bad roads to Newberry, at distances
from 20 to 00 miles. It"the advocates
of this route do not come to the pro- j
prosed compromise route they may loose all: j
1st, because the stockholders of the Road j
1 rrnnnvo II., ...Ml ..... ... .1.. :.. I
I j IV III IlVfl I UIICV.III IU lllt'll UUUIU*
tousand expensive route, uud at an injustice
to Laurens; 2(1, beeausc they cannot
raise 8-100,000, the amount necessary to
obtain it; 3d, because with that addition of
capital the problematical question whether
the Road will at all pay costs and some interest
upon the investment will address itself
not only to themselves but all parlies.
Though compromises of principle and of
political and constitutional rights ore not to
be tolerated, yet in these matters they generally
prove useful and successful.
Now as lo the Laurens C. If route.
rrv I.I. -Hi -i i
U lllill IS piUSUOU llierO Will UC neiUUTSUUscription
nor but little freight from Southwest
uf the Saluda. That fine scction of
the State will be left hopelessly dependent
on had roads and want of a market. Laurens
itself, if certain <jf the route, and knowing
that it will eoine at least to its borders
or be carried through by others, may not fully
subscribe?she has as yet shown great
apathy. A direct route would not sufliciently
accommodate the middle and Southwestern
up-country of the State. The
Northeastern will find its facility and development
in the Columbia and Charlotte
itoad?a route that the State should probably
prefer to the Camden for that reason.
A ? T /? If .... t I 1
Aii niu j-juuicub n. rouic wouiu lioij uy
any means so effectually as the proposed
compromise route, develop the resources
and obtain the business of so largn and
productive a section of the State,
the latter is decidedly preferable, and
will cost butcompurtivcly little more. This
is the great and paramount consideration at
any rate that should govern alldelibcrations
and projects as to extending Rail roads
through the upper portion of the State. As
obtaining the generous aid of the State is a
leading consideration, and in all probability
indispensably necessary to the success ol
the enterprise, it should be observed that
this recommendation will address itself for
cibly to the mind of the Legislature. But ]
it should be particularly borne in mind that
enlisting through its interests and aroused
zeal, the power and influence of the strong
section Southwest of the Saluda, may have
a determining and favorable bearing upon
the liberality and enterprise of the common
mother. Let Laurens and all sections remember
this.
We can now realize the advantages of
the proposed compromise route?having
those of either or both the other routes, and
none of the objections, except that it may
cost a little more than one, though much
less than the oilier. Its distance would be
near about one and twenty miles, ten miles
1.. .1 1. _ T ?1 ?
uuiy inuiu man uiu J.jiiui ens (1. rouiu.
The extra gost would then bo, from this
fact, only 8100,000. A bridge across
Reedy River (a small stream) could not be
over $25,000, probably not $>5,000. The
subscription for this route by Laurens District
would, 1 think, be as large as for the
one by the Court House; but say it is less
by 8*25,000. Here then, in comparison
with the Abbeville route, we have and extra
sum to be made up of only $150,000 to
$400,000, a saving from not crossing the
Saluda River of $250,000. But, as the
portion of Abbeville and Anderson concerned
would have from one route nearly equal
advantages with those from the other, the$
should and would pay this $150,000, and
probably subscribe largely more, while the
Laurens subscription would be obtained
and saved to the general means of the Road,
instead of lost. '
It may well be estimated that the general
means of the Company, for the road
along the compromise route, 4o complete it
to Greenville, over and above the ejffra sum
for the extra length*may be increased
$100,000, upon considering the probable
amount of.,40(9' Abbeville, Anderson, and
Laurens 6&bscripiions,lhat it will command.
This royte, then, willferave. the advantage of
accommodating on the whole the larger
BfiAtinn r?f rr.iintrir nl tViA nMnriPOt rnel r/>_
gSj&ing the two together; wlfjL therefore be
tn^cQost easily carried out, and hereafter
th^cno8t profitable and qjgful; and will
prevBfejustice to, and r^jjhcile the feel?,
ings arfftj^ibserve the invests of, all sections.
X find thaT^ft^g^j^^^nen on both sides
| of the Saluda are disinclined ta either the
J Greenwood or Laurens Court House routes^
and prefer an extension of the Aiken and
Edgefield C. H. routes. This originally
would have been the best rout3. But if
the road be run to Newberry C. H., as it
undoubtedly will, I can but conclude that a^
; ' - >
I
Road from that point will be the most
practicable and cheap A road from Edgefield
G. II. to Anderson C. H. would cost
at least $S00,000, the distance being over
seventy miles. Edgefield, too; will not consent
to the extention of any connection. If
'i it be run into Anderson it will not approach
Saluda, nor can it go to Greenville. The
Columbia and <!reenville Road has the
slut and supersession of the Aiken route,
and has absorbed the body of the available
means of the country. Both cannot be
built, there would he neither mentis nor
profit. The Savannah River planters will
support neither Koail Those Saluda men
must now sec that their project is at this
stage and time not only too late, but hopeless.
Jjut if they cannot get what they prefer,
let them as sensible, wealthy and liberal
men, get what they can, and help the most
practicable enterprise. My proposition is
most favorable to their interests?it brings
the road to their own doors. Let them
come forward, then, in their strength.
Charleston and Columbia must perceive,
not only in the diaper cost and greater certainty
of the compromise route, but in the
fact that it will divert to them a trade that
otherwise is divided with Savannah, the assurance
to themselves of increased and certain
advantages.
It is earnestly to be hoped that all par
1 ~ ...:n ; 1 - -
iiw iinu outiwua win cuhjsiult mcsc suggestions
; thai all will determine to have as
the paramount consideration a road to
Greenville; and to this end that they will
come forward with their means and influence,
in a spirit of liberality, mutual concession
and enlarged enterprise. If they do,
the great work will be accomplished, and
great and permanent and increasing ends
will be achieved. C.
Laurkns District, July 26, 1847.
ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN RACES.
The "Mercury," of Charleston, in giving
some brief but interesting reminiscences of
Nehemathla. a chief ol the Seminolcs, relates
the following to show what is the tradition,
among this tribe of Indians at least,
in relation to the origin of the White, Red
and Black races:
In the progress of the nogotiation at
Camp Moultrie, in 1823, between the U. S.
Commissioners and the Indians, it became
important to ascertain the population of the
Seminole nation. By request, a census was
handed in by the chiefs, and on the commissioners
asking if the statement embraced
the blacks who were slaves, there was so
violent a burst cf indignation from Nehe
math la as to require rejoinder and reproof
from those who represented the U. States.
On explaining ihe motive of the inquiry,
however, that the commissioners, in the allotment
of territory, were desirous of providing
for the negro as well as for the Indian,
JNehcmathla was reconciled to the supposed
indignity cast upon his people, and
the negotiation proceeded and terminated
harmoniously. On the exchange of documents
and treaties, the commissioners received
the head chiefs of the Seminoles at
an entertainment. On the removal of the
cloth, (for Neheinothla, Blunt, and many
others were not ignorant of the forms and
courtesies of the dinner table,) and while
the glass was circulating. Nehemathla ad
verted to the unpleasant incident of the
morning, in which he had exhibited so
much temper. He stated, that they had
among them a wise man, a philosopher,
who had communion with the Great Spirit,
and that if agreeable to the commissioners,
it would be gratifying (o him that he should
be heard, that they might read in his revealments
the only apology ho had to offer for
the displeasure he had expressed on the
negro's being considered a member of the
Red Family. The wise man commenced:
" In the beginning the Great Spirit made
this earth, and he was pleased with its
hunting grounds,its rich soils, its mountains
and valleys, its oceans and rivers. He decreed
that he would people it. He labored
for seven days and he made a negro.?
Though gratified at this first of human beings
into whom he had blown the breath of
life, he was not satisfied. He worked seven
days more and produced an Indian.
Though more pleased with this second than
the first of his creation, he was not altogether
reconciled to the Red Skin. He returned
for seven days more to his labors, arid
me result was the White Man. He gazed
with admiration, upon this last as the perfection
of his works. But the Negro and
Indian were still alive; and what was to
be done to promote harmony and preserve
peace. The Spirit thought awhile and
assembled his three races of human beings,
at the same time placing before them three
huge boxes. On one was marked Hoes
and Axes, on another Bows atfd Arrows,
and on the third Books. He said,to the.negro,
as I made you first, in justice, you shall
have the first choice; he seclected the hoes
and axes. The Indian became, restless,
and frantic with apprehorision, and under
his native impulses;-Was almost in, posses
v.: f . . ' ,
.
?eg
sion of the box of bows and arrows before
the (Jreal Spirit said, 'You now choose.'
The bmx of Books fell to the white man?not
by accident, but by design.' With the most
emphatic action, the Indian philosopher
then said : " The Great Spirit has decreed
that the negro shall fell the forest and till
the soil to make subsistence for man. The
Indian shall roam the wilderness, and canoe
on the rivers, and in hunting and fishinrr
cjha!/- ! ? <-> " ? -1 ??* nit
<?.va j ii.i jiuiiuuc uiiu sujipun. jl nc
whito man shall read and gather those
stores of know I edge from which he is to derive
the rules for instructing and governing
the others. While these relations exist,
peace and harmony will prevail; disturb
them, and no other results can follow, but
annihilation of the Black and lied race.
The negro and Indian will disappear before
the march and rapacity of the white
man."
With prophetic instinct, Nehcmathla,
and his philosopher, seem to have predicted
what the ri' jiitionist is now attempting to
verity.
Advcliscuicnt of nil Honest Rum^cllcr.
Friends and neighbors! Having just
opened a commodious shoo for tlm nf
' Liquid Fire,' I embrace this early opportunity
of informing you that on Saturday
I shall commcnce the business of
making drunkards, paupers, and beggars,
for the sober, industrious, and respectable
to support.
I shall deal in 'familiar spirits,' which
shall excite men to deeds of riot and robbery,
and blood ; and by so doing diminish the
comforts, augment the expense, and endanthe
welfare of the community.
I will undertake at short notice, for asmall
sum, and with great expedition, to prepare
inmates for the asylum, the poor house, the
prison and the gallows.
I will furnish an article which will increase
the amount of fatal accidents, multi
ply the number of distressing diseases", and
render those harmless incurable.
1 will furnish a drug which shall deprive
some of life, many of reason, most proporty,
all of peace ; which shall cause fathers to
be fiends; wives, widows ; children orphans;
and all mendicats.
I will-cause the rising generation to grow
up in ignorance, and prove a burden and a t -
neusance to the nation.
I will cause mothers to forget their sucking
infants, virgins to forget their priceless
innocence.
I wilj corrupt the ministers of religeon
obstruct the progress of the Gosnel. defie the
purity of the church, and cause temporal,
spiritual, and eternal death ; and if any be
so imperetent as to inquire why I had the
audacity to bring snch accumulated misery
upon a comparative happy land, my honest
reply is, Money i
The spirit trade is the most lucratiue, and
professing Christians give it their cheerful
countenance.
I have a licence from the court, and if I i ,
do not bring these evils upon you; somebody . \ J-y
else will.
I live in a land of liberty.
1 have purchased the right to demolish
the character, destrov the health, shnrtpn
the lives, and ruin the souls of those who . 'V.' '
choose to honor me with their custom. .
I know that the Bible says ' thou shalt
not killthat it pronounces a woe upon him ' !
who giveth his neighbor strong drink ; and '
I also in the Divine Record that 'no drunk*;'*, ;
ard shall inherit the Kingdom of Heaven,'
and I cannot expect the drunkard maker to
share a better fate." Yet what else canM<Ida.
??
Can this be so??There is now Jiving,
in one of the chief towns of New Hampshire,
a woman who has had ten husbands, ; ^
all of whom are now living, upon the best , t <
of terms with her and each other. The _ cM&M
woman is highly respected among her
neighbors, who see nothing to censure, but
much to approve. Strange as it may appear,
an action for bigamy could .not be ^
sustained against her. > Wv*
Russia and Circassia.-?A letter from St.
Petersburg of the 4th ult. says:?" Immense - ;.t
preparations are being made in the Cauca- ! jjjfc,
sian provinces for the approaching cam- "
paign against the. mountaineers The.army
which is to act against them will be of nearly
150,000 men. We are assured that
soon as the Emperor shall be
covered from the/sickness withwiri^ hfiris^' .
at present afflicted, he will nWrenimself atlPv'
the head of the ""i" Bread
iN a of Flour.?^To ecable
all to kn^w how much bread <fon be? .
made of a-jfarrel of flour, the following^ex- ^