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/ \. | " LIBERTY AND MY NATIVE SOIL." ' ,;|&0LUME IY. !?----- - - - - ----- --i NUMBER 24. M , ' / | ABBEVILLE C. H., S. C., AUGUST 11, 1847. | * - jL ! 'Published every Wednesday Blorni^ by ,.V CHARLES H. ALlXN, ^ Vi EDITOR AXD PRorKlKTOK. J"- :'f- SL N& ^ ^ ? v V ONE DOLLAR AND FIFTY CENTS if paid Within threo months from tlK> time of subscribing, or TWO DOLLARS if ixiid within six months, ; %? and TWO DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS if Y'J&U-not paid until tlio end of tho year. No subscription ' tcceived for less than six months; and no paper discontinued until all arrearages are paid. Sub'""V?/ucriptions will lie continued unless notice bo given otherwise, previous to the close of volume. \ >.. . No paper will be sent out of tho State unless payment is made in advance. V ADVERTISEMENTS, inserted at 75 cts. per square of twelve lines for tho first insertion; and, 37 1-2 cts. for each continuance. Those not havimr tho desired number of insertions marked upon thern, '-.vi '-- will bo continued until ordered out and charged acSf||v cordi,,cly. ' : ESTKAYS, Tollod TWO DOLLARS, to be paid by the Magistrate. For announcing a Candidate TWO DOLLARS, V". in advance. The Postage must be paid upon all letters and communications to secure attention. | (WRITTEN FOR THE ABBEVILI.E BANNER.) '1 ' GEOLOGY, NO. 5. The practical importance to be derived - " from a knowledge of the rocks embraced in the secondary class, will be farther seen, ifefcidien we consider one or two morn of tbp pass by Grcyband and Fcrrias there is very little of associated with them, if we ex:.Hjbeg?^^iii&vhich is a sort of an omnibus lois found everywhere. CalcifcvB^gfaj*4rffeS,)s an important rock, not so much elf its intrinsic value, as from its ! Hi 'nern'?&.a^ associations. As its name foiijad. extensively th? canal district in MiddSo an JvVeftcraN.i? :?rk,overlaying the two tost fock^frentioneUi We not only nnd*3iere iIcommon iitfcrv stone?the car - ; , bonate <>t lime,?but extensive beds of gypsum?the sulphate of lime. During the ? v construction <jf- the "Great Erie Canal," a -i- niost opportune discovery was made, in that of the Silicious lime rock,, or as it is spmelimes callca water lime rock. This was i, L (precisely the article that wasjieeded in the Construction of the massive lofcks on the.catjal. This rock, when burned in the same 'ytP - 1 **<#!??* s:'\ " . .. manner in which the common limestone is burned, and th$gi pulverized by grinding, &gFv. and made into a pa&te, haB the peciiMhr propcrty of becoming, a hard cement under^wa-? ter-Mi property possessed J^sjpo othe^SbcIt fife* with which we dre ^cquaintetl. The comSf*" # ^ mon limestone,Ahe'to/psum, and the water Wfc - fallowing particulars: f.ls The first is burned.in aliilafpr a few days, |p? and thm slackened 1^-Jfouring water^on it; the result of which . is^|^at it becomes a fintiy. pulverized powder* The secbnd is not burned at.all?it is pimply ^jtound m a v common com mill,.into a< verjjfine ptf^rder^ Mi jvhen it is fit foruBeTin?^ffoulf|ttre, tfe arts W&k-:: and sciences. The ~third is httroedMn'the 111?, ' .same manner as ti^e .first; a^nd/ ^en gr^nd,, 1? .or poundeito a finis po^d||^p5et|i(jit a|pv. for the paste ffbpve. ffcifo seven or ^*zht difi^rcntl^m^il^a Wj'ffWy' Wm%} sum, all ol Mhich arc J ,'J!;^?P - We are. rat satisfied . tb^jOvpa^tn jever been fo^^n^any ,cpi^(iefd^l^ qu^a^, pf these arJficte^can be nr try-^-it would b\ useless tp spepd time in -luuiiiijg lurinein, Wmsff?>>f Thg most of \the common metals are $Ef|p:-- found in secondary countries, j*s wel]v;a|! gjjBfc - itt,primit?ve and transition. ^ j Wfr"- Comparative Futj&itive Powehs of iQiyBKN Afjp Dry Fodder fob Cattle,-? communication 'has been made tothe % * -'J Paris Academy of Sciences, by M. BbUsr * /?ingauit, on the comparative nutritive pow*' ^Bfe^^kwrt^ -'r y *--- ? ?? ? uiju ury iouuer iur cu.n^e? sceivea\opinion was, that nasrmine tViis point, M. Bousain3ler^altCTnat^lyj-?for ten days >011 green or dr^yfood, and difference in the Average therefore ctynea to tre concluftPy given THE AZTECS AND TOULTECS. What arc called the "Aztec ruins," in Mcxico, have excited very considerable interest. In the Endinburgh Christian Instructor for 1811, there is a Review of Humbolt's New Spain, from which we infllvfi tlip. fnllriwin<? f y!mot rnc>>or??i?in- ilim... b <VI.-|IV.V>lllg mi cmj; races:? "The Indian chronologors have fixed the aura of two distinct eruptions into thoir provinces, or those adjacent; that of the T< ultecs, previous to the year G77, and that of the Aztecs in 1245. The progress of both was from the north southwards; and they both adhered invariably to the ridge of the Cordilieries. With regard to these nations many interesting questions have been proposed. The Abbe Clavigero has shewn, that the Toultecs find Aztccs spoke the same language; a fact which determines the identity of their origin. The language itself, too, appears to have been of a particular character. It was rich, diversified, and fluent, and widely different, therefore, from that of any people in the infancy of improvement. It was, in truth, more like the speech of the Incas, than the rude and scanty dialects of the Otomites, and other Indian hordes. But whether this account refers to it in its early or in its advanced state, that is, when the Toultecsand Aztecs had respectively established themselves,and had long been settled in the country which they are known to have occupied, we have not tliO moo n^? rv f a o tiVb MIV llKdliO \J 1 (l^Ui Were tlie Toultecs Asiatics 1 Does the fact, that in some of tlieir monuments men are represented sitting with their legs crossed after the Eastern manner, imply that they came from Asia ? What account can be given of the harp, an emblem found in the hieroglyphical paintings of the Toultecs or Aztecs, yet remaining on the north-west /i AO c-t r\T A mon/*o * *?1* ?-* ui i>iuicii^u9 wi \> iiru iui(;igiiV/t; mil justly be drawn from it? Whence did the J Mexicans derive their knowledge of astronomy ? Whence the resemblance betXveen their temples, and the ancient monument of Babylon, called the mausoleum of Relirs ? a resembl?mce particularly alluded to by fl?. de Humboldt. Were the Touhecs.and Aztecs, Tartars ? Mangels ? Or were they of the same people with the Hiongnoux, (Huns) who by the account of the Chinese historians, emigrated in the 5th century, ?r.' a~.. .w~:- 1?i? ?i -i- -i uci x un\jii tnnil luuuer, uiiu uisujjpeurt'u in the wilds of Siberia? In attempting to answer these questions, men of genius and research have lost themselves in probabilities. There appears to be little doubt, however, that the Toultecs and Aztecs were of Asiatic origin ; but when we attempt to go farther than this general assertion, there are, perhaps, no very precise data on which an opinion may be founded. Ajter all, though it were demonstrated, that these Toultecs and Aztecs were Asiatics and were Huns, it would still remain a subject of inquiry, whether these Toujtecs or Aztecs were the first inhabitants of central America, or whether they only dispossessed the natives, and occupied their territory. In.the year 1245, the Aztecs, afterwards called the Mexicans, .had arrived at Chapoltepec. It was not, however, till the year 1325 that tjiey founded their city. An ancient tradition had been preserved among thetn./that wherever, in the course of their 1 TJ v "" - ? mugiuyuiia, ?iucy sxjlouiu ooserve an eagie p'erched up^ a nopal, (cactus,] thejdots ofhicti entered-ttifc?rey?res;ofa,rock, they should fix in'i^^lacfr the seat of their dominion, Q^<^'their worship. " Accordingly jrrthe yeeT^iest mentioned, orTa small isltfe^^e^gqescuco, the nopai, re^rrecl to oracle, was seen. On this ?ah^tl^ef^%^and on'those, which- .were contiguou^.to it, the Aztecs laid the furnla jjjpn '.of i*'And on^the spot -where the nopal found, they built; their 5&S^pah, TescaMft or Ho9?e of God; an erec rtion, to which the Spaniards, in the 16th centiwy, ^ve th^,na^^of the Great Tern-* o s described fry Pausapias. In the year 1486, an edifide of stone was raised on the consecrated I ground, by the.Qrder of kine: Ahuitzotl. Its form vvaa that 6f a pyyapQicij very securely J aid out, withQ 18foetbasef and it was truncated to so great a degree, that when seen at ja distance, it: had the appearance of an enormous cube. We kpuow not of what materials the TeocalH .was composed. All that is recorded is, that it jyas faced with stoiH. This, indeed, has beep completely I ascertained. Enormous if nnr. ^ 7o;~"'","rTy "T"" i? phyry, *rith a base of grannatem, 'filled ' with amphibeloS and vitreous fe^rpatb," have, from time to time, been dis^tered in the. site of the, ancient' edifipe, (where the i Cathedral of Mexico now stands^) and digging in the square, carved stones have hern found at the depth pf 80 feet. The ascent . v-. was by regular stairs, and on the top were small altars, protected by cupolas ; and here too was the 'stone of sacrifices,' that stone where so many human victims were annually put to death, in order to glut the revenge, or propitiate the favor of the god Mexith. It was the delight of the Aztcc priests to open with a knife, made of obsidian, the chests of these devoted persons, while yet alive, and having pulled out the heart, to mark, (as it vibrated upon the altar,) with a savage satisfaction, and with philosophical care, the last movements of j expiring nature. The obsidian (it/li) was sought lor, and dug from the earth for this very purpose. On other occasions, it was the nnirtir.fi to Ktrm tli? virlims nnlfiul nrwl I I V ?V?.WUJ Mliu | compel them, by torture, to dance before the image of (he god : and it is surely mournful to add, that to this fate, as well as that of a cruel death, the Spaniards taken during the retreat of Cortes on the "night of sorrow.' were unhappily subjected." THE HORRORS OF WAR. Description of the Arrival at Dresden, of a Rcvinant of Napoleon's Army in Russia. I was lately an eye witness of a terrible scene. The regiihent of the body guard that acquitted itself so manfully, at Minsk, had, in the retreat from Moscow, ho en altogether cut up, mainly by the fro^t. Of the whole regiment onlv about 70 men remain. * Mmnrln Knrlinw' orrlvn l\ir /Inrr*?? ' wri/va*vo Uiim: uy UUlj 111 111U | main, in a most pitiable plight. When they reach the Saxon border, they are assisted by their compassionate countrymen, ?v 5?' enable them to make the rest of.'he load-in some carriage or wagon. On Sunday for noon last I went to die Link esc kin Bad, and found a rrowd collected round a car, in which some soldiers had just returned from Kussia. No grade or grape could have so disfigured them as I beheld then the victims of the cold One of them had lost the upper joints of all his ten fingers, and he showed us the black stumps. Another looked as if he had been in the hands of the Turks, for he wanted both ears and nose. More horrible was the loolc of the third, whose eyes had been frozen; the eye lids hung down, rotting, and the globes of the eyes were hurst, and protruded out of their sockets. It was awfully hideous, and yet a more hideous spectacle was yet to present itself. Out of the straw, in the bottom of the car, I now beheld a figure creep painfully, which one could scarcely believe to be a human being, so wild and so distorted were the features. The lips were rotted away, and the teeth stood exposed. He pulled the cloth from before his mouth, and grinned on us like a death head. Then he burst out into a wild laughter ; began to give the word of command, in broken French, with a voice more like the bark of a dog than anything human, and we saw that the poor wretch was mad, from a frozen brain.? Suddenly, a cry was heard, " Henry 1 my Henry!" and a young girl rushed uo to the car. The poor lunatic rubbed his brow, as if trying to recollect where he was: he then stretched out his arms towards the destracted girl, and lifted himself up with his whole strength. A shuddering fever-fit came over him. v He fell collaspcd, and lay breathless on the straw. The girl was removed forcibly from the corpse. It was her bridegroom. Her agony now found vent in the most terrible imprecations against the French and tne Jiimperor, and her rage communicated itself to the crowd around, especially the women who were assembled in considerable numbers: they expressed their opinion in language the most fearfully frantic. I should advise no Frenchman to enter into such a mob; the name of the King himself; would help him little there: Such are the dragoon-teeth of wo which theCorsician Cadmus has sown. The crop rises superbly ;^aWd already I see, in spirit, the fields bristling with lances, the meadews wiih swords. You and I doubtless, will find out place among the reapers.?Reminiscenses of the year 1813, in Germany. TQjISGraceful.?The following resolution, -'with many others, was adopted at a public meeting in Michigan, at which Ex-Senator iNorvei presided, ino man wno justly appriciated and loved the privileges and duties of a freeman, could disgrace himself by' assenting to it. Resolved, That the practice which has for se veral years prevailed, of requiring the candidates for the Presidency to make public confession of their opinions on the passing political tropic of the times, is a departure from the example set in the earlier and purer days of the republic; that it would be unnecessary for Gen. Taylor to respond to pa}ls of the kind \ that no man ought to be c?.L- n .0. ?i cjcuicu iur iuts irresiuency, wuose integrity, character, principles and patriotism have pot been made sufficiently manifest by his prist life and conduct, and that the Chief Executive Magistrate of a country like this ought to be left' free and ufitammelled, to i&ct according to it3 varying circumstances and exi jencfej, ' u Vallhy of tiie Mississrn.?Mr. lienton, in his letter to the Chicago Convention, said,? ' The river navigation of the great West is the most wonderful oti the globe; and since the application of steam power to the propulsion of vessels, possesses the essential qualities of open navigation. Speed, distance, cheapness, magnitude of cargoes,are .,11 ..-.i ? ?* - ' i >in uikiu, aim w imuuL uiu perns 01 me sea from storms and enemies. The steamboat is the ship of the river, and linds in the Mississippi and its tributaries the amplest theatre lor the diffusion of Us use, and the display of its power. Wonderful river ; connected with seas by the head, and by the mouth?stretching its arms towards the Atlantic and the Pacific?lying in a valley which is a valley fiom the Gulf of Mexico to Hudson's Bay?drawing ils first waters ??# r,?.v, I i . < Iiui Hum luyyuu llidUIUUIUS, QUI 110111 Hie plateau of the Lakes in the centre of the Continent, and in communication with the sources of the St. Lawrence and the streams which take their course north to Hudson's B;iy?draining the largest extent of the richest land?collecting the products of every clime, even the frigid, to bear the whole to a genial market in the sunny South, and there to meet the products of the entire world. Such is the Mississippi! And who can calculate tUe-^iggregato of | Its advantages, and magnitude pf^U^uttire I commercial results ? | Many ycaj^ago, the lat^Govei7ior^!ark Jnnf &T3elf rfnd?rt<?ok;t(?'crilcu1at^. the extent of. the beatable. valley of tlic Mississippi; we made ll about 50.1)00 miles ! of which 30,000 were computed to unite above St. Louis, and 20,000 below. Ol course we counted all the infant streams on which a flat, a keel, or a batteau could K? 1 :??i- r uo iiuuiiuj iinu jusuy i ior every tributary of the humblest boatable character helps to swell not only the volume of the central waters, but of the commerce upon them." Silas Wright.?From Sacket's Harbor, I descended the St. Lawrence to Ogdens- ; burgh, and from thence by stage to Canton, to visit Governor Wright. j "Governor Wright and myself arc per- J sonal friends?besides, we both belong to I dm ? : ? 1 1 ' kuu u^inuv.1 tinu puny ; unci uiougll ne was J at the head of it in the State, and I somewhat nearer the caudie^ extremity, still extremes oft-times meet?and I took a friend's | privilege to visit him sociably. In the 1 morning after my arrival I accompanied him to the hay-field, and admired the ease and dignity with which he adorned his translation from public to private life. Ah ! sir, could you have seen him with his cool straw hat and cooler tow pants, and noted how dexterously he handled his scythe and neatly laid his swaths 1 Visions of Rnmnn I austerity and simplicity?Cincinnatus behind the plough, " the noblest Roman of them all"?danced before my sight, and. then swelled out in all the pomp and circumstance of a glorious reality. I could not but wish that I had a daguerreotype apparatus at hand to catch the portrait as it was, for the benefit of some future Livy, to illustrate and adorn his text. His excellency was in the best of spirits of health? me scurvy tricks ot fortune and party do not ruffle him a particle. Corr. Syracuse Star. Faith of an Indian TVIother.?If a mother lost her babe, she would cover it with bark and envelope it anxiotisly in the softest beaver skins; at the burial place she would put by its side its cradle, its beads and rattles ; and as a last service of maternal love, would draw milk from her bosom in a cup of bark, and burn it in the fire, that her infant might find nourishment in the land of shades. Yet the new born infant was buried, not as usual, on a scaffold, but by the wayside : so that its spirit might secretly steal into the bosom of some passing matron, and be born again under happier auspices. On burying her daughter, the unippewa mother adds, not snow shoes, beads and moccasins only,but (sad emblems of woman's lot in the wilderness,) the carrying belt and the paddle. "I know my daughter will be restored to me," on^said, as she clipped a lock of hair as a menfiorial, " by this lock of hair I shall discover her, for I shall take it with me," alluding to the day when she, too, with her carrying belt and paddle, and the little relic of her child, should passed through the grave to the dwelling place of her ancestors. Bancroft's History. - v A western editor, having studied for two weeks-to make some poetry, finally succeeded. Here is a specimen of the production: All hail to the land where freedom was born AU hail to the land where daddy hoqd corn He stacked the hoe into the ground, - FROM THE GRENADA PRESS. It is Hard for tlie loimg to l>ic. It is hard lor tho young to die ! To pass to tho grave's cold night, When their azuro morning sky With tho coming nun is blight; When rustic the draperied trees, And the flowers beirin to hlonm. I And give to tho waiting breeze Their blushes and perfume. It is Jmrd for tho young to dio! To fado from tiio world away, "When their thoughts arc Hushing high With the golden gleams of day: When IIopo's empurpled wing, Still raying rosy mirth, O'ershadows everything, i And makes a heaven of eartlu It is hard for the young to die ! vvimi. I I I itV?k KIIVU WURO H? J?WI? UC^ViMj To have broken tlie dearest tie, And know that tho raco is run. To havo shattered Lifo's jcwcl'd bowl, With Love's ruby drops, that hold A charm for tho raptured soul, In tho wave of their ruddy gold. It is hard for tho young to dio! It is sorrow to dopart, When tho heart, that respires to sigh," Is pledged to a living heart! But ever to tho grave's cold night, In tho joy of Love's holiest day, While tho prospocts arc opening bright, Must tho young still pass away. Myrtle. '-<*? Diversity of Features.?It is a Very evident proof of the adorable wisdom of God, ihat, although the bodies of men are ' so coil formed to each other in their essentisdljiarts, yet thore is so great a difference in their external appearance that they may be easily and infallibly distinguished. Among so many millions of men there are no two perfectly alike. Each has something peculiar which distinguishes him from all others, either in face, voice, or manner of . snenK'innr Thn vnvipfv in fapp ia tho mAi.n -1 t>- J ? ??vxw astonishing bccause the parts which compose the human face are few in number, : and are disposed in every person according - V to the same plan. If all things had been 'v ::Y-. produced by blind chance, the face of men must as nearly resemble each other as eggs laid by the same bird, balls cast in the samQ mould, or drops of water from the same bucUet. But this is not the case; we must v admire the infinite wisdom of the Creator, which in diversifying the features of the face in so admirable a manner, has evidently the happiness of man in view. For, if they resembled oach other perfectly, so that they could not be distinguished each from each, it would occasion an infinity of inconveniences, mistakes, and deceptions in society. No man could ever be sure of his life, nor of the peaceable possession of his nron erty. Thieves and cut throats^ould run noriskof being discovered, if they could not be known again by the features of.their face or the sou ndof their voice. Adulttifjfctheft, and other crimes would go unpunished,' because the guilty could scarcely ever b? discerned.; / We should be every moment exposed to the malice of wicked and envious men; and we could not guard against an infinity of mis- ? "f/ to Irno (Vo uric ?r*/1 A 1 kuu.bgj uuuuo, u IIU lllioucilicunura. . AliU what uncertainty would there be in judicia-. , jy proceedings, in sales, transfers, bargains. ' VV and commerce. What confusion in commerce! What frauds and briberyin respect-' . to witnesses? Finally, the uni^mity^nd^ perfect similitude of face would deprive hu- : man society of a gTcat part' of its .charm^'^4;?^Vr^ considerably diminish the pleasures which men find in conversing with each other. The variety of features constitute a part of the plan of Divine government, and is a r Vn.i aumitig jjjluui ui uiu iciiuci uam ui u(x1 lo? wards us; for it is manifest that not onlythe^.^/ general structure of the body, but allso the;^%^|p& disposition of its particular parts, havebeen y r; executed with the greatest wisdom;-/ Every.v where wc behold variety connected uniformity, whence result the order, pro-, .' portion, and'beauty lapse 01 nours, days, and weeks, and never^HHBH dreaming of their responsibilities J but as a ne^sSary consequence of^egle^of duty, growing weary of their useless lives', paying hold of every newly indented stimuljni to;^ arouse the drooping oneirics, and their fate, when they daro not ,bLamo their ; . God, for having placed them where they aTe. These individuals will often tell you%ijfe^^aSI