I.
"liberty ano my native soil." j,
VOLUME IV. - ? ? ; NliJIlSEB- 23.
ABBEVILLE C. H? S. C, AUGUST 4, 1847.
~u- i
1'ublislicd every Wednesday Morning li
CHARLES H. ALLEN,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
ONE DOLLAR AND FIFTY CENTS if pai
within tlirco mouths from tho time of subscribing
or TWO DOLLARS if paid within six months
and TWO DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS i
not paid until tho end of tho year. No subscriptioi
received for less than six months; and no pape
discontinued until all arrearages aro paid. Sub
scriptions will bo continued unless notice bo givei
otherwise, previous to the closo of volume.
No paper will be sent out of tho State unles
payment is made in advance.
ADVERTISEMENTS, inserted at 75 cts. pe:
square of twelve lines for tho first insertion ; and
37 1-2 cts. for each continuancc. Those not having
the desired number of insertions marked upon them
will be continued until ordered out and charged accordingly.
ESTRAYS, Tolled TWO DOLLARS, to be
paid by tho Magistrate.
For announcing a Candidate TWO DOLLARS,
in advance.
Tho Postage must bo paid upon all letters and
communications to secure attention.
(written for the abbeville n.wvfii 'i
GEOLOGY, NO. 4 .
We approach now the secondary class of
rocks?in many respects the most impor"
tant class of all. Certainly, by far the most
important we have considered. These rocks
occur in the following order : 1. Mill Stone
Grit; 2. Saliferous rock; 3. Grey Band;
4. Ferriferous Slate; 5. Ferriferous Sand
Rock; G. Calciferous Slate; 7. Geodiferous
Lime Rock ; 8. Cornitiferous Lime
Rock: 0. Pyritiferous Rock.
This class contains animal and vegeta
blc petrifactions, of a higher order. They
arc derived from fresh water, and dry land,
as well as from maratime regions. Hence,
these rock must have been formed not only
cubs'tjnenl to the transition series, but subsequent
to the creation of the animals, and vegetables
imbedded in them and these animals,
and vegetables must have been the
subjects of a distinct creation, after the perfect
development of <he transition class.?
The secondary class, extends over a wide
scope of country, and some of tfac most important
rocks knewn are embraced in this
series. We arc indebted to the first for
some ofofcr rarll stones ofun exceiJont f(ual- '
ity, as for iftstafccG the teletrated Esopus I
mill stonce. -AH Oniie mill SlOTlCS qunrrrca i
in tills country, however are obtained from
Granite. The alifr.rous rock is perhaps
the most important, as wett as the most interesting
rock known. It is so regarded on
the Eastern Continent, and it is equally
important here, when toe consider i'ts relation
to some of the minerals associated with
it. It is a mooted question, whether this
roclc does riot invariably tie upon immense
coal regions, and the evidence so for as it is
known, preponderates in favor of the supposition.
In fact alhof the positive testimony
is in the affirmative. The question is settled,
that all of the rock salt, as well as all of the
salt springs in the known world are associated
with this rock. All of the salt springs
within the canal districts of New York.,
numbering over 50, occur in this rock.?
We have often heard the remark made, that
there were "salt licks" in Abbeville, and
Edgefield. T/iis is not so?it is Geologically
impossibje, There never has been?
' there never will be, any salt found " in
place" in South Carolina, North Carolina]
or Georgia, except it be in the extreme up
per corner of the latter State, bordering or
Tennessee, and Alabama. Whilst upon
,the subject of salt, we will remark that al
of the fine salt of New York, which embra
ces nearly all of the fine salt of commerce
is manufactured by boiliyg the water obgatfted
from salt springs. Tfrefie was nori<
made jo New York in any other way unti
1821, when the large Evaporating work;
(by solar heat) were put in operation a
Syracuse. This constitutes the coarse sal
pf Jtew York, which embraces nineteei
twentieths of the salt used in this country
At the time referred to, Syracuse to ou
certain knowledge, had not more than tw
decent dwellings in it, and these were onl
passably so. Scientia.
Locusts^-?The seventeen year Locusl
have made their appearance it) immens
t numbers in the Westem part of N. Caro Ji pt
^^Jteventeen years aga ihey visited the 8 am
mm
iy ^is (reported for the aubkvii.le iiaxnkr.)
Kail Itoad meeting.
A large number of citizens assembled at
Gl'ecnwood on the 21th July, lor the purpose
of considering the project of building
a Rail Road from Columbia, thiough Abbeville,
to Greenville village. On motion
lf of Maj. Eddins, Gen. Gillam was callcd to
r the Chair, and Mr. F. A. Conner and Dr.
" J. Marshall appointed Secretaries.
The Chairman stated the object of the
s meeting, and solicited tlmt flmrmn ,.f
?
r rest in the subject that its importance de>
manded.
Mr. Nance, of Newberry, was then eal
led upon, and responded in a speech of
, sound sense and practical views, showing
the advantages of a rail road.
Mr. L'erriu next responded to a call.and
lie disappointed some of his friends in the
warm stand he took in favor of the road. He
showed, satisfactorily, the cause of his lukewarm
ness on the subject for some months
past, and vindicated himself by an exposi-1
(ion of his own course, at various meetings
of the stockholders in Columbia, during tin;
* O
session of the Legislature, which was con
firmed l>y several of the Newberry delegates,
and which showed that, as lie said,
he always had been, and was still, a friend
to the road. We think it due to Mr. Perrin
to be thus particular, because lie evidently
has been misrepresented.
Mr. Pope, of Nuwberry, was then called
upon, and he showed the importance of Abbeville's
pushing forward this route: that
the chance of getting a road to Aiken was
hopeless?because the people of Edgefield
vn.-iu u|)|joseu 10 11?unci she would be
thrown entirely on her own resources to
build it if she ever got one : that Newberry
was in favor of this route: that Columbia*A
was, and that the practical business men o
Charleston would be : that the enhanced
value of land in ten miiesof the road wouiu
more than pay all the stock that would be
taken in the District: that the pine lands
on the Charleston and Hamburg road had
advanced from 50 cents to three or four
dollars. He appealed to the Chairman to
->f KisJtra^iJ-..1 -i- , , - 't-vti'-ui I
ol using the road ana his neighbor's nvra~
not, whether he would give his tor two of
his neighbor's. ^
Ms, Heller gave us a fine speech in a
riclrjrkiw of sarcasm, denouncing "masterly
inactivity" in building rail roads : that if
we wanted a road, we must go to work in
earnest ;-, speeches could not ^
vvnnld tsikft monn.v jirul wp. nnt be
. J ' ~-?T ""
gin at the top of the pile wtiere the small
bills are placed, but at the bottom, and
draw out the large one and a good many
of therti.
Mr. Summer, of Newberry, also made
an interesting speech of milch information.
He said that as rail roads became older,*,
the net proceeds increased : that the business
of a certain road in Massachusetts had
increased to such an extent, that they had
it in contemplation to lay down another
track hy the side of the old one, &c.
Mr. Fair also ^nado vsome interesting
l statements in reference to the business and
( plans of the direction, &c.
At this stage of the proceedings, another
i subject was brought before the meeting
i by th&a'eating committee," which was dis1
cussed in*8xleri&d}by the whole assembly.
In the afternoon, IMCr. Read, of Anderson,
, charmed the audience for some time in a
brilliant speech^. it"as his opinion
3 that the surplus funds in the Statd'lreasury^
1 would be appropriated to the building of
s roads: that three or four roads were in
t contemplation, to run through different
It parts of the State : that the people were inn
terested. in the subject of rail roads: that
r. they wanted the fund, and ought to have it:
ir that there was no chance for the Aiken
H vnnrl fVififr 11 \uac ir\ fV?n intopDcf nP tKn
v ?vmv4 >iiub xv ??ug kv biiv iiikvtvgv wi biiu
y stock-holders to cross tho Saluda?because
moro trade would pass down the road. He
. 'gave some very interesting and reasonable
is calculations of the business of tho road?
e the cotton, corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, irom
i. bacolrf, feathers, &c. &c., that would pass
& down the road?-the income and expenses
?and that the stock would yield an intp.
:;<> ' / '; . r;> v
rest greatly over seven per cent. If such
speeches cannot arouse tho people of Abbeville
to their own interest, they are sounder
asleep than ever Rip Van Winkle was.
] '. A. Connor, ) 0 .
i?. ;u ? > Secretaries.
.1 os IA IIS 11 A f. l, ^
Julv 21. 1817.
- : />
T?.. it... rn ' ?
jl i\j 111 liic jl emperancc jvavocalc
Anniversary K<>p?ri
(If the Abbeville District Tcmpcrunec Socicly.
Your committee regret that they cannot
report as Haltering a condition of the
temperance cause, as it was their privilege
to detail at the last Anniversary meeting.
Not that the cause has lost any oi" its importance
in the estimation of its true friends.
The cause of Temperance, like that of religion,
is subject to its reverses?its ups
and downs?its seasons of excitement, and
its seasons of decline. Is there a Christian
present, who does not mourn over the guilty
apathy that is pervading the different
branches of the Christian Church at this
time, in regard to our holy religion? And
shall this apathy be construed into an acknowledgement
on our part, that Christianity
has lost any of its importance in our es
lunation ; uertamly not. Those seasons
of declension rid the Church of much of its
dead weight?much of its etletc matter, and
although it is true, that whilst the chuff is
being blown away, an oocassional grain of
wheat may become commingled with the
chaff, and at least for a time be lost, it is believed,
that by far the greater majority of
sincere Christians remain linn and true to
their profession. Just so with the temperance
cause. Its true friends?those who
are temperance- men from principal, may
relax in their zeal, but they are not to be
driven from their position by any reverses
vt11 nn rv*'WIax rv, -- * 1
ui luituiivj ii</ iiiuubi nuiii wiiiii quarter
comes?whetlies from the apathy of its friends,
or from the calumny of its enemies.
A temperance man who can be driven from
his position by scurrillous abuse, is, in our
opinion, no man at all. He may be among
us, but he is not of us?in our ranks, but not
from principle. Whiist we iooic with pity,
from however, upon denunciation and abuse
our enemies, we must not resort to the use
of such weapons ourselves. Mankind may
be led to embrace temperance principles, we
are satisfied, however they cannot be driven.
fIT_ * " *
vvc are speaKing now ot the great body of; I
those who arc not in our ran Its. There isil
a class of opponents, for whom forbearace n
on our part, is anything but a virtue. We J
IS?- ?, 0? *
by some effectual means. Men who are engaged
in this busines, are the greatest pests
to society. They corrupt not onlv our
while population, but our slave populatidftV-;
In this remark we jntlijde the gjceai%i&ss',
of the up-country whiskey, vVaiggons?r4he
travelling grog-slVflps ' of th6 land^j^Vith
the light that ha^be'enbroughUobea'r;trp6u
the demoralizing effects of the traffic in'ardent
spijrii^within the last twenty-years,.iu
is questionable whether th^rp j^-one man
in fiftv^vvhc engages in it, -wh<ethor under
the sanction of a licence or may?
not be regarded in the ligiu 9&L corruptor of
our;3laVrpop?lat|on. ^.-Whilst all^good men
jfdinit that it is a fraught
nfendous evils, .it ia?*unfor^unatp that^^pe\
effectual na^ns ^nus?$>? Revised, whicfe*
will unite'tKe energies of all such, ajM'
which will eventuate in its utter and ejiure
overthrow. This oaqft-"effected ^rfrid the
cause of temperance is eafe.
*- 1 ?: ? ?- r< ... !!? 11
xn conclusion juur vuiuiniuee wouiu
subriiit that in their opinion the temperance*
cause is in more danger from the apathy
of its friends,from,jthe opposition of its
enemies, Entgjtainiqg this opinion, they,
would respectfully ma"ke the folie\Vingif^ig<'
g'estions :
1. That the Secretary of each LocajSo-i
ciety be requested to furnish, as early
possible, the Secretary of the District Society
with the names of all living withjn the
bounds of his Society, wlwxwpuld be willling1
to deliver temperanco^rodresses, and
that.. the names of $11 such gentlemen
be entered upoELa..page' of the District TemPresident
of the District
Temperance Societyj^Uh the. ^id of those
he may please to him, do,
withj# the present yearj^Ipfoint a series of
tenvj&i&nce meetings throughout the Districtjj^jhat
these meetings bo* not confined
to Tjmierance Societies.'i^oife,?and that
he appaiflt speakers to addiess the different
meetingPfc^
3. That arlljf^^jg^Btmcnt of a temperance
meeting, the friends of the causc should
exert themselves to procure as general an
attendance's possible.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Isaac Branch, Chairman.
( Experiments in Blacksmithino?^awr
ing heated iron or steel, is not known or
1 thought of by blacksmiths; and when se-1
veral forks or branches are to be formed
' rf < . ' ' */& '.?;* - ;} .
. ' 'V' *
' 1 '. ?
i-'. '..l- . ; I..; v. ..
I
front one stock even if the branches are to
remain, eventually, nearly in contact and
parallel to each other, the usuj! method is
to split the end of the iron with an awkward
cold chisel ; thereby deforming the
) - -
uuu vm uiiuii uranca ; on wlucti account the
branches must he bent assunder for the purpose
of hammering, shaping, and squaring
the cud of each, after which they urc brought
together as well as may be. usually retaining
a roughness in form, if not a deficiency
in size and strength, near the juncture of
the branches. Instead of this tedious process,
the iron when heated may he put into
a vice, and the ends may he readily split
by a suitable saw, which would save much
labor and hammering and filing. A saw
fit lor this purpose should he thicker at the
edge than at the back, and with uniform
teeth, about one 12th of an inch apart. The
saw when used must bo often dipped in
water, to prevent its becoming too much
heated. There is also a method of sawing
or cutting hardened steel which is not so
generally known as it should be. A circular
piece of common thin iron plate, or
sheet iron, being adjusted to a lathe, or by
other means put in a violent rotary motion,
will readily cut off a lile. a cuttmir ?n#.l
tempered steel spring, without drawing or
reducing the leniper. There is much mystery
in the ellect of this buz, and its cutting
property is attributed to electricity. It answers
a very convenient purpose, however; i
when the shape and form of articles are required
to be altered without eilecting their ]
temper. It furnishes a convenient method
for cutting teeth to large saws, but is objec- <
tionable on account of the newly cut sur- ]
lace being left, so hard that they cannot be
readily filed. Connected with the subjects i
ol "mvterious effects," it may be stated thnt .?
a bar of iron of almost any size, - <u. .Ve" (J
instantly sun/'f recj while hot. '.no simple *
application of a common jvm of brimstone. '
A knowledge of this fact will he usef--' f
when some piece of iron work is to h se" .
yered, but which, as some times cas.e> 11
is so constructed and situated--'"/11 P? 01', "
nary chisel or cuttino- to- : crin oe brought p
to sppf". TIolos mp?'e instantly perfora- b
ted through bar? -' 'T^tes oi heaiou itCf. by h
the pppiicfl4*^11 ?* pointed pieces of brim- t!
scone. This phenomenon is curious, al- t
though it seldom affords much practical ti
utility.?Scientific A erica/i. v
: - - * rJ
i he Luxury, of Ancient Ro^ie.?rl
he Roman knight at morning' threw ^
fcis coverlet wrought with needle work at b
whieTTm^Mjd raised the tapestry of Tyre n
ber. .<ru*/,-his cliam- d
pf which glistened wUH^tlla marble of Alex- i
andria beautifullj?adorned with Nurtiidiun t
carvings. ^ Mm tended to his dining j-qdm; f
furnished>^thi?STecian, statuary arid pic- <
furcs, sunk updlf ms P^rsi^n couch, and,in- i
stea^d of sitting at;tablewk?his sturdy .ari-i|
cc?tors, reclined "tffter Ihe^fashion of thai<
AMrt/l t r. t 1.3 rt Xtf*tniA -vl r-i ^ -1* f\n m
tUIIHUCiuu uaai. liu ,-muic ma iv>tcio un
ffh-pqr from the land of the-JKhar^hs andmi
Ptolemies, and read fitful pjM^tacx^fh^ntfwi
fagtuwd at Pergamui I^e anoij^&hjmffl'i
self with jtfce perfumes of^abia the.?a?g| i
The iron ot Spafti served hi'tri for
Iiy{ce -t jj
ter was hortyft- by
Twenty choseu frier3s were
to partake thereof.^ V :,
will, which detailed the dishes Wh\c|TO^!3
to compose tK'is
cate viands, the
choicest wines were to be serveditfjab^ndance.
The guests were, also held to drink#
a toast to the memory'of tfieir dcfuricV friend.
The legacy was trT*hold-good so long as
one should remain of the guests named in .
the testament, and not till then m anywise
was it to be alienated. After the death of
the last man, the twentieth friend, the 2,000
francs were provided for. The diminution
which might annually result in the number
of the guests was to change in no wise the
feast; the 2.00U francs were to be expended
ou ay (Mic remained.
The first year the twenty guests were
present; the following two, were missing;
and five years later there were hut sixteen ;
at the end of 10 years there were but four1
teen ; al the expiration of'20 years but eight
survived?and yet the feast retained all its
original pomp and magnificence.
Last year but two were present?of the
twenty guests but two only, who were seated
opposite each other at this table so abundantly
served. Six had fallen since the
preceding festival. This immense vacuum
cast a prolbund glootn over the commencement
of the repast. The two survivors
knew each other but slightly, never having
met. but at this table, for twenty-four
years. Their positions were also widely
different; one was rich, the other had exnnrlnn
n;*cisvs 01 lortune. and was on
ihe verge of destitution. The rich and the
poor, therefore, coldly partook of the first
course ; but there were toasts to be offerjact
to the absent, so that gaiety succeeded?
whilst the poor man forgot his .misery and
the rich one his fortune, with which he
might liaVe relieved his less fortunate companion.
Last week brought again the auhersary
of the feast, which was as sumptuously prepared
as its predecessor*; in a magnificent
I? II . / .1
luiu, lasieiuuy dscoratedj
5or inafi^J? f3
ist winter; s(
otnic display
reve reserved
ast, for^hiQl
ccn eXDehdCC
o wjii thp fcej
[is ted i
vas n<k>^9 ?g
SSjaS^g il
ehotd |&eri
iiinc o|everj
iancvPl^n; ' ., . M '^1
jrines