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VOLUME XXI. 14 DEC.iUol CAMDEN, SQUTH<)AROLINA/ TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 4, ISGO. NUMBER 49. ^
- The Governor's Message,
Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives
:
Nothing has trauspircd, since your recent
Extra Session, that requires any special notice.
The past year has been remarkable for the unprecedented
health with which our citizens
have been blessed; and, although the crop,
. both of cotton and grain, is again a short one,
jet with a wise economy, very little if any,
breadstuff's will have to be imported from other
[ ; States, and the cotton crop will, in all probability,
enable the planter to meet his ordinary
liabilities by bringing a fair and remunerating
Dricc. For these favors, and particularly for
our good health, we should always bear in
^ " mind the source from whence they come, and
* with grateful hearts and earnest voices, send
up to the throne of grace our sincere thanks
for such rich blessings, to liberally bestowed
upon us. And while we appoint days of humiliation
and prayer, and invoke each other to
? observe them, let us not forget that we, too,
should call upomGod to sustain us in this crisis
r of onr country's history, and give us the wisdom
to plan and the energy to perfect onr own,
and contribute to the deliverance of the South.
> In providing for the "Improvement of the
Port of Charleston, and .the dredging in the
Peach or Maffit Channel," the Legislature
made an apppropriation of ?30,000, but for
soinc reason, the report naming Commissioners
to superintend the work, and agreed to by
' Loth Houses, was mislaid, and as it was cviGently
the intention of tiie Legislature to have
the work carried on, having appropriated funds
for the purpose, I took the responsibility of appointing
Commissioners to superintend the
work,.and. selected those that were named in
-the report of the Committee of the House of
[Representatives.
Catawba Indians.?In my.last annual message,
I recommended that a small appropriation
be made to pay the traveling expenses of
- ^ ' . two or three of the head men of the Catawbas,
who desired to go on a visit to examine the
Choctaw country, and report to the tribe on
their return, hoping that a favorable report
wnirvltf iwrln/tA flwnn nil tn rnmrtVA U'ucK Til
I this expectation, I have not been disappointed.".
The appropriation of five hundred dollar?,
fit 3n consequence of the excitement and pressure
of business at the last session, not being*placed
in a condition to be drawn from the treasury
_ Ly the Indian Agent,.it becomes necessary rir
n>e to advance the money out of the coiitin^
gent fund of the Executive Department, and
Mr. D. J. Rice, Indian Agent, accompanied l?y
AHau and John Harris, two of the chiefs, started
on the 10th July last, to visit and examine
the" Choctaw conntry, and returned on the
29th August Unfortunately, Allan Ilairis
died soon after his arrival at his destination ;
bnt notwithstanding this great calamity, John
JGs-rris was so pleased with the country, and
the rccOJition lie met with, thai he determined
to remain-, an^ has writtcu such a flattering
letter to his tribe, depicii"g the great advantages
to be derived from n rci^cval to conntrr,
- i and this account has bc?n softdiy IjWWjCi^'anu |
. 5 *.. J -confirmed by the Iudiau Agent, ~ that ;forly I
seven out of the fifty-fivo^of tho^Iudiajis pviiig .|
have signed aj>etition to~?Jbv. D: WJ
Leflore and the Choctaw Council, paying for .&?
^ admission into the Choctaw nation. The [C(
- *? J... A..*.he
.y> Council met on tJie J.si Aiouuay ill VtlUWv I ? "
last, and although no information has been re- .c'|
ceived by nie of their decision, yet fioin the w''
opinion of-the Indian Agent, derived from fre- CI
y ' qaent conversations with the leading men, ["c
/ there is no reasonable doubt but their applica^
/ tion has been favorably received by the Conn- nt
f cil, and citizens!)ip granted to them on favor- lo
able terms, considering the advantages that P1
will be enjoyed by tbe almost extinct Catawba to
tribe. The Congress of the United States sc
made an appropriation of five thousand dollars *e
in the year 1855, to remove the Catawba In- 1,1
dians; but, as it was not called for, it lapsed ?*
into the general treasury iu July, 1857, and c<
cannot be used without a re appropriation by :;l
Congress. My recommendation at the last
session, that an application be made to Congress
for a rc-appropriation, must be now withdrawn,
and we must look to South Carolina '1
.alone to furnish the means for .their removal "
With this statement of facts, the matter is loft "
1o your discretion, and you can best judge "
whether funds can be now spared to effect so n
? -desirable an object. s'
State Geologist.?Oscar M. Lic-ber has, :l
on the second of April last, tendered to me his
?,je Sf.,tAlthough at
- --- -o , <, .
the last session of the Legislature the office c'
-was continned for the current year, and Mr. a
Lit-bcr appointed to fill it, yet the nppropria- s
tion for liis salary and expenses was stricken 1
from the appropriation bill, and lie had no altcrnativc
but to resign, or serve the State grat- c
| uitously. Upon consultation with me, I ad vis- a
i -ed Mr. Lieber not to resign until he had com- r
pletcd the last report, that it might, together 1
with those previously published, embrace the 1
statements concerning everything of import- '
* a nee which had been observed or effected during
the four years of his service. He has al- 1
so prepared a glossary and index for the four 1
reports, without which their value would be !
greatly lessened. Three months has been ne- 1
cessary to perfect the report, index, ike., and '
1 recommend that he be paid for said services 1
in proportion to his salary.
Dikicct Trade.?There can be no difference '
of opinion on the great importance of estah- I
lishing direct trade between*Charleston and '
Liverpool, or any other country with which we '
can exchange commodities. In the Union, it
^ was important and necessary to our commer-.
<-inl prosperity to divert a part of the coinItncrcc
of the world from New fork and other
Northern cities to the city of Charleston, and
thus build tip a great commercial emporium,
with ability to supply our own and the merchants
of the neigh boring States, with a cheap
and well filled market, from which in turn,
they could supply their customers in the interior
towns and villages.
In view of the secession of South Carolina
from the Union, it becomes doubly important,
and absolutely necessary, that we must have
direct trade with Europe and the continent;
and as a large amount of capital is necessary,
and there will be some risk in tbe beginning
of such an enterprise, I would recommend !
that the Legislature should to some extent fosk
ter and encourage such enterprises by taking
5iport themselves a part of the losses that
|] might follow the effort to establish direct trade.
Some enterprising citizens of Charleston proW
pose to establish a line of steam Propellers between
Charleston and Liverpool, and ask the
tn imaraiitee an interest of five per cent.
per annum upon the capital invested in the
stcameis, as long as tlicv shall continue in the
.service. This seems to me to lie a very lair
and reasonable proposition. It cannot possibly
he a speculation on the pait of its projectors,
because in no event will they receive
V more than five per cent., and at this time at a
\ much higher rate of interest. If the enterprise
should turn out to be profitable, the State
< x will have nothing to pay, and the certainty
that the parties will realize five percent, under
any circumstances, will certainly not prevent
MB then) f.um. using great exertions to make a
?1larger dividend. The benefits are not confined
R to thecitv of Charleston alone: even- thing
that facilitates commerce and cheapens merchandise
will benefit alike all parties of the
State, and should meet with general encouragement.
If it is feared that these steamers
may be continued in the service after all hope
of profit has ceased, and a perpetual tax thus
entailed upon the State, provision may be
made for discontinuing them in a given time,
or some other safeguards may in the wisdom ot
the Legislature be thrown around the enterprise,
so as to prevent any unnecessary and
useless expenditure of public money.
Tim Lcnatic Asylum.?This Institution,
under the excellent management of Dr. Parker
and the liegents, lias realized more than
could have been expected, or even hoped for
from its founders; and the curative results of
the present year surpass the success of former
years, and compare favorably with the reports
of the best Insane Hospitals in oilier States.?
\t_. i 1 i..?,
liv auuiuuiit uiut uwuiiun aiuii; \ win mutting,
and 110 epidemic disease has, to any extent,
visited the asylum. At the beginning of
the year there were 194 patients, 09 have
been received since, making the number under
treatment 203; of whom, 37 have been sent
home cured, 8 removed, and 20 died, leaving
102. Of those who died, a large majority were
marked in last year's Tabular Statement, as
infirm in body, and hopelessly insane. Many
applications of males, for admission from other
States, were m?dc, ami had to be refused for
want of room ; and for the same reason, male
slaves from our own State could not l>c received.
r'
I would respectfully suggest, that humanity
and good policy dictate unit the accommodations
should be further increased, until room
enough is prepared for at 'cast all sexes and
colors in our own State. South Carolina, in
view of the bright career of greatness and glory
that awaits her, should not be indifferent or
insensible to the sufferings of the humblest of
her children, but extend her maternal hand to
lessen and alleviate their sufferings.
Tuk Laws.?In looking forward to the separate
nationality of South Carolina, many changes
will have to be made in existing laws, a part
of which, you no doubt, will be directed to do,
by an ordinance of tlic Convention of ihe people
soon to assemble; but it may not be improper
to bring to your notice the importance
o*' a speedy postal arrangement, to supply the
oik under the control of the Federal Government.
I am authorized to say, that the Postmaster
at Charleston, Lion. Alfred linger, than
whom a purer patriot never lived, will, as soon
as the State resumes her sovereignty by an ordinance
of her Convention, sever his connection
with the Federal Government, and obey
it a!... i... i* i
any can me oiaii* niii> mruvc uuuii nnu jur iii?
services. This movement, together with the
resignation of all other postmasters, will enable
the State to act without embarrassment, in
establishing for herself postal arrangements. As
a temporary expedient, an arrangement might
be made with the Adams Express Company,
to carry the mails, until a postal arrangement
of a permanent character could be established,
the details of which,' must, to some extent,
depend upon the action of other SouthernStnik
The duties of the Governor !u AitUCO. will
necessarily be arduous .and .responsible, and Ijc
ria^ii^irtafcitvmirii ilm
10 may have otlicial business to transact with t]
in. .Mv experience satisfies me, that it will h
piiro all the time of the Executive, with such f
Ip as may. be given him by a secretary and :l
irk, to discharge the responsible duties that s
11 devolve on him in the new position, as a
lief of an independent State ; and I therefore t
commend that the salary of the Governor be c
creased ; that he be furnished with a house fi
> i i? ?l,,. s
id niniuuiT, ana oe wjuncu iriuv ...
wn of Columbia; also, that the salary of his n
ivate Secretary he increased, to enable him I
command the services, not only of a nfcrc
ribe, but of an intelligent, active, and ednca- I
(1 gentleman, who will be capable of conduct- '
g any correspondence, with the mere revision <
; his Chief lie should also have a elcrk or '
ipyist to do the copying that may he necessary, )
id stieh other duties as may be required of i
im.
'l'herc seems to be no longer any reason why 1
ie State should have two Treasuries. It re- i
aires two sets of officers to do what one could 1
nulily and easily perform; and Columbia is <
ow so accessible from all parts of the State,
o inconvenience could possibly arise from
niting the Treasuries there. The Treasurer '
liould also be required to reside in Columbia,
lid not depend upon a Deputy to discharge
be duties of the office. The practice now is,
3 elect a Treasurer with a salary sufficient to
liable bin) to employ a competent deputy,
nd still save money for himself. The responible
duties of the office are not performed by
lie one chosen by the Legislature on account
if his fitness and qualifications, but by a man
lioscu by the Treasurer, and responsible to liini
lone ; and although the Treasurer is himself
espoi.siblc to the Legislature for the faithful
lerforiiiauee of the duties of his office, yet the
uiscliicf done by the deputy may be irreniedia?lc,
the State suffer, and the officer be ruined.
The law prohibiting masters from permitting
icgroes to liire their own time, and make cotiraels,
should be so aineiidcd, and such penalties
ittaehed to its violation, that lio one would
rent m e to disregard it. Without suggesting
lie particular penalty, I would recommend
hat both the owner of the slave ami the party
dint hires liini or her, should be punished by
itie or imprisonment, according to the mitigating
or aggravating circumstances that attend
Lite case. Some inconvenience will no doubt
irisc from such an enactment, and it may be
,,,.,1... f>vi.?i)tinnnl eases: for
IIUCOXUV iv? llllllkb J ~ 7
instance, the express or implied contract with !
a black porter to carry your trunk or carpet i
bag, or go on an errand ; but this may be done,
and yet much good result from the general law
on the subject.
It not uuirequoiitly happens- that slave nmchanics
Irre white men to work under their
direction, .,nd for their benefit, and thus instead
of exercising a control over that class of population,
some are placed under obligations to
tbem. This state of things should not be permitted
; there must he a distinction between
the races, as marked as their different colors,
it must be distinctly and universally understood
that the white is the governing race, without
an exception, merit or acquirements.
The general recognition by the citizens of
South Carolina of their allegiance to the State,
and that obedience to tlm Federal Government
ceases as soon as the State withdraws from the
Union and asserts Iter sovereignty, satisfies me
that she will have no traitors in her limits; but
a wise precaution can result in no harm, and
! may be the means of advertising our people
j that if any of tlieni should be so forgetful of
their duty to their sovereign, and so reckless of
her displeasure as to disregard her ordinances,
1 or obey any other commands than those oftlu
constituted authorities of the State, tliev wil
! he dealt with as traitors and punished aeeor
; dingly. In view, therefore, of such a conlin
gsilry, some legislation may he necessary ii
more particularly defining treason to the State
and ailixing the proper punishment for tin
offence. South Carolina must insist upon tin
implicit obedience of all her citizens, both 11:1
tivcand naturalized, and no one can bepcniiittc
to [nit his individual construction upon the n
lat'oii he bears to the State of his birth <j
adoption. The obligation of the citizens <
.South Carolina to obey the laws of the Federal
Government was created by the act of the
State entering the Union under the coinpac*
entered into bv the sovereign parties to if, and
it follows that upon the withdrawal of the State,
the obligation is no longer 'binding. The secession
of a State cannot, in the proper use of
the term, be called a revolutionary movement.
It is true there will to some extent be a change
of government, such as dissolving#^ compact
between sovereigns in which it was stipulated
that the citizens or subjects of each State or
nation should perform certain duties, which,
before the agreement of the high contracting
parties, they were not required to perform, or
abstain from the exercise of certain rights,
which they have previously enjoyed ; but this
dissolution of a compact does not imply rchcll
ion, which, if successful, is revolution, and
which, if unsuccessful, subjects the citizens to
punishment for committing treason. Why arc
we at this moment citizens of the United
States' Because South Carolina in her sovereign
capacity made ns so, by a compact entered
into with the other St:ite< wliieli when
united, were called tlio United States, and it
follows that when the power that ordered us to
obey the Government of the United States,
and which alone had the right to create that
relationship, releases us from that obligation by
withdrawing from the league, our obedience is
no longer due to that Government, and our
allegiance to the Slate as our lawful sovereign
is unquestionable and undivided.
The introduction of slaves from other States,
which may not become members of the Southern
Confederacy, and particularly the border
States, should be prohibited by legislative enactment,
and by this means they will be brought
to see that their safety depends upon a withdrawal
from their enemies, and an union with
their friends and natural allies. If they should
continue their union with the non-slavehoidiag
States, let them keep their slave property
in their own borders, and the only alternative
left them will be emancipation by their own
act, or by the action of theii confederates. We
cannot consent to relieve them from their embarrassing
situation, by permitting them to
realize the money value for their slaves, by
soiling them to us, and thus prepare them,
without any lo?-s of property, to accommodate
themselves to the Northern free soil idea. But
should they uuitc their destiny with us, and
become stars in the Southern galaxy?members
of a great Southern Confederation?wc
will receive tlicm with open arms and an enthusiastic
greeting. Should, then, danger approach
their borders, or an enemy, open or
disguised, make war upon thcni, there is not a
doubt but a living rampart of freemen, from
the Atlantic to the Cull' of Mexico, would line
their borders and beat back the invaders.
To dispense with the neecssilv. as much as
may be possible, of resorting to lynch law and
illegal executions, in punishing offenders against
the peace of society and the saf'etv of our citizens,
I would suggest the enactment of a jaw,
punishing summarily and severely, if not with
death, any person that circulates incendiary
; documents, avows himself an abolitionist, or in
any way attempts to create insubordination or
insurrection among the.slavcs. If some act of
tld^kiud is im^peissed^lm^^coplC)^^^p^|^^.
Iicir quiet a:;J desfroy their properly and s<
ves, will not, under excitement, be very carc- a
::l in measuring the punishment they inflict, rv
ml it is to be feared that the innocent may n
utfor with the guilty, and scenes of violence a
nd blood-slied too freijiieiil'y occur. \Y ith ti
he knowledge that there is a law to reach the J
uses, the legal tribunals of the State will be t1
irst appealed to, and in most cases their dcei- h
ion will be satisfactory to the people, made, o
is it will be, under oath and with time for re- o
lection and examination. 1
There a many other amendments to the t
aws that suggest themselves to my mind ; such i
is requiring a white man to reside at. all times s
>11 any plantation, without regard to the mini- <
icr of hands?a change in the road laws, no- I
losing a tax in the place of days work?the i
'Cpcal *?I tlic I SUIT J.ilWS, tVC., CCC.; Hill iuum; j
ire comparatively unimportant, in view of the !
now certain action of llie Convention soon to i
meet, which wii! devolve on von the construe- <
lion of a government suitable to the new order i
?f things, with all its ramifications.
IJksoi.VTIoxs.?Tiie resolution of the fJeiieral 1
Assembly, directing the Coventor to eoininuni- |
rate to all the slavcholding Stales certain reso- I
lutions adopted un-iiiinionsly, expressing tlie I
opinion they should immediately meet together
to concert measures for united action, was j
soon after the adjournment acted upon, and
copies of the resolutions sent to every Southern i
State. Mississippi and Alabama were the only
Slates that agreed to meet South Carolina in
Convention, and as no delegates had been appointed
bv the Legislature, I did not feel authorized
to make an appointment without there
had been a general argreeinent oft he Southern
States to meet. Had such been the ease, I
would either have convened the Legislature to
appoint delegates, or have taken the responsibility
of appointing them myself. The consequence
was, no Convention met, and each
State was left to net for herself, a.d upon her
own responsibility
Tito rcsohitiuti authorizing the Governor "to
have the documents ami correspondence of tlie
olliecrs of the l'almetvo Kegiment, and the
casualties of the Kcgiiinmt, recorded in a suitable
book and placed among the archives of the
Executive "department," Jias been carried out,
and the book is now in the Executive olliee,
subject to the inspection of the members of the
Legislature. 'J>. ! '. Arthur, Esq., of Union,
was employed to do the work, and I am pleased
to say, it lias<beeii done in a very creditable
and satisfactory manner. Much more labor
was necessary than 'he mere "recording" the
correspondence. It required the reading and
re-reading of all the papers, and the exercise of
a correct judgment in the arrangement, not
only chronologically, but with reference to the
necessary connection of the whole volume.
The book has iceii neatlv and durably bound,
and will Ibr yi us to conic be a book of reference,
not only <>r the descendants of those that
dispelled the 'elusion <>i uie r\orin, uuu. u.u
chivalry of Sir.itli Carolina would not fijjlil, Init
l'v.r tlio whole o! our people, who claim a share
of the gh'i'V they achieved for their country,
ami wish to imitate their example. I ivconiI
mend that a liberal appropriation he made to
compensate the compiler tor his work.
Another resolution nli c!i passed theCclieral
Asscinhly unanimously,reipiestiuothe (Jovornor
to procure a suitable sword and pieseiit it. to
Capt. X. ( livans, ol tlie I"nited Stales Army,
on behalf of this State, as a testimonial of his
oallaut conduct at the hattle of W'aeliita, ami
f >f the estimation in which lie is held by the
Stale, lias been attended to, and the sword
designed for (.'apt. Joans is now in tin- Kxcetii
tive ollice, ready for ptesentation, and \voui?!
I have heen for.vardcd to him, hut for the su<;
- ocslioii of his friends, that as soon as Soutl
Carolina severed her eoniiection with the Fed
i era I fbiveriunetit, lie would resign his c<uumis
, sion and repair to h- r standard to receive tin
a swotd in person, and wield it in defence of hi:
a native State,
i- (jeii, Williams, of Newberry, was emplovei
d hv me to compile the Militia ami I'atroJ law
of the State, ai der a resolution of the las
a" Ses.-ion, ami the work bein:;?ii?11e in a satisl'at
if torv manner, 1 lecommeml flint Im be paid fo
bis services. I
The duty 11 posed on the Governor, under a
, resolution iigelatioiryto, the surveys and estimates
by MaiMcCalla,'for the Greenville and
Freneh Btoal Railroad'Company, have been
complied witl by the appointment of J. S. Farrow,
Esq., oil of tbc~Cominissioners, whose
duty it was, I concert with tour other persons,
appointed, al proscribed in the resolution, to
inquire audJ>port upon the accuracy of the
surveys and Bitnates (hade by K. C. Mr.Calla,
for the GrceHlle and French Broad Railroad
Company, o?0v. 15,*1859, for the construction
of a llH-oad froiTr Spartan hnrg, C. II.,
S. (J., to Alvillc, N. C., tfce., and to have
their report Bnte<i and placed upon the desks
of the mcmlB of the two Houses.
By tin; dB'tioii of.tlie Legislature in the
form of a iMolntion, I have appointed two
merchants aHtwo wharf-holders of Charleston,
who with tH President Of the Chamber of
Commerce, Hustitutc a commission, who are
instructed tc^^uire * apd ascertain what arc
reasonable wharfage, dockage, storage,
weighing, dr.^^Bthc port of Charleston, and
they are dirij^Mto report to your bodies at
1'or a detaiBB'ccouirt of tiie finances of the
State, you ai|^B;rrcd to the Reports of the
Comptroller ^^R-al :udl the President of the
Jlanlc of the
The eoiidit^Buid resources of the South
Carolina Bnii^Hj of the whole Smith, hear
a very faVora^BBnipanson wit'h the Northern
Banks. A m^^Bn writer puts down the aggregate'
amoi^Wf-specie ju the Northern
Banks $47,070$ I; Circulation, $ 150,008,830;
Deposits, 8190,'17,950. Jn the Southern
Banks, Specie, S *023,778; Circulation, ?51,033
047; DcpoK, ?57.224,179. Showing
that while the c^Blatioii and .deposits of the
Northern Banks' Be scroll times greater than
the specie in th I v All It-,, the circulation and
deposits of the S icrifBaiiks ariV only three
times as much a$lieir specie, ami their circulation
alone only, half the amount of
their specie.
All the banks -Vp, judging from
their reports, arc? sound"condition,
and prepared ^ ^E^Ui'tbeir liabilities
promptly, uulL' s<.^^Hniincrcinl crisis takes
place, which I'T ^^^Htilnc cripple their resources
and nF-' 'tKHBull for tberu to meet
all their engaw^'it^^^Htwas proposed at the
Extra Session l&jfflSRr hundred thousand
dollars, by issuing M^;h?t.ds, to arm the. (
Slate and prepare for hcwefcnce, hut for want
of lime, no decision waslade on the proposition.
In the mean tiin^however, and with
great promptness, the lijuii* Qf Charleston,
through its J 're.-ident, te.egKaplieir to inc that
it would take one bundled; thousand dollars'
worth ot the bonds ot iDij at par; and
since then a formal rcsUgibtti 6f its. board lias
been sent me to the s:*effctt. *Tliis net of
patriotic duty, on ll?^|p5[,c Bank of
Charleston,- merits yoi^^B^t^cjjj un ndation,
and sets an'Cxarnpic^B^o'tJic' State and
devotion to her can^^B^^^^^^^onerrtl imitation..
J'lic iucra^KK^j^trr^''' would
calculate the v.aliic^BHT^sJtfit^fr^ed. pros-,
poet of.grain ; ih?r but.
the necessities
o(:t his
j?? i t*iiff
. Loch wasauaugttralodJii lUO&tb' May,-9 853, ,-.<nd
commenced operations ^ii.s.i?tc%) pti|?:!?, fcj
liich has since iuereasbd tpfo'r^-tlirce,' with -pj
lany more npplicaiitsYhaii' caii-lic received ;l|
nd accommodated. Tlac pupifearc not con- p,
ncd to Charleston ; but! <:omii'ifoinj2dgefiehl, c.,
>eaufort, Jlarnwell, Kiebjaud, npwwand Colic- n
dii. The lioard of Trustees report'that their sv
icalth has been good, enSy oiic death having p(
centred, and that one shortly after coming (,]
it board; that the progress and conduct of the 0|
mpils arc quite satisfactory, and even now g
here are several on board capable of milling- p
mr a vessel. Feeling a deep interest in the vs
uceess of the experiment, I visited the school, i
in board the I.odobnr, slatioiied iil Charleston
larbor, near the battery, lust sprirg, mnl was g
iot only gratified, but delighted at the pros?ect,of
making useful citizens and valuable p
iiiiiors, to be called into the service of the Slate i,
n her commercial marine, or in manning and j,
roiiiiiiainJiiig her vessels of waft Southern sea- v
neu arc among the great wants of the South, ?
u:d especially at this critical time, trained as
hose voiilhs are. not only in manly nautical s
.iik: I,nt in the u>" of cannon and arms? >
I' ? - -I
he State may with confidence look to t h>*ii) ,
for aid in her hour of t!;>t
At the last session ol ibc Legislature, tin- .,
sum of five thousand dollars was appropriated ,
towards the support i>t tins naval school, and .
as events crowd iijion us, making it more ini* i
portaut every day that we should have a nur- ,
serv to prepare steady and capable captains, |
not only for our mercantile marine, but for our (
coasting trade and vessels of war, I commend ,
this valuable school to the fostering care of the j
Stat?*, and recommend a liberal appropriation ,
for its benefit. I
Ax Aismouv.?The separation of the Southern
States from the North, will leave the Southern
States, to a great extent, without the facilities
of manufacturing arms, for the want of
Armories ; and it will, therefore, bo important
for each individual State to establish an Armory,
or that two, three or four States should
uuife for that purpose. We should not be dependent
on the Hfcrth, or a foreign country,
for our weapons of defence, lest in the hour of
need the supply may he withheld from us. Major
K. S. iiipley, a citizen of South Carolina,
proposes to establish an Armory for the South,
in Georgia, Alabama or South Carolina, according
as may be agreed on bv those States. All
lie asks is, that each of the three States named
should contract with him for fifty thousand
dollar.*' worth of arms annually, for five years,
and extend their patronage for a short period
theteafler; the arms furnished to be up to a
standard model, to be determined upon and
ili-liven-d at nrieo* fixed by competent aulhori
t v, ::ml to l>e subject lo tin- proper military in- |
spcction, in j>.\rts, by Statu officers, those of
each State to inspect tlie arms for tliat State.
Tliis would lie preferable to having an Armory,
ami woiilil preclude the necessity of burdening
! each State with an extensive establishment,
i ilcpcmlcnt upon it lot management by salaried
j ollicers. am; would reijitire no expenditure l?y
: the State until its value would he received.
There seems to he nothing in the proposij
tion hut what is fair and reasonable, and if the
i State determines to keep np her supply ofarms,
1 it cannot he better done than by the plan proj
posed. Copies of letters from the Coventors of
Ceorgia and Alabama, to Mnj. Uipley, were
! sent to me. They approve of the proposition.
; i and promise to recommend to tin ir Legislatures
lo hind themselves to take unmialh tifly
1 I thousand dollars' worth of.'inns, t<> lie paw tor
! at t In' same price paid l?y tliu Federal Covorn
incut for units of the snin6 finish and descripI
lion; provided they are of the latest and most
- j approved military pattern^ and are niaiiiitaci
i tared in otic of the Statesmentioned. I would
- : therefore reeoiinneiid that ."jcaitli Carolina hind
- i herself to take lifty thoiisai il dollars' worth of
; arms annually, for live year, front ^laj. Hiplev,
* upon the conditions mentioned above, and thai
a negotiation he opened between the threi
I , States to settle on the site fir the.Armory,
s ! ,\nw Static (/ai'troi..?This building is pro>t
grossing with iiineh rapid !y, considering iln
material ol whirli it is eom[ used, and the laboi
r i necessary to complete such an elegant and do
4 -A ...
ruble structure. It is generally conceded that
it will compare favorably with any edifice ol
the kind in the United States or Europe, and
reflects great credit upon the architect, the
commissioner, and all concerned. The only
regret is that it may be necessary to suspend
operations, and husband all our resources foi
the defence of the State. No one regrets more
than I do, that such necessity may arise; but
we must inakc everything give way to the
paramount consideration, and reconcile ourselves
as best we can to the delay. The Legislature
should not make any large appropriations,
except for arms and material of war, until
there is a full recognition of our rights out
of the Union, and no longer any pressing necessity
to arm. If. the work be suspended, it
may be necessary to have some temporary covering,
to protect it from rain and storms,-and
especially from being disfigured, and it may be
necessary to appropriate a small amount for
that purpose. I
vJoiin Rnovvi^ 'Rirk.?At tlie request of a
distinguished Virgiffiaii, Edmund lluftiii, Esq.,
I herewith- present to the Legislature onc.ofthe
IMces intended l?v Jphn'lirown. to he used by
the negroes of Virginia upon'tb'jfouioti'ending
and peaceable inhabitants,of tdiat State. He
requests "that -this weapon- n.ny. be placed m
some conspicuous positioiHirth'e State House
of South Carolina; there to remain, and be
preserved as abiding- and impressive evidence
of the fanatical hatred home by the dominant
Northern party, to the institutions and people
of the Southern States, and of the unscrupulous
and atrocious, means resorted to for the cxpec
ted attainment of the objects in view;" and I
respectfully recommend that the thanks of the
State be returned to Mr. Euflin for this memento
of Southern wrongs, too long and too patiently
borne, and that it be placed in the Hall
of the House of Representatives.
Fkdeual Relations.?In obedience to the
resoh.tiohf-passed by the Genera! Assembly of
thisStato at the last regular session, expressing
the* opinio# that the slavcliokiing States should
immediately meet together to concert measures
for united action, and instructing the Governor
to appoint a Commissioner to Virginia, "to express
to the authorities of that State the cordial
sympathy of the people of South Carolina
with the people of Virginia, and their earnest
desire to unite with them in measures of common
defence,and also to transmit to air the
Southern St'ties an invitation to meet in Convention,
to consult;and mature measures for the
safety aY.d security of the South and their institutions,
I "immediately appointed to that
ofticc the Hon. C. G. Mcmminger, the mover of
the resolutions, a gentleman not only of high
character and literary attainments, but who
was generally regarded as the exponent of the
opinion? of the conservative portion of the people
ojfJth.is State. It was thought desirable to
send a Commissioner who would not only liavo
the ability to explain our position, a ud place us
in a proper .light before the Legislature and
people-of Virginia, but who would by his antecedents
convince them that our great aim
aou^object in asking for a conference with our
Southern sisters .was"'iiot.to'plaii ft.dissoIut^l
of. the -Union/but' to save it, if possible, TiyjJ
pyils in carrying ou^sl^^^^cbpny territory!
longing lo the United Sh\tcsLaad having '
otcction by the Federal Gevcranciit against
IV attempt to interfere in any way with this !
ropertv. Mr. Mcmmiui;cr was kindly receivI,
hospitably entertained, and listened to with !
inch attention, hut his masterly and unan- .
verahle argument before the Legislature and .
eople of Virginia failed to convince them of 1
ic necessity of concerted action on the part !
f the Southern States in Convention. The
tate of Virginia thought proper to decline the
roposed conference of the Southern States, as
ill tic seen by the .resolutions of iter General
assembly herewith transmitted, and only Mis<sippi
and -.' Alabama, of all the shareholding
tntcs, acceded to the proposal.
No such meeting of the States has taken
laec, as it was thought the number agreeing
o meet was too small to elfect the desired ol> t.
bv urodiicin<? that moral effect which
roil 111 uinjnostionably^ have resulted from a |
;eiieral meeting of the States interested. One
if the resolutions adopted by Virginia in repot,se
to the invitation of South Carolina and
Mississippi to meet in conference, expresses the
pinion, that "Virginia does not yet distrust
lie capacity of tin: Southern States, by a wise
mil linn exercise of their reserved, powers, to
roteet the rights and liberties of the people,
ittd to preserve the Federal Union," and for
his purpose she desires the "count rent actio-"
>f t.;e .Son',hern States; hut she adds "that cficient
co-operation will he more safely obtained
l>v such direct Legislative action of the ?/'?
nil Unites as may he necessary and 'proper,
;han through the agency of an assemblage
which can exercise no legitimate power except i
to debate and advise."
Thus we see that, although Virginia had
-trorg hopes at that time of preserving the
Federal Union, she was .unwilling to resort to
any other way 'of effecting the object than by
the yfjutmif icl/ou of each which would
have the cfiect of producing tin^ 'cdhcnrrenl ocItoii
of all the States interested. If therefore
Virginia is right, a.}to the best mode of redressing
wrongs.aud obtaining the concurrent
>?-- - .w* ,. ,i ;... ,I v
action ol,-6tiior;f>l:iles, u. nmows 11 III L- iiiu PUjur
rate action' of each~ is the host method of jetting
co-ojieration or concerted action of the
other .States in any movement, and it would
therefore be wise in South Carolina, in imitation
of Virginia, to deelijte a representation in
"anv assemblage which can exercise no legitimate
power except to debate and advise," and
in no ^isseinbhige whatever, until by the ordinance
of her Convention she has seceded from
a Union which she once acceded to, and
which has proved a curse instead of a Messing.
The effort of South Comliun to assemble tin
Southern Stales, in the hope that the North
might be induced to pause and retrace tlieii
steps by an earnest ami unanimous prates'
against the course pursued by them, and :
notification that unless a change of policy tool
place, the South would be compelled to taki
the redress of her grievances in her own hand?
failed on account of the refusal of Virginia h
i join in the movement; although her border
* ' 11 " ? -! />it I-*,?n
Ml.'l'l liCCH rcC?'IIM_V niv:uii:>i ,UI<| I... .
i murdered in colli I.Soikl I v n bawl of alio :
j tioiii.sts iiistigatoal to the due l !?v I lie teaching
| of men of controlling influence in the Xortl
I All hope, tlieivfore, of concerted action !?v
I Soutlicrn Convention lining lost, there is In
' one course left for South Carolina to pnrsin
I consistently with her honor, interest an
' safely, ami that is to look neither to the rigl
: nor to the left, 1ml go straight forward to tli
eonsiimmiitioii of her purpose.
It is too late now to receive propnsilioi
for a eotiferein-e ; and the State wonhl he wan
ino in seif-rcs|iect, after having deliheratel
derided on her course, to entertain any pn
position looking to a continuance in the preset
t' iii< >11. We can gel iiohcttcrorsalergimranti
than the present Constitution, and that. In
proved impotent to prelect us against the fan
ticisiu of tlm North. The institution of.slavei
must he under the e.y.'y.sive control oftlio
: direct!v inlcisted in it> preservation, and u
left to tlie mcrcv of these tii.it heiieve it to I
P C. J
t \ _L
; their duty to d est toy it.
f The tone of the Northern press litis greatly
I changed since the unanimous and determined
s action of South Carolina, Heretofore, it was
supposed by our enemies that wc were divided
I and distracted at home, rirI that, in consequence
of our divisions, the scenes of 1851 would be
re-enacted, and the State would finally acquiesce
in Black Republican rule, or at beat,
that something less than secession wonlrLbe
adopted, and our energies exhausted, in fruitless
expedients and unavailing threats. Now
that the unwelcome convictmn^torces itself npnn
them that "we have counted the cost, and
find nothing so intolerable as voluntary slavery;"
and that we are not to be deterred from the
assertion and maintenance of our rights by the
threats of Federal bayonets, or the, unmeaning
and senseless display of Wide Awake processions,
formidable only to the capitalists and conserva
tii es of their own section, they begin to change
j their tone, and appeal to us, rather as sup
plianta than as conquerors, to save a Union
from which they have reaped a rich harvest of
profit and honor, and the South has only
known by its exactions.
Thev have been deaf to the voice of reason
and consanguinity; they have disregarded the
counsels of their wisest and best citizens. Their
Neros, in the persons of Seward, Sumner, and
others, had been fiddling )vhilc the Constitution
had been trampled under foot, and a higher
law inaugurated in its stead; in accordance
with their treasonable advice and teaching,
and by the crowning act of electing a Black
Republican President to carry out their long
cherished designs against the peace and prosperity
of the South, they have declared open
war against us.
What course, then, is left for the Southern
States to pursue for the maintanancc of their
rights and the security of their property, but a
separation from such open and undisguised cne- i
mies, and the establishment of a Southern
Confederacy, with every clement of greatness
and every means of defence necessary to protect
them from any enemy and command the
respect and admiration of the world? It is
gratifying to know that in the contemplated
movement South Carolina has strong assurances
that she will not stand alone; that if the
lone star we must have, it will be but for a
short season, when the star after star will be
added, and the Southern banner "present to
the heavens the bright constellation that
adorns it."
There is no reasonable doubt but that Georgia,
Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Texas, and
Arkansas will immediately follow, and that the
other Southern States will eventually complete
the galaxy. It was not be expected
that they would move before South Carolina;
nAf An oAOAiinf /if our it'onf /if r\nfi>iAfteiti on/1
HV/l' VII CIVlWKIIb VI illlj VI pm.1 JVLJOIII ail*4
determination,, to resist aggression and insult,
not because they are less informed of their
rights, or loss prepared to defend tlicm; but on
account of thiMiational parties, so lately striving
for victorySu_the Presidential canvass, in
which contest thercTwoulduutuiallviirise disThere
is t:o longer any jealousy on the part
)f other resistant States towards South Caroina
; no the contrary, they all urge lier by ev rv
consideration of duty and patriotism to V
ead the van in this noble struggle for our vio- ?
.sited rights. What a sublime moral spectacle tl
is presented to the world by our beloved State; a
small in territory, with a comparatively sparse t<
population and without much military training, t'i
vet relying upon the justice of her cause and w
the approving smile of Heaven, she is first a- C
mong the foremost to sever her connection b
with the Federal Government, and to accept I.
the consequences that may follow her deei- a
sion. I will not cuter into an elaborate argil- d
ment to prove the right of a State peaceably u
to secede from the Union. It will not be con- sj
trovcrted that each State entered the Union p
as a State, and not as an unorganized mass of p
individuals, and that the action of each State v
was independent of the others, and if any e
proof of this fact he wanting it may be toniui t
hi the action of North Carolina, which State t
did not enter the Union until more than a I
year after it was formed by the admission of
nine States, which number was required by the
Convention that adopted the present Constitution
of the United States. i
It is true that no provision is made in the ,
Constitution for dissolving the Union, and it is |
very probable that the patriot* who framed the .
instrument hail no idea that a loathsome fana- (
ticisin, pandered to by Northern politicians,
would ever make it necessary for the safety of
the South that they should dissolve the compact
011 account of its violation by the other
section of the Confederacy; but it must be remembered
as a rule of universal application,
that a violation of a compact or agreement one
party releases the other party from its binding
obligation, and the only question is, who is to
judge of the infraction. From the very nature
of the case, in a compact with sovereigns,
there can he no umpire, unless one is provided
by the the instrument itself, and in the
language of .Mr. Jefferson, "each State must
jhdge of the infraction and the mode and
measure of redress." A compact between sovereign
States, with the understanding that the
majority should put their construction upon its
provisions, would not he worth the paper upon
which it was written. Majorities need no protection,
for they can protect themselves, hut
minorities insist upon constitutions to restrain
the majority, and to allow it to put its construction
upon the compact,.is equivalent to giving
them tin. absolute power'to.gpvern4hcTninoritv
I it respective of any restraints,
j 'i'iie simple statement of the ease is this:
! eaeli State entered the Union under the Con*
' ' stiiution; the Federal Government is the agciil
' | of the States, created for special purposes, and
r j circumscribed in its action by the articles of
1 j agreement, or in other '.voids the Constitution.
1 ! Whenever the States having the power to cuii:
trol this agent, permft or coinniand hint to
i violate the compact, each Slate, not having
' | surrendered its sovereignly, has a right to
".remonstrate or withdraw as she may think
s proper, and no earthlv power has the right to
! prevent her,
j It is urged hy some as an argument against
is j secession, that the existing (iovermueiit would
' ' he destroyed hy a State seceding; that the
a 1 revenue laws would become inoperative, and
" ! the wheels of Government stand still. My am
' swer is this,"that in the exercise of an iindoubf
l' i ed right and being forced t<> exercise it by tin
party that is likely to siilivr, it cannot coinplaii
iC of the cotisecpteiiees of its own acts, 11* Sou11
Carolina secede, the Government will be in in
ls worse condition, except for a very short time
than it would have been if South. Carolina hat
y never entered the Union, whirl), iaacknowlcdg
v ed on all hands she was not bound, to do.
} Tite idea that a majority must always gov
era, which has taken possession of the. Xort.li
l,s ; ern miiul, is as mischievous as it is fallacious
"* i and is contradicted by all the analogies of,
ry | lb-publican government. If a mere majorir
sc i islo govern, why have two houses of Con
gress a Senate and House of lb-presentativcs
Wliv ?:vc the i'rcT-ileiit the veto towet
1 * 1
Why submit the action of all three to a judici- V.'
al tribunal ? Why require juries to be unani- '
mous in givingrthcir verdict i The conclusion is
irrcsisti' . that it is for,the protection of minorities
and the safety of the citizen. I may be
asked if a minority should govern. My answer
is, no; but tliey should be able, by con
stitntional restrictions, to restrain the majority^ >
acts of injustice and oppression. In the co-^
partnerships formed by individuals, the majork
ty is not permitted to construe .the article of J
agreement to the injury of the minority, but in
this case.there is a disinterested tribunal to decide
tbiT question. In a compact between.
States, from the nature of the case, there can bono
tribunal to decide viplations of ity and the
remedy must be a dissolution of the agreement ^
without any right on the part of the majority,-,
of the States to prevent the withdrawal of any
of the parties, otherwise might would make
right, and a-compact bean unmeaning and
worthless piece of parchment.
It follows from the tj^tts presented, that theFederal
Government cannot rightfully use force
to prevent a State from seceding or force her
hack into the Union } hut, in the language of
the hite Judfre Ilarner r "men liavinrr jirms in ' -
their bands may use them;" and I cannot too
earnestly urge upon you the importance of arm- /
ing the State at the earliest practicable period, /J
and thus be prepared for the worst. It is grati- /A
tying to know that if we must resort to arms in A
defence of our rights, and a blow should be ~ wmH
struck at South Carolina, before the other .
States move up in line, we have the tender of
volunteers from all the Southern and some of
the Northern States, to repair promptly to our
standard and share our fortunes.
In urging the State to arm, it is not be understood
that wo arc defenceless: by examining
the report of tbc Adjutant and Inspector Gen- I
era! herewith transmitted, you will see that we
have sufficient arms to supply the number of
soldiers that will probably be necessary for
some time to come, and many of our arms arc +.
of the most approved patterns; but no one can *
tell what a day may bring forth, and it is a /
wise precaution to prepare in time. I cannot V
permit myself to believe that in tbc madness
of passion an attempt will be made by the pre- I
sent or next administration to coerce South
Carolina, after secession, by rcfusyigto surrender
to her the harbor defences, or by interfee-.
ing with her imports or exports; but if I amf
mistaken in this, we must accept the issue, a&d
incct it as becomes men and freemen, whoftn,
all the calmness of determined resolution,
finitely prefer annihilation to disgracc^^mcfl^mAar A
We cannot penetrate the (kirl^^RHHflRHQfcjra
may be "filled will) aslie^sjfiE
but let us go forward iuj^fl
duty, with an unwavor^B
consciousness, that a0t
dishonor and dcc^fl
Noie.?Tnra
postal matterfl
be coutinuctH
State and thW
tpyw^andJuH
int arrangement must cen's'c, aml^J
Es*CLta:i Cotton' Buvrus Coming
fe had tlic pleasure .of traveling from Sayan-^H
ah to Macon, on jj? wday last, with oncjoT(M
ic leading Lancashire cotton manufacturers?
Mr. Paiey, of Preston?who was on his route ^90
) New Orleans to establish an agency there,
>r the purpose of supplying his own factories. ....^^9
ith all the cotton he requires, direct from the- 49
y his chief buyer?one o'tlic keenest of the
avorpool cotton men ; and though he was not > -;
s communicative as his employer, we had evi- B
once from both that other manufacturers aro . -B
iow on the way to establish agencies in our
loiitliejn cities, for the purchase and direct cxiortation
of cotton. 1 hey have gold and ship?
ling in abundance; and we can supply them,
vitliont the interposition of purse-proud North:rn
commission merchants, who have grown
at, arrogant, and saucy, upon the profits of our
rade?profits which, with God's blessings, wc,
lcroaftcr keep to ourselves. t
Atlanta Intel 'i/i iii'i i _ (
# ?
Geokgia.?The great Empire State of the.
2-..?!. I for T .oirid-iturn hv
juuli1 1j?im ?|?vawu? ^ _?
inanimotis vote, lias called a Convention of
licr people to consider the necessity of resistance
to Black Republican domination. The*
Convention is called to meet on the sixteenth
day of January next, at AJilledgevillc, and the,
election for Delegates is to be on the first.
Wednesday in that month?those counties
now sending two members to the House of
Representatives being entitled to three Delegates,
and those now sending one entitled to
two delegates. Senator Toombs has not without
reason,,yesterday, in a telegram to a friend
in Charleston, that "Georgia is moving stcad-ily
and firmly,, in. the right direction."
(.'hai lesion Mi rcury*% _
The. Sentiment on the Navv.?The Xcw h":
York.iCcra!d says:;
We leiuTi fjoui reliable sources that a very
great excitement prevails among the ollicers of
the navy it), consequence of the present state of
affairs at the South, and that so adverse arc
tliey to a collision with their fellow-citizens in
that quarter, that there will he an almost uni- K reg
versaL'rcsignajtion of their commissions as soon
j*us- hostilities-hrenJi. out.. They will not imbrue
their Iia.nd^. in the blood of their brethren.
If thp iguoamt masses at the North, who.
Iiavq, becii made tools in the election of Lincoln,
expect "to get up a civil war, they must do theirshantof
lighting. '
i War Ept-'teihctfrrs, i*or the South.?The jH
New: X'orlf. IFodd saysH
The tcuiper of the Southern people regard- gsaflfl
ing secession is deemed by many qs indisputa-. H
l>ly niai|ijcst through large orders, being given, I
in the Northern States for tlic-manufacture of'
firearms and other equipments of war. Most I H
i... i ... i:.... ?? ,||jc (.;,r whose, sne
Ol IIIU H'.IHIIIJJ. UVH'Vl v.. I,...., ? A
chilly is the manufacture of war equipments. ?
have already received large ordn-s. Wo also.
learn that similar orders are now being filledat,
Hartford, Ct.
1 ? ? # I
Secession and tiikSiiok Trade.?ThJ New- h
buryport (Mass.,) Jlcrald says:
Orders for shoes come in very slowly, a~l _ JH
the shipments are falliligitiff. FrtidouL men '
' in the Southern trade are holding up. An
1 extensive manufacturer in Haverhill, now South,
1 telegraphed home to discharge all cutters.
. Should alVairs remain unsettled for six weeks, a H
i great many of the workmen will find thflTu
selves out of employment, and tjioy may as
well look forward, and be preparing for it.
it! The flour inspected in Richmond, Va.,
a ring the past month, amounts, in half and whols ^^18
r barrels, to about (i3,000.
T'etcr Stityvcsant. an aged citizen ofNcvtC- | kp
' York, died on the l-'-th in.-r. a