COLUMBIA.
Monday Morning, Sept 4, 1865.
On oar first page will be found por
^ lions of SM interesting fetter from W.
. E. Robertson, of Fairfield District, to
the citizens thereof, by whom he has
been nominated to the Convention.
.We omit the merely mfroductory parts
of his letter, and quote those only
which relate to what .must or may be
the object of the Convention. On
this subject, we musfventure upon a
few cautionary remarks. Mr. Robert?
son is a conservative. Ile writes mo?
destly yet suggestively. His views are
in consonance, we believe,,with those
of Ml-. Boyce and Gov. Perry; and
regarding the required abolition of
slavei'y by thc States, as the ?impera?
tive condition upon whicn they are to
be restored to peace and relieved from
martial law, he recognizes thc neces?
sity of compliance with the requisi?
tion, not as a measure of which he
approves, but that thc South may
escape worse evils in tho continued
domination of the sword.- And in
this, perhaps, thero will be found but
<? little difference pf opinion throughout :
tiki State. And, this done, the abso?
lutely unavoidable duty of tho Con?
vention will really be at an end. But
Mr. Robertson seems not willing that
. it should end herc. ' He suggests thc
basis of representatjon in the State
Legislature as a necessary duty, also,
. of the Convention. Wo do not see
that this is at all necessary to the re
"storation of the State to the Union;
and the introduction of th^c topic will
bo " fatal, we suspect, to any desire
which might be entertained for a
speedy finish of the rfusiness for which
the Convention meets. The Congress
will rcallyTiavc nothing moro to'do
with our Sjfcate representation in the
Legislature than with any other do?
mestic interest; and how you can
legislate- upon parish representation
in the Senate, without a census of tho
* ' State, which shall give the parishes
' tim right representation in the House,
based upon numbers-white and black
together-aiM with regard to the fu?
ture apportionment of the taxes, is
not sp clear to any mind ijpt heedless
of what would bc proper in the ease,
to enter upon and duly canvass these
subjects is a work of time, and will
prove th? future career of the Legis?
lature itself, after due advisement of
tho vital facts. We take for granted
j that the'Governor's election will b'e
given to the people, and have but the
single objection that the measure will
still farther tend to the depravation Of
the popular morals. If they are wiso
enough to elect the legislators them?
selves, they are surely wise enough to
elect the Governor. And we certainly
approve, having ourselves long enter?
tained the opinion that the dignity of
the Governor's office should be lifted,
by imposing upon him higher respon?
sibilities and duties. So, also, with
the Lieutenant-Go vernor, who is now
only a sort of contingent official, de?
pending for his uses upon possibility.
The veto power can do no harm. Its
uses aro .specially conservative. It
does not legislate-only prevents legist
lation, and may thus save us from
many an idiotic legislation. As for
viva voce legislation, we object to it
loto coola. But the argument on the
subject is too abstruse for our mode?
rate limits, and will require a very
# prolonged inquiry, requiring illustra?
tion from long periods of Jiistory, and
tho experience of mon in all ngee.
There is one other subject-the repu?
diation of private debts, &c. But
with this and some of tho other sub?
jects, the Convention? has nothing* to
do. ?f that body is wise, rt will seek
to do only that which is absolutely
necessary, and keep the other subjects
in reserve for future agitation at a
moro auspicious period. If it at?
tempts to agitato them now, nothing
will be done. Let tho members take
heed of the maxim-never, more ap?
plicable than now-'Sufficient for the
. ? . fj . ? .e.-, f, . ;.>??**?> - 'i. ,
- ? ?- ' .. ' ' . ' ; -.? '* - ?. ' '"
day is the ervil thereof." We trust,
gino, tha> the good w?l suffice. Let
our refojftner friends hold .their zeal
in curb-keep their souls in patience,
.and be not too eager to seize a casual
opportunity uow for effecting old and
??ivorite objects, in which, hitherto,
they have been baffled, teach in its
due season.
PARDONS.-To the 10th bf August,
but 500 pardons in all had beeil grant?
ed. So say. the New York pupers of
that date. There is little chance that
there will be any ' great number of
those in the S^nith sinniug over the
amount of twenty .thousand dollars
who will need pardon. There is not
a vagrant in the country .who does net
point to the over-rich man and say,
"?hank God, I am not like this rich
publican and atrocious sinner. My
industry, thrift, talent and enterprise
will never bring me to shame."
EMIGRATION T? TUE UNITED STATES.
-It appears from foreign advices that
the rush of emigrants to this coui^ry
from the North of Europe is setting
in with more than usual vehemence.
Fifteen thousand Polish exiles are
making arrangements with the Swiss
Government for transportation to tin
free soil of the States. From Norway
j Hie exodus of the most valuable pari
of the population is so great as tl
excite tho tears of the authorities,
who are endeavoring to check it.
JAMES B. CAMPBELL.-The Charles
ton Courier publishes thc following
''WASHINGTON, Awgust||30.-I are
not a candidaie for thc Convention;
do not Avish to be elected, not that '
desire to avoid any duty tho peojde o
Charleston may demand of me, a:
they have a right to my utmost ser
vices, but because I believe 1 can di
more good out of the Convention tim
in it. Please, therefore, withdraw nv
name. Our position demands of cac
citizen his best services. We inuit di
cido either to participate in the Cb:
vemmcnt, to winch we have just rc
j newed our allegiance in solemn forre
or accept military control of indefinit
duration. Gen. Johnston has state
our c:ise with admirable precision,
believe our future prospects arc with*
the scope of human wisdom. Seo ths
wo are guided by it.
"JAMES 1. CAMPBELL."
THE KORAN REPLACED BT TR
CHRISTIAN ScmiPTDitEs.-It is worth
of notice that f n the Koran, thc M:
homctan book of faith, there ?ire n<
j less than one hundred^ancUtwent;
seven commendations and? andora*
ments of the Law and the Gospel ;
the word of God. The Old and Ne
Testaments ure called by a sacre
name. The Koran admits the iniraei
j lons conception and birth of Christ
i honors him as a prophet, and declar
j he will judge the quick and dead
I the last day. A serious and growii
j religious movement is now going <
in Turkey by the influence of a bo
: and vigorous reformer, whose ov
mind was first awakened by what tl
I Koran said about the Christian Seri
j tures. Many heed his stirring eon
! sel, which in all cases carry them
? the Bible, and to Christian missio
j aries.
SCOTCH EMIGRATION SOUTH.-\
: see it stated?that there has arrived
'?^Washington a delegation represent!
j a large emigration society in SeotTm:
: having a capital of .C7rU)!)0, win
I they, propose to invest*i South?
: lands, if sufficient inducements i
j offered. The society is mainly co
I posed of the, industrial cLissi>s, and
j the reception of a favorable' repi
i from their representatives in t'
! country, will increase their capital
j ?1,000,000, anel commence emigrati
hnmtediatoly.
\\ hem an insinne-e e>f eTinie oeeu
e>r any case of depravity is brought
light at the South, how qnickiy it
! clutched by "designing men anil
'? radeel in tho newspapers, to show
! a purpose how unfit* tho South ii
-re-enter the Union; yet we .scare
ever pick up a Northern journal
any promine>iK*e .oiftttote but -wh
unfolds crime in every concciva
shape.
The renison a^signo?! by those v
ought to know for the withdrawn
tlu; names of Robert E. Lee? ?
several othe-rs fre^b the charge ot' c
^piracy with Wirtz-is that these \
sems aro actually or constructive!''
the custody of the United States,*
not on trial.
"White Labor. Necessary for South.
. Carolina.
To 'the Editor of the TlertiM: As is
known to you and to tho Northern
people, the slaves o*f the South have
been emancipated, and they are no
longer subject to the control and gov?
ernment of th? "white man in develop?
ing thc resources nnd in the produc?
tion of the great staples of the South
-cotton, rice, tobacco, lumber, ?SSK.
It is very desirable that the South
should continue to produce their
staples, even in greater abundance
than ever before. It is important to
this section, and equally important to
tho government. _ By the production
of these great staples in abundance, it
is very clear that the United States
must be the most formidable nation, in
the world. Because in all the other
resources which give strength und
greatness to a nation, she surpasses
all nations on the globe, and possesses
in a most eminent degree all those
materials which constitute the great?
ness of a nation. In t consequence of
thc entirely disorganized condition of
the largor of tho South, and thc very
great uncertainty as to whether thc
negro c?n be made profitable as a
laborer, hus caused many of the. think?
ing men of this section to come to the
conclusion that the production of thc
great staples of thc South must to a
very great extent cease, unless white
labor can bo obtained to work thc
lands in this section.
It i?? tho. universal desire of the land
owners to employ white labor on their
farms and as house servants. . I ana
fully satisfied that Eon thousand lab?r
ers wo tl 1 d be in i m c< 1 i at olyA *n i p I <>y c cl a t.
fair juices in Abbeville District, S. C.
This section of the State is very
healthy, ami the lands are fertile.
There is no portion of the State mere
desirable to live in, or ottering greater
inducements to white laborers. The
labor of the South must evciftuallybc
entirely white, if it would enjoy any
degree of prosperity, in thc imme?
diate neighborhood of the writer, one
j thousand white laborers would bc j
employed at once at high wages; Lu
I fact, there never hus been such a pro
! fitabic field for white emigrants. Me
j chanics of all hinds, us well aslabor
j ors, will l*o welcomed ; und ii a
sullicient supply can be obtained, tuen
the prosperity of the country must
increase; while, if the negro is to he
relied OK to supply the wants, in these
respects, of thc country, then gradual
but inevitable ruin is the certain des?
tiny of the South. A railroad passes
through almost every district of the
citato, and any portion 01 tho State
can be reached in forty-eight hours
from tho eily of Newr York. With a
prosperous South, thc United States I
will certainly control the commerce of j
the world. But in the present tho- j
roughly disorganized condition of
labor, and the disinclination of the j
negro to continue to work, the pros-!
peet is indeed gloomy for tho future. !
The supply of cotton, instead of being
next year at the maximum,* will cer?
tainly be far below the minimum of
torn 1er years.
A GREENWOOD (S. GT) PX<AXI?EII.
DEATH OP TUT: CELEBRATED RACE
MAKE AUHXE.-The celebrated tiio
I rough-bred mare Albino, we regret to
: say, died at the Laelede Association j
Training Grounds, near tin's city, on
Saturday, from the effects of a strain J
or rupture ueceived while moving in
a sl?xw gallop on.Wednesday last. She
belonged to John Canley, Esq., of
South Carolina, but during the pas
sago of tin; Federal armies through
that Stftte, was confiscated by an
officer,and brought West. By him
I she was passed to the temporary pos?
session of Dr. J. W. Weldon, one of]
jour most active turf men, who began j
1 to put her in training tor the coming
?St! Louis and Oinoinuiiii full meetings.
At the latter city she was ox peeled to
jenter tl ie. lists, against Asteroid and
I other aide aspirants for the Burnett
I lleuiso plate of one thousand five huu
I dreil dollars. ? Albino was a sorrel in
I color, and was pronounced by cou
I noisseurs tobe one of tho handsomest
janinjalsin the world. St^>- was of ir
] reproaeb??M? blood, being sired by
j Jeff. Davis, and grand-sired by Hero.
In the seasons of 1850 and 1860, she
j made a. brilliant record as a racer hy
j boating Fanny Washington nnd thc
j great Planet, in three and four mile
j heats. "Mr. Canty, her rightful owner,
! had becninforrned of Her presence in
j St. Louis, ?md in good time would
have recovered possession of liis?io
j perty.-"Si. Lions Kcjjuhliaxn, lotti ult.
J Professor William H. Aytcfhn, the
i well-known editor of J Hack wood'*
I Mfa;/i fi io i.>and son-in-law of Professor
! Wilson (Christopher North), thc pre
j ceding editor, died ou the Ith ult.
The Smithsonian institute, a part
of which was destroyed ">yfire last
J winter, i<? being rebuilt tire-proof.
'*..*?
? I1 ? ? ? I I ll ? j
f
'* - Europe.
THE SCHIiESWIO-HOijSTECrf* QUESTION.
It is now stated "that Baron von
Werther had transmitted to <#onnt von
Meuadorg Pomily new proposals from
Herr von Bismarck wr?n regard to the
bouchies. These proposals Hear tho
character of ?a defrnitive decision on
the subject."
The Neue Freie Presse, of Vienna,,
asserts that Baron von Werther and
Count von Mendsorff Pomily had come
to a? understanding, in accordance
with which the possession of the
Thiehies. should continue ou a new
basis, and the present Commissioners
should be replaced.
Herr von Beust was on a visit to
Viennif on the question of the Duchies,
and had boon received by tho Em?
peror. * *
A Berlin telegram says: It is stated
on reliable authority that the opinion
delivered by the Crown lawyers upon
the succession question in the Duelrics
contains the following conclusion:
First : The Duke of Austenburg lias
no right of succession to the whole or
palt"of the Duchies. t
Second: The claims of the Grand
Duke of Oldenburg are only valid with
reference to the (?lottoi pi'portion of
the Duchies in virtue of eventual,
reversh n lary rights.
Third: The rights of King Christian
IX, recognized by the law of s'ne
ccs??on?)f the 31st July, 1863, having
been published and duly introduced
in the Duchies, His Majesty's right of
succession must be considered u.s
legally established, and these have
been transferred by the treaty of
Vienna tit Prussia und Austria.
A Vienna paper states that if the
new negotiations between'Austina and
Prussia should fail, Austria will im?
mediately urge the Federal Diet to
: recognize tho Duke of Austenburg as
sovereign of tho Duchies.
THE HIGHT OF EN<?L.V>;D ACKNOW?
LEDGED TO Tiiv. ISLAND OP SOMBRERO.
-Nature, in its widest sense, is bound?
less in lier resources. She furnishes
all that contribute to tin- material con?
venience and welfare of nianUind.
When from an increased population
and thc advance of time, the huge
forests had disappeared before the axe
of progressive civilization,, and when
by the invention of steam a new sou ice
of supply was needed, from the depths
id' li n- bosom, she poured forth the
hitherto hidden mines of coal, and
thus responded to the demands->f the
i hour and of improvement. And when
i the ordinary means ol' fertilizing tho
j soil had proved insufficient, and agri
j culture for its products required new
(d?ments, smaM islands unfit for the
habitation of man, and merely the
wibi resting place of the birds of the
air, were discovered and found to con
j tain upon their surface large quanti
! tics of a substance by the application
of which, worn-out or exhausted lands
could be recuperated and fruitfukaess
restored.
?Among these was the island o?
Sombrero, one of the so-called Lee?
ward Islands, in tho Caribbean Sea.
i It contained a vast und rich natural
? deposit of the phosphate of lime, ont
I bf the most valuable fertilizers oi
which we have any knowledge. Ame?
rican enterprises, in 185(5, set -afioal
its ships and vessels, and in awhorl
? time over 100,000 tons of itjiad been
imported into this country, and most
of.it used on our Southern lands.
lt now appears that this island wai
first visited by a gentleman from Eng
land in the year LS1L, ami again in thc
year 1S'25. and that he then report?e
to the British authorities the" benefit'
1 which would accme to agricnltiir<
I from taking advantage of .its rich de
posits, but that this met with but lit
j tie encouragement, and was pass?e
! idly by. As soon, however, as tin
energy of our people hud hewn out tin
way and begun to make iB available
the british Govo?'nnientset up its pro
test und claim on the ground of prio
discovery. An official corresponden c<
hus taken place between thc two (Jo
I vernments, and the right of Grea
britain to its possession conceded
I The Boyal Agricultural Society hav
had its adaptation for the purposes o
increased production under conside
ration, ?nd have announced its prc
i prietorship as of great importance t
i th*e british farmer, and as acceptabl
I to the agriculturist as it is likely to b
j valuable to the merchant hod slii]
owner.-Charleston Courier, 22ri ult.
(b?v. Sharkey, of Mississippi, ha
issued a proclamation Calling on th
I people to form two companies in cac
I county, one of cavalry and the othc
? of infantry, for the purpose of puttin
I a stop to murders and robberies.
I Page k Co.'s cotton factory at Men
I phi?gwas burned on the lilth instan
I Loss ?10,000.
Madame LoVcrt will soon publis
a volume entitled "Souvenirs .of tl
I War."
I^ocal Items.
*Our readers aro reminded that the elec
tion for members of thc Convention take?
jdace to-day. Comply with thc law ami
poll your votes.
Messrs. Townsend & North arc thecgeMa
in^this city for thc Charleston Kde*. Wt,
are indebted to them-for a copy. Weare
a??jo under renewed obligat*??tis to the
Southern Express Company for late pap?is. *
Our readers are reminded that Mr. D. T.
Harvt>y is running a daily line ol' four-horse
post coaches between this city and tho tcr
-minus of thc Charlotte Radroad. As his
teams are in line condition and th<ire aro
relays of fresh horses on thc route, the trip
is mad?; in the shortest time. Mr. H. hus
made the necessary arrangements and is
now carrying a daily mail between the two
points, which is a matter of croat" impor?
tance to the entire community. Persons
residing in that section of country desirous
of obtaining the news from Columbia, can
now do soby forwarding their subscriptions
to the Pha??c.
PROMTS?.U OF TSG PHOENIX.- \v*e have
great satisfaetion in announcing to our
readers tho safe retain of our vigorous and
enterprising publisher from New York,
wherp he has siteeecded in procuring such
supplies of matci'"o'.-presses, founts of type,
varieties of letter and ornament-as will
enable tho Pho:nixto take a still farther
flight, on a still broader wing, surpassing
all previous Rurpussings, and showing as
proudly and galliinlly in thc air as any rival
nows organ in om- atmosphere. Star's, and
Stats, and Eagles, and Banners, Couriers and
Mercitries. shall not soar or shine morv#
proudly in thc literary or political world;
and, as an augury of thc resuscitation,
growth ami future graiuleor of Columbia,
tho Ph-r-nix will steadily preserve her up?
ward .-.nd onward course, until she becomes
a first--lass messenger of prosperity and
triumph to our people. Let them ta kc those
Assurances in good faith. In a little tina-,
and al! our pronHaes shall be mole than .
realized.
--~ .-.- m -
NICKEKSOX'S Ii' /r.'U.. -Some siatecn wagon
loads of furniture, for Niokerson's Hotel,
which arrived on Friday, sufficiently assures
our public that there will be no diftlcuity in
providing lodging and nil thc comforts for
the members of the Convention at the ap
preaching session. Mr. Nickorson\s well
len o wu energy is not lacking now. when i:.
is so mnch needed. Wc have '.n? to add
that tho members of tho Convention anil
the Legislature need he under no :?ppre'.i?,n
sions of a deficiency ol' shelter, bread, ? ieat
and all tho creature comforts in Columbia.,
whenever the publie duties shall ?c?uip>-l
their ??ppcarunce bor'. Nay, the lev.ines
will not lie wanting with all those whoso
patriotism r< quires '.n external stimulus for
action. Our "Local"-we -<uirs?.?lf- th?
.plural im* of thc pivei::Ct- -uaw been at.
pains to obtain tue assicaneo from private
housekeepers, ?'uat accommodations shail
not be wanting. Venerable senators and
seniors of the State have only to apply to us
at the %Phonix office, and we will secure
them good lodgment, in good quarters,
under the management of fair liouserkcep
,ers, who will make them forget that they
are temporarily j?ieeitt from the certainties
and sweets of Ironie. Let them take our
assurances, and believe that we are fully
competent to fulfill our words.
DISTINGUISHED AIUUVAES?-His Excellen?
cy Governor Perry arrived yesterday from'
Greenville, and has his quarters at the Shi?
ver House. Generals Meade and Gilliriore,
of the United States army, baie also arrived
at ?be capital, and taken lodgings at tho
Shiver House. General Meade.is on a tour
of survey, inspection and examination
throughout this miiibtry district, where lin
ff?\ have milch to learn. These distill-',
guishod persons are met in conference upon
the state of affairs in S nub Carolina, ami
there is much of evil to exercise and require
the utmost wisdom, and no small will, nu?
its correction. We hear of most atrocious
outrages in many places, on the part of the
black troops-outrages Of a chairautcr too
shocking to designate by name. For ?vbat
good purpose these troops are kept in J?ie
country ?iud scattered over it, il would be
difficult to say. It P process were particu?
larly required, for defeating all the hopes of
tuc experiment, at Converting slave into free
labor, and for driving thc white population
to madness*, no.better one could be devised,
j Wo hope that those gentlemen, thus cn
trusted with the great and difficult work cf
I carrying out a most novel experiment, at
once in montis, politics, society and labor
the uro.-; complicated problem, perhaps,
ever i-ubin itt eu-to y people - wiil bring to
this conn renee a lU grce of wisdom, justice,
ami conci?ati.ii, snell a;* has not hitherto
been very conspicuous in tho management
>f our affairs, it is true that th" people of
the South are a conquered people; but wc
have been told and have assumed, that it is
no part of the plan of the Government that
they should be treated ns. such, ft cert air. Iv?
is not'the policy ol the Government that it
should be so.. let sb it certainly is ?it pre?
sent. -, ^
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.- -At tention is called
to the following advertisements, which aro
published for the lirst time this morning:
Gibbes Si Co.-Barque for Liverpool.
.Conner's United States Type Foundry.
Lawrence, Baldwin & Co.- -Brokers, ?vc.
The Missesnfctenry-School Notice.
Moise ?V Orchard- For. Public benefit.
Mordecai & Co. -Com. Merchants, ftc.
Jas. A. Black-Compt roller-Gen."s Office.,
Nomination of Dr. Geiger.
Lox 88,'Newberrv- -Drug Store for Sale.
Shelton, Calvo & Walsh-Shoes, ftc.
Regular Meeting Fire Department.
Several persons have been arrested
in .San Antonio on charges of makin?:
away with public property and money
I culbrae?>d in the terms of surrender.
The work on the Mississippi ('en?
trai Railroad progresses rapidly, ami
|4t vii] probably be completed and in
? operation by October 1.