COLUMBIA.
i Tuesday Morning, August 15,1865.
Leay ns to uc Taught.
How events teach" the successive
. generations,'grho yet refuse to learn \
How the ancient laws of God re-assert
their utility and. nece'sjsity, after av
ihousand y?ilrs of false and frivolous
convention! "Thou shalt earn thy
bread in the sweat of thy brow," is the
decree. The decree,, delivered as a
penalty, duly obeyed, becomes the
* secret of innumerable and permanent
blessings. Neglected, denied, repudi-^
ated, the law finally asserts itself, aral
compels respect from the offender.
But a day ago, a worthy, citizen said
ta us: "What a cruel thing it is that I
was not trained to some gool handi?
craft; that I was not educated or
taught as a carpenter, bricklayer or
blacksmith. I should not now be des?
titute. I should have, my secret of
employment ami existence at my fin
'ger's ends, and should not now be
looking mound me, in vain, seeking
what tb do." Exactly! The great
effort of mankind, in its blindness, is
lo escape labor-to escape the law!
Men rush into the professions, or be
become accountants, book-keepers,
clerks, collectors, agents, (actors, until
the country is covered, at this ino
m jnt, with swarms seeking easy work,
a? they fancy, or work which shall not 1
soil the lingers-all of whom aire in
each other's wi^\ It was a sufficiently
evil feature in this practice that, in
the case of the professions, two out of
every three were out of their proper
places, and intruders into the places
of better men. The professions are
properly the fountains of authority
and sacred opinion. They are the
guardians of society. Let them be
inferior and incompetent, and they
degrade thc* professions and deprive
society of its best securities. The
evil consequences follow inevitably in
general misrule and i<iin. We owe n?>
small portion of the evils which ?now
rind us prostrate to the incompetence
and worthlessness of professional men;
to the wretchedness of legislation ;n
wretched hands; to the terrible .dis?
proportion of these classes to the
physical laborers in the community.
And the just judgment of God
avenges upon society this usurpation
of position by the worthless, and this
overcrowding of certain occupations
to the neglect of others, which, in the
exigencies of society, as at present,
become th?only useful. At this mo?
ment, the vast numbers of persons
bred up as book-keepers, accountants,
clerks,, tte., to say nothing of profes?
sional ^men, seeking employment in
the citie^seeking agencies of business
where there can be no business-sit?
ting upon hungry benches, looking
right and left for the means of food
presents the spectacle of a very army,
famishing in the? country which they
have plundered of all its food. Happy
he, of these classes, who has an occu?
pation at his fingers' ends-who cali
build a house of brick or ?wood, make
a coat, a pair of boots, a box, a cask,
a horse, shoe, or do any work for
which the necessities of society com?
pel ll continual demandv Let parents
take warning from this condition of
things. Let them put their sons to
honest trades, which involve labor
and tho acquisition of sonni usefnl
craft. Let them abandon the foolish
vanities which made them strive to
keep them from hard labor. If the
boy is one of superior talent?, en?
dowed for a profession by the deity,
th? habit of work and pains-taking
will not hurt him for tho professions
-will be a help-since labor i$ one
essential elements of all educational
training. Let him be put at fourteen
to a trade for five or seven years, and
he will not bo found at a loss for the
means of life, whatever the convul?
sions of society. And ?lt the thou?
sands who go abotit asking Avhere to
go, and what to do, go to the fanners
and take up th" plough, arri, stripping
A
cheerfully to their tasks, they'will dis?
cover that their banks of potatoes,
corn and peas are banks of unfailing
resources, which never delude with
promises, never to be paid in the hour
of trouble. _ .
IV.-To thc <;r<-ut German People.
After an interval of a week "I re?
sume these essays, ??nd will go on
speaking of the profits which can be
made bf horticulture in South Caro
lina. But very little attention has
been paid to the raising of fruit in
this connery. The capacities of our
soil and climate, for this QlPvince of
culture, have been shamcofly neglect?
ed. A successful fruitgrower, here,
is a rare person, "a rara ari's, in terra-"
notwithstanding that a few enterprise
iug men have shown' what can be
done. The fruits, all of them, of
the temperate and semi-tropical re?
gions, can be produced and will nour?
ish here. The apple grows to perfec?
tion in the Tipper districts of this
State. The plum, cherry and peach
grow in abundance throughout the
State, and so ?lo, with but few excel**:
tiens, the pear, hg and strawberry.
The raspberry and blackberry grow
wild. Of the capacity for manufac?
turing wines, I will not speak here,
but intend to devote to it a whole
letter, as the soil-is so favorable for
this enterprise; that thefsubjeet should
be discussed at length. Not only j
does the apple flourish here, but it is
?preserved by drying for winter UH?1, |
and is freely used in making cider, a
very profitable experiment, and for ?
distilling it into brandy. Th?" apple
brandy distilleries have been proved |
to be very profitable. Apples are j
greatly waisted in orchards, by letting
[the oilals to remain on the ground, a
too common thing in this country,
where the. people have not been used |
to look closely after small things. The j
cultivation of staple crops, bringing
them large profits, mid making tin m
regardless of minor interests however :
important.
A Gerfhaii horticulturist would go j
on in a diiferent?way. He would look
io these trifles, not ns.trifles; but as
liions of vast importance, in a general
economy, telling at 1 ist in money.
The peach is dried for Winter us.1;
distilled into liquor, or sohl, when
ripe, for eating and for culinary pur
I poses. I must here remark that, in j
lihis State, the peach ripens'much
sooner than at the North, and, conse?
quently, that Ulereare largo exports
mad.', annually, from Carolina to the
hitter region. This interest, by-the
Iway, is one of large profits. A\ e ;
know of horticulturists, ;.s for exam- i
pie, Mr. Wm. Gregg, who, in ono
season, made over $10,O0U by this bu- i
siness, and this from no greater unm- !
ber of trees than would cover three j
acres of groi?iid. Having travelled j
through this State, and observed and
converse? with planters everywhere.
I am assured of the truth of all that [
state, and could give the names of
many of the most, successful and re
I speetablo parties in this country, con
! firming equally my statements and
opinions. But when I mention these
examples, 1 am by no mean? prepared
to say, that any thing hus been ade?
quately done in thc way of fruit cul?
ture,* Except in occasional instances:
It is for our German people to do
much more. There, have been some
successful fruit growers, quite enough
to show what .may bo dom', and the
man, who has intelligence and*enter?
prise sufficient, to establish a proper
nursery, on a first European plan,
will'lay'the foundation of a fortune.
Mr. W. Summers, of this State, has
made? fortune by this particular kind
of business; he had employed a Gw
man?gardener and horticulturist, and'
his mu s TV. not more than five years
old, yet kept in order, insures him a
I handsome return, annuallv. for all
his outlay. HEKMA?fN.
THE BEOD?NINO OF THE* END.-We
understand, says the N^w Orleans
Pjcaynn \ that, on account of the de?
moralization of negro labor in many
parts of the State, the white popula?
tion have vigorously and industriously
taken hold of the work themselves,
and are producing some of the best
crops now growing. The people are
beginning to see that under the new
system of African labor, or want of
system rather, mo farther dependence
is to be put in that race, and they
have resolved to do their work them?
selves. Industry was always honored
in Louisiana, and unless African labor
is better tlire'cted, we expect to see it
disregarded altogether, and our fertile
lauds cultivated by the. more vigorous
I r od intelligent labor < >i the white man.
. ... . ?jK*
Spcccli of <?fT? B? F. Perry,
'J/i.t?e Corni ITotUe, Greenville, S. G.,
on Tuesday, A ugitst 1, on his ret?rti
from Wcmingtttt. , +
FELLOW-Cr?izENs: I Have mot you
this morning, not to make a speech,
but to talk'over the incidents bf my
late visit to Washington. I started
there, thr?e weeks since, as your dele?
gate, to ask for the appointment of a
Provisional Governor, and the resto?
ration of . civil atiAoiity in South
Carolina. On 'my way, I met a mes?
senger from his Excellency President
Johnson, bearing a commission ap?
pointing mc' Provisional Governor of
. the State. This was an honor 'which
'I had not anticipated, and never as?
pired to.
On my arrivai in Washington, T ad?
dressed a' note to tue President, asking
thc honor of an audience for the pur?
pose of receiving Iiis instructions, and
communicating tm him my views in
reference to thc political tone and
temper of the State. After waiting
that evening and the next day. with?
out hearing from th?1 President, I paid
a visit to Governor Dennison, Post
'niastor-General. Tin's gentlemau re?
ceived me most kindly, and seemed
gratified at the account I gave him ol
j South Carolina. He assured vue that
the President had not received mj
note, and vefy obligingly ordered his
carriage and went to the Executive
mansion to ascertain thc truth of th<
mutter, ina short time afterwards, 1
received a note from Presiden! John?
son, stating.that my communication,
thc day before, liad not been received,
and that hu would see me at throi
o'clock. In rci>ly'. I stated iii .t 1
would do r-tyself the honor to call oi
his Excellency at the hourdi signated
and that my friends Cols. Orr, Elford
Williams, Huron, und Messrs. Leitch
Grady, Gibbes ami Blodgctt, wonk
accompany me. We were receive;
very cordially, und remained an hon;
? or two with tho President. I told hin
that the people of South Carolina ac
cepted the terms of hi# Proclamation
and were disposed to return to thei
allegiance to, the Union. That fron
having- been the most rebellions Stat
in the South. I was satisfied Soutl
Carolina would, henceforth, be ono o
the most loyd of the Southern States
j That she would reform her Const itu
j tion and abolish slavery, give the doc
tion of Governor and Presiden tia
! elections to the people, and eipiaii;:
j the representation of tho State.
I gave it wy opinion that the di.
j union feeling of the South had orig
nated in the parishes.
The President expressed IUIUM1
graf i lied at the course South C ir< lin
was likely to pursue, ?iud instead <
manifesting any bitter <>r reveugi fi
spirit, he evinced groat kindness, sol
citado ai!'* magnanimity. Tho who
delegati ui was deeply impressed wit
tho courtesy dignity and ability c
his Excellency. Iiis political viov
expressed to us were those of a patri?
and statesman. Ho wished to see tl
country! once more quiet, peaceabl
happy and i*osperous. In regard t
thc relative powers of' the State ai
the Federal Government, his ophiioi
were identical with my. own, so lol
expressed in South Carolinjx. *He w
equally opposed to the centvalizath
and consolidation of powers in *Co
gross as lie was to the secession of tl
States. It must b left to the Legis]
turo of each Staff to decide who sin
be allowed to vole in the State. Al
attempt on the pu t of Congress
control the elective franchise of a Sta
would bi' au unwairautal ?le usurpatio
; He expressed au ardent wish to s
I the Constitution of South Caroli
j popularized by abolishing the pari
representation an?, ecpializing thc \
litical power of, tie upper and low
country, giving tito election of (i
vernor to the popio, and also t
elect Lon of electois of President a:
vice-President.
On leaving the President, h<? j
rpiestedmc to call aid seo Mr. Scwai
Secretary ol'State, and give him t
same information [had given his h
cellenev in reference to tlio pub
feelings and sent iiurut of South Cai
lina. This I'did inoompany with t
South Carolina delegation. Wefou
Mr. Seward kind and cordial, a
gratified at the information we gr
him with regard to the politics
South Carolina. Eefore visiting 3
Seward, f hud bein to call on t
Attorney-General, Mr. Speed,
expressed himself airprised and m
lilied at# my Rpeeci, made to you
.the 3d Ol duly. Pit I soon dlscovei
that he had only glanced over :
speech, and did mt comdfehend
tone and temper cf my remarks,
told Mr. Seward what the Attorn
General had said. He replied, I n
your speech thia nwming attentive
and, considering the stand-point fr
which you make it^ I think it a v
good one. When ? was Goverifoi
Now Yorky said Mr. Seward, I usec
[make speeches wiich were very
'????... -, &? ...?
vercly criticised in Charleston, and I
said* to myself, what the devil have the
people of Charleston'to do with my
speech made in New York? I did not
speak to them or for them, but to.the
p?ople of New York. And I suppose.
Mr. Perry, you intended your speech
for SoUth Carolina and not for Wash?
ington. .
The Attorney-Governor expressed a
wish that whilst reforming our Consti?
tution, Ave should give the election of
Governor to the people, and invest
i him*with the power of appointing all
j State and district officers, with the
i advice .'ind consent of thc Senate. I
told him my theory had always been
to give all the important elections,
Posideut^povernor, members of Con?
gress and members of Legislature to
the people, and relieve them of the
trouble oj assembling so rtften to
make petty elections, which generally
tended to corrupt und demoralize
them.
I called on the Secretary of the
Treasury, Mr. McOulloch, "and was
very muebf^deased with him as a gen?
tleman, a public officer and a states?
man. I was furnished in the Treasury
office with a list of appointments
which I had to make. lu doing so, I
endeavored to fill all the offices with
men of capacity, integrity and expe?
rience.
I likewise paid rify respects to the
Secretary of War, in company with
tho S<>;Uh Carolina delegation, and
endeavored to lay before this high
functionary the true condition of af?
fairs in South Carolina. T regretted
not .seeing Gen. Howard, who is at
the head ol' the Freedmen's Bureau in
Washington. But I addressed a let?
ter to him, giving him my views in
reference to the freedmen and asking
his instructions. The whole South
Carolina delegation were earnest in
their efforts to impress the President
Sud his Cabinet with the impolicy ot
garrisoning South Carolina with
colored troops. I had hoped to have
seen Gen. Gilmore on this subject af
T returned through Columbia.
The last .interview I had with th<
President, he requested iue*to writ?
him, and keep him informed as toan\
ilillicnltios which I might meet with
in organizing a Provisional Govern?
ment. I said to him, "1 have already.
.Mr. President, organized a Provi?
sional Government for South Caro?
lina, by adopting thc ??tate Govern?
ment. 1 have issued my proclamation,
ordering all civil officers in Soutl
Carolina to take the oath of allegiance
and resume th?'ir official duties.'
"Well?" said he, "you are a most ex
peditions G?we.rnor." I replied bi
saying my appointment came late, an?
1 thought it necessary to work rapidly
I further said t<> him that I wonk
have the Slate ready, with her'Consti
talion reformed and her members o
Congress ejected by the first Monday
in December, when Congress con
venod.
Fn conclusion, let me say to you
fellow-citizens, that 1 am well please?'
with all that ! saw and hear.? at Wash
ing in reference to thc Southern States
Let us now ihj our duty, take the oat!
of allegiance, elect good and Arise mei
to the Convention, reform our Stat*
Constitution, abolish slavery, equalizt
thc representation ol' the State in tin
Senate, give the election of Governo:
and Presidential electors to the peo
pie, and all will Newell. Immediately
after tho Convention has reformed th*
Constitution, the Legislature will bi
convened io elect United States Se
nators, and provide for the election *J
members Of the House of Representa
tives in Congress. This may all b
?lone by the first Monday in Decem
ber next,.when the State will be full;
restored to all her rights under th
( kmstitution and laws of the Unitei
States.
Ox THE KoAP-SIDK.-Coming fror
the grove, after (ron. Vau Wyc-k's.tal
on Saturday, v?e were surprised t
hear the remarks ol' s-nie of th
darkies who stood within sound of hi
voice. "Book laming*'can't convine
them. Oin* said, "Well, he ?was gla
de ginral said dey would bab ?h> lan
and horses and mules; he thought s
ah de time." Another, "Bless d
ginral, for he says we can marry anv
body now." Strange, too, that, s
soon after speaking of stealing, a soi
?lier should have caught no less tba:
fifteen or them on a certain plants
tion, carrying on a wholesale depredi
t?on. Por shame, colored popmatjor.
?What ?lo you mean? We understan
that the General, being informed ?
this, lamented and mourned consider
ably at these .instances of ignoranc
and delusion, and" promised to tal
more convincingly in future.
I Newberry Herald. I
At a debating society, a wheel
wright -was sahl to bc'the best spokes
man.
Sa<l domestic explosion-an injure
wife lately burst into tears. .
-jj_j_L r i,, ? ? ? " SjjBBBg
? Local Iteiais.
To insure insertion, advertisers aro re?
quested to hand in their not* es before ?j
o'clock p. m.
Our down town readers are reminded t
Mr. C. S. Jenkins has a select stock of pod
at his store on Assembly st- eet, where
most fastidious can, wc car.didly believe,
accommodated. Give him a call.
Mrs. Marrant ha<s sent us samples of he?
magnifioent grapes, figs, pears and flaches.
The reputation of thi> fruit is so universally
conceded, that it is unnecessary to say ono
word in commendrtion of it.
By reference to our advertising colnrns, it
will be seen that a new lino of steamers is
running from Charleston to New York-the
Moueka and Cambridg.. The rates for
freigilt and passengers considerably less
than by tho Leary line. Give them a trial.
ACKXOWLEDGMI:XTS.-Wo beg to return
onr thanks '. > the Greenville Mountaineer
nud Enterprise, tho- Newberry Herald and
thc Broad Liver Ertat Company for then
kind attentions to the Phonix. .We shall
be happy i?i ri quite th.'ir favors when op?
portunity shall he afforded us.
Soinr.F. Mrsic.u.F..-Let our readers not
overlook the card for thc soiree musicale in
our paper, this day, announcing thoconcert
for this evening. Let good fathers and
loving mamas give their daughters a chance
of hearing such m?sicas is not tobe had
ever; day. The poor children have but few
treats of this sort in these p^rilou* and ptii>
ful times. Let thom not forego thc oppor?
tunity. Once ill a way, we may surely ?lint
the bread and butter of a day, that the
young people slymld enjoy a few dreams
and visions in Elvsian land.
NEW x\Dviavnsr.-\ir.XTs... Al tcntion is called
Uto the following advertisements, which are
j published for the first time this morning:
Brig. (rim. Ely-Freedmen's Bureau.
Gen. O. O. Howard- "
R. P. jfavrant-Hot House Grapes.
Durbec Sc Walter--Gold and Silver.
H. Solomon ,t Co.-Fresh Lemons, etc.
H. E. Nichols-Insurance Agency.
Atlantic Coast Mail Line of ?Steamers.
\rch. GettvA Co.-Com. Merchants, &c. '
Darbee ?V walter-Now Goods,
female College-Soiree Musicale.
Federal Appoint menta?
The following appointments of F.od
eral officers in South jfcaroliua have
been made by His Excellency the Pro?
visional Governor:
Col. Charles ,T. Elford, Assessor Ai
the Internal Keveline, and James G.
Gibbes, Collector of the Third Collec?
tion District of the State, including;
the Districts oi' Richland, Lexington,
Edgeiield, Abbeville, Newberry, Pair
held, Chester, Laurens, Anderson,
Pickens, Greenville, Spart?nburg.
Union and York. In each one of
these Districts Sub-Collectors and
Assessors will be appointed by the
Assessor and Collector respectively.
Col. J. H. Norwood, of Darlington,
Assessor, and Coi. Montgomery
Moses, of Sumter, Collector, of the
First Collection District, including
Horn-, Georgetown, Williamsburg,
Marion, Marlborough, Darlington,
Clarendon, Sumter, Kershaw, Ches?
terfield and Lancaster.
In the Second Collection District,
including Charleston, Colletpn, Beau?
fort, Barnwell and Orangeburg.
Messrs. J. P>. SuAvyor and diaries
Haskell were appointed Collector and
Assessor before the Provisional Go
venor received his appointai! nt.
B. C. Presslev, Assistant Treasurer.
W. Y. Leitch, Port Survi vor of
Charleston. v
Fleetwood Lannean, Commissioner
of Direct Tax.
. W. C, Croft, Collector of the Port
of Georgetown.
Hon. Alfred Huger, Postmaster of
Charleston.
J. C. Janney, Postmaster of Co?
lumbia.
S. J. Douthit, Postmaster o%Groen
ville.
J. P. Wells, Emite Agent G. & C.
Railroad.
Augustyie Bacon, Boute Agent G.
& C. Railroad.
C. li. Roberts, Route Agent G. A\ C.
Railroad.
Dr. Roberts, Inspector of Drugs nt
Charleston.
Carter Y. Pool, Route Agent S. C. .
Railroad.
Thos. Miles, Route Agent S. C.
Railroad.
W. C- Meredith, Route Agent S. C.
Railroad.
SOIEEES AND INSTRUCTION.
YOUNG Ladies and Gentlenien in
?Columbia are respectfully informed
that .Mr. F. T. STBAWINS'KI will give
DANCING SOIREES, at the old College
Chapel, on every HJF.SDAY, THURSDAY
and SATURDAY EVENING, with correct
instruction Of all the dances.
The first Soiree will commence on the 22d
of August, at 8 o'clock p. m., with a band of
musk, of this city, and refreshments at Mr.
McKenzie's prices. Admission, ono dollar
aach. Anglo 15