COLUMBIA. __
Saturday Morriir-gr, August 12,1895.
At Home Once More.
We uro in tlie editorial fauteul once
more, having just returned from a ten
days' absence in the Districts of
Oraugeburg and Barnwell We have
had a hard travail, rather than trave?,
over dreadful roads, through short
cuts and long cuts, now in the rut,
now in the mire, doubtful of extrica?
tion, and with an occasional break?
down, full of painful interest to pre?
cious necks and to legs, which, in a
crowd sd wagon, might bo profitably
unhooked and hung up out of harm's
way. For four years, but little has
been done by the commissioners for
working the highway. We know the
fact that, in most of the districts, the
assessment has boen made, to a pretty
considerable amount, for the repairs
of the roads, bridges and ferries. Yes,
we equally behove the fact that no
money, of all that has been collected,
has been expended, in sundry dis?
tricts, on either ot these objects. It
is a matter which needs to bc tented
closely by our grand juries, in all the
districts, as soon as we shall again
come into possession of civil govern?
ment. The roads have, everywhere
during the past year, been cut up by
military trains and purposes. They
are still used for this purpose to a
great extent; yet nobody works them.
Now that the crops are laid by, the
commissioners, if permitted, might
well resume their functions, as a first
public necessity, and call forth all
able-bodied persons, between eighteen
and forty-five, for so many days, as in
former aud better times. This is oue
of those labors in which the civil and !
military authorities might well com- j
monee promptly, and operate toge- I
thor, with their respective forces. Tho
farmers and freedmen have now a
respite from tho corn crop, and the
troops do not seem to have any stress j
of labor in field or camp, to prevent
their repairing those road . which their j
trains have chiefly destroyed, It is
a common necessity which justifies
this common working together. But,
to rasume. We have survived the
roads, the ruts, tho gaps, gullies, mutl
holes, swamps, bad bridges, Kail flats,
which eve. rarely to be found managed
by sharps. We are once moio at the
desk, and congratulate our readers
that they too, like ourselves, have
survived the vicissitudes of the last
two weeks. Nay, something moro thai,
survived. We re-enter Columbia and
see a continued progress. There are
new houses in the field-new shops
are opened-now firms are established
-new lines of communication and
longer droves of wagons. Charleston
is emptying her stores upon us; nor do
our merchants any longer stop at 1
Charleston. We note them returning
from New York with fresh novelties j
full of temptation, and persuasive of
greenbacks from reluctant pockets.
The cry is still they come, and cotton
is on the go. The roads are covered
with cotton wagons, revealing the ac?
cumulation of the last four years.
Three months will probably exhaust
the accumidatiou in our hands.
Southern Colonization in Brazil.
As there is still considerable talk
among our people as colonization in
Brazil, and much anxiety prevails
?f?nong ' them for information as re
speers that country, we subjoin the
following, which is understood to be
from the pen of a very distinguished
gentleman-a former Minister to Bra?
zil. We have no doubt that many
cAvnies for this country are in process
of formation, and some probably on
the eve ,:f departure. We would cau?
tion all of them to look deliberately
before they take the leap. Vague
reports which we have been unable
to trace to any authoritative source,
represent the Emperor of Brazil as
offering bounties in land, in slaves,
and even in money, to emigrants from
thc Southern .'tates of this country.
OM>---g=-------?*^
We "think it quite likely that the Em?
peror would be pleased to weleomo a
hundred thousand of our people, but
know no reason to suppose that he
seeks to buy Ins whistle at au extrava?
gant price. He will welcome all who
come, and possibly give the use of
lauds, and probably provide for the
needy for a short period; but he is not
able to do much more. Briefly then,
let our people look heedfully to re?
ported facts, and take every precaution
before taking the first step:
First-Brazil is, in my opinion, a
most suitable and desirable country
for Southern raised people. Its Go?
vernment is a mild monarchy, well
and evenly administered. The rights
of persons and property are .sacredly
respected, and when invaded, as
speedily vindicated as anywhere in the
w? ?rid.
Second-The climate of many por?
tions of the empire is very fine-tho
thermometer ranging from 80 to 59.
Much of the country is mountainous,
and the supply of water is very fine,
fresh freestone.
Third-There are large tructs of un?
improved lands, much of which is
vastly rich, and penetrated by good, j
and in many cases, navigable rivers.
Fourth-The country produces !
sugar, cotton, rice, tob?ceo, coffee. |
hideaphorns, tallo*, medicinal plants, j
and-fine rosewood. The province of ;
Pernambueo raises cotton, sugar and
rice. Bahia produces sugar and coffee.
Rio Janeiro the woods, coffee and me?
dicinal plants. The Rio Grande is
the great district for hides, horns,
billow, etc. Many of the minerals are
found in the St. Paul's province,
where are situated the diamond, gold,
and silver mines. A railroad has been
constructed, penetrating the country
from the great city of Rio Janeiro to
the city of St. Paul's, a distance of
lot? to 170 miles. The city of Rio
Janeiro in 1856 had a peculation of
500,000. St. Paul's, 80,000. Thc
latter lias greatly increased in the last
five years.
Fifth -1 would prefer a settlement
on thc St. Francisco River, or in thc
province of St. Paul's. Both are rich
and healthy countries, and accessible.
The ono is in the interior, the other
from seventy to eighty miles from the
coast. There arc other very desirable
districts whicli hold out strong induce?
ments for settlement. There are large
tracts of very linc'a ids in Rio Janeiro,
suitable for cotton, and especially for
coffee, which is thc great staple of the
country, the empire having exported
as much as 3*500,000 bags in a year.
Codec is vesy easily raised. The third
year after it is planted it produces a
fair yield, and then progresses, in?
creasing in proportion from year to
yeal*. There are fair producing trees
fifty years old. The nett revenue from
each hand was, when I left Rio Ja?
neiro, counted at from four to six
dollars.
I Sixth-Emigrants should take with
them a supply of plain, strong, hght
clothing, including boots, hats and
shoes, to lust them a year, also some
furniture.
Seventh-The Government grants
four hundred acres of lind to actual
settlers. Some wheat a nd Indian e< u n
is raised in the country. But the ar?
row-root, banana and orange, yield so
abundantly that they furnish largo
supplies for food. The arrow-root is
an admirable article for use. The
price of beef ranges from five to seven
cents per pound. /
Eighth-The entire population in
1850 was about seven millions and a
half: of these, four millions were free
whites, three millions were slaves,
and five hundred thousand were free
negroes.
Ninth-The .nit of habaos corpus
trial by jury, religious freedom of
speech and of thc press, are all guar?
anteed by the Constitution, and prac?
tically prevail. Many of the people
are highly educated, and in the pro?
vince of Rio Janeiro they have in
full operation a pure system of free
schools.
It is ?aid that eighty plantations in
Louisiana have recently been confis?
cated. Those embrace many of th?
finest sugar estates of the Southern
country. Mr. Conway, the Govern?
ment agent, is making arrangement*
to divide up these estates into forty
acre lots for freedmen and poor whites.
A correspondent of tho Dunkirl
Journal says, that the celebratec
Indian warrior, Bloody Hand, of tin
Seneca Nation of indians, died on thi
Cattaraugus Reservation on the IOU
ultimo, nearly one hundred years old
He is represented *to have been terri
bio with the tomahawk and scalping
knife.
f
New York City.
Thc World publishes a long article
on the censos? etc., of New York, from
which -we condense the following:
TAXES-PROPERTY-DEBT.
Tim taxes for 1865 amount to $17,
246,80P. The real and personal pro?
perty in the city is estimated at $608,
784,355. Tho debt of the corporation
amounts to $34,142,523.5').
POPULATION OF THE CITY AT DIFFERENT
. PERIODS.
The following table shows the popu?
lation of the city at different periods,
dating as far back as 1G56, when a
census was first taken by order of the
city fathers:
Population in 1656. 1,000
Population in 1673. 2,500
Population inlG9G. 4.302
Population in 1731. 8,628
Population in 1756-100 years. 10,381
Population in'773. 21,876
Population in 17?M?. 23,0*4
Population ia 1790 . 33,131
Population in 18U0. 60,489
Population in 1810. 96,373
Population in 1820. 123,706
Population in 1825. 166,089
Population in 18C0. 202,589
Population in 1S35 . 270,068
Populati ni in 1840 . 812,852
Population in 1845. 371.223
Population in 1850. 512,394
Population in 1855 -quite 200 vears. 629.810
Population in i860.*.. 814.254
Population in 1865.1,008,230
Thus it will l?e ? on that the early
progress of the groat metropolis was
very slow. In one hundred years, the
population had increased from one
thousand to but a fraction over ten
thousand. Oilier places-Philadelphia
being at thc heat!-threatened to be?
come the gre;1.! commercial centres of
tho New- World, and it was not till
long after independence had been se?
cured " that New York became the
acknowledged mistress of American
cities.
EMIGRATION TO NEW YORK.
In speaking of tho tide of emigra?
tion constantly flowing into the city
of New York, people generally sup?
pose that the great majority who
arrive hero from foreign lands intend
staying but a short time, before taking
leave for the interior or Western part
of the country. This is not so, us the
official returns show that over fifty }*ei\ ?
cent, intend, upon arriving, to make
the city their home. Disappointed,
perhaps, in their expectations con?
cerni?- .labor, or preferring, after
experience, country to city, lotus sup?
pose that only twenty-five pur cent,
remain. Thc following table shows
the number who have landed at the
port of New York in each year from
1846 fco 1865:
1817.129,002 I 1856.112,342
ISIS.189,17?! 1S.,7. 183.775
181!?.220.791 1858. 78.588
lsf?0. 12,7'.'-H 1850 .79.322
1*51.280,60] , ISM).104,900
1852 . 300,992 j I sst.(55,629
1853.284.915 I lSi;2#. 76,306
1854.319,225 I 1863.150,841
185".130,233 I 1861.182,910
As a matter of course, many thou?
sands of these have remained alien ,
on account of the w? r, and cannot be I
counted, but the fact th:d fifty per I
cent, register themselves for residence |
in New York, proves, if at thing, |
that our population is ur h greater j
than ?the official returns oi the past
ten years ever showed it to be. As
confirmatory' of thin wt pre:.- ut the j
figures reached by tho sanitary sur
vey made by the City Inspector's De- j
partaient, with a view of ascertaining j
the exact number of inhabitants, their j
mode of life, kind of dwelling, etc. j
There are no restrictions, and, conse- j
qncntly, better opportunities of reach- '
ing the c xact results. The survey
gives the following figures:
Increase |
Year. Popnlat?m. euch Yt or. i
1850 . 515,55!)
1H51. 516,400 20,850
1852 . 458,412 21.71?
1653 . 581,018 22,000
1854 . 601,614 23,590
1855. 627,000 24,380 |
1856 . 656,(04 27,054 |
1357 . 638,404 31,750
1858 . 724,808 ?6,404
1859 . 706,392 41,584
1800. 813.699 47,885
1801. 866,820 52,000
1802 . 923,200 57.000
1863.1,000.000 70,800
18G4.1,080,000 80,000
PRESENT POPULATION OF THE CITY.
The following ligures show the
population of the city, according to
the State census of 1855, and the
United States census of I860, The j
figures for 1865 are based upon returns
already made, together with the esti?
mates of the most intelligent State
enumerators, and while likely to vary
some, thousands, yet not sufficiently
so to affect the representation. New
York will Be entitled to in tie* coming
Legislatures. The figures for 1805,
as we have said, arti not official, and
the peculiarities of some are explained
below. "Mut the men whose experience
Las been tho most extensive, concur
in saying that if a fair enumerat ion of
the population has been maths the
total will roach at least eleven hun?
dred thousand, leaving out "aliens
and persons of color not taxed."
Time ?-ill tell how far out of the way
these experts are: .
Fst.
Wards. 1355. 1800. 18(j5.
First. 13,430 18.148 17.250
Second. 3,249 2.50C 2,000
Third. 7,900 3,757 3,000
Fourth. 22.895 21.9^4 22,500
Fiith. 21,617 22,M37 . 20.500
Sixth. 25,502 26,Cf.f> 28.200
Seventh. 34,422 39,982 45,000
Eighth. 34.052 89,400 44.300
Ninth. 39,982 44,385 53,000
Tontli. 20,378 29,004 33,500
Eleventh. 52,979 59,571 69,000
T.vclfth. 17,656 30,651 45,000 i
Thirteenth .... 26,597 32,917 39,500
Fourteenth.... 24,754 28.080 35,000
Fifteenth. 24,046 27,587 32,000
Sixteenth. S9,823 45.176 55.000
Seventeenth... 59,548 72,953 93,000
Eighteenth.... 39.415 57.462 74,000
Nioeteenth ... 17,866 3? 795 57,000
Twentieth. 47.055 07,519 8:?.000
Twenty-first... 27,914 49.017 71,500
Twenty-second 22,605 61,725 80.(100
Total.629,810 813,069 1,003,250
Tlve Last New Yori Situations. |
We have New York papers-the He, I
raid, Times and Anni/ <m<l Nani Jour- !
nat-of the 5th inst. We do not find .
much news, in the sense proper of J
news. There is really nothing sensa- i
tional, unless it be a horrid account of j
the cruel tics alleged to be practiced I
upon the prisoners of the Federal j
army by the keepers of the prison nt
Anderson ville. Ga. A correspondent
of the Times, who claims to have been
a foreman of the grand jury in Geor?
gia, iind who admit? that he harbored
escaping prisoners, gives a detailed
picture of the horrors of the prison,
such as vies with the worst atrocities
of the dark ages. We are unwilling
to believe in any such authority. We
have no doubt that the prisoners suf?
fered. Prisoners are apt to suffer.
We have horrible accounts of tin;
treatment of Confederate prisoners in
some of the Northern prisons; but we
really have no notion that the prison?
ers at Andersonrille suffered from any?
thing worse than unavoidable con?
straint, crowded cells, and food of
inferior quality and quantity-the
Confederate soldiers living on just
such food and under just such cir?
cumstances during one-half the war.
A defensive treaty has been formed
in South America between the States
of Salvador, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile,
Equador, Peru and Venezuela, bind?
ing for fffteen years-forme?! for com?
mon defence against foreign interven?
tion.
Paroled rebels arc forbidden to visit
Baltimore, unless l y specif permit.
Doubts are beginning to be enter?
tained, touching the prospect of suc?
cess i'r the extension and working of
the great ed ?le between Sheern rsa and
Valentia Bay. The Great Faso rn, it
is found, possesses not more tha i half
the necessary steam power for the
work; and the scientific theorists be
gin to be greatly divided as to the
ultimate success of the telegraph-one
party being decidedly of opinion that
though some few words may be trans?
mitted, the electric current will prove
too feeble., passing over a line of such j
length, to have any continued ?jr
worlcing utility. 1
Gen. Breckinridge is expected ct j
Mon ?real, wh'ch is described by the j
Herald as the rebid tn-st. Commnn- !
der Wilkinson, of the Tallahassee, !
and Capt. Taylor Wood, formerly of I
the same craft, were already there. j
The United States Consul at Alex- I
andria. Egypt, reports that there were i
i,7iS5 deaths from Asiatic cholera in
that city, in twenty days, of June and
July, and that over 30,000 citizens had i
ried the pince. The accounts from j
other places, to the same effect, were I
equally distressing.
G?hl was 144 a 143 ;s J. Cotton
was dull and heavy. Gold and cotton
both at a decline argues a political
force at work rather than a commer?
cial. Nous rerans.
Wc may add, to what is said of the
great cable, that on the 5th, the Great
Eastern hud already been out eleven
?lays-a much longer tim?? ?han would
have been needed for her ordinary
voyage. We make some extracts from
these papers, but they an- generally
of little value.
T.um SoiiDiEB.-A paroled rebel,
seven and a half feet high, recently
arrived at (.'airo. He started out with
the Miss?mri troops at the commenee
ment of the war. When the Colonel
first saw him on dress parade, he or
dered him to "get ott" that stump."
This created great merriment among
the men. "Get ott' that stump" be?
came a by-ward with the Missouri
rebels, and it will no doubt live a3
long as the Missourian.
[Meniphis Commercial.
In Southern Kansas the people are
getting terribly in earnest in putting
down thieving. Not long since six
thieves were hung in Franklin County,
j without the least benefit of clergy.
Ziooal Items.
We aro indebted to Mr. A. L. Solomon for
copies of Northern papero of th?. 1th and
5th. _^_.
AH civil law is about being re-established,
our lawyer friends aro again "hanging out
their shingles." W. H. Talley, Esq., has re?
turned to Columbia, and will resume prac?
tice at the bar.
MAJ. GEN. JOSEPH B. KERSHAW.-We have
great pleasure in announcing the safe re?
turn of this gallant officer, released from
prison and returning to his family, from
which he has been aba?nt for nearly two
years. In his anxiety to reach Camden, the
General's stay in Columbia was too brief to
suffer his numerous friends and admirers to
sec or seek him out. His health is. excel?
lent and spirits good. He speaks favorably
of bis treatment while a prisoner, and grate
tully acknowledge the kiudness received at
the hands of numerous citizens in the
region where he was so k>ng in captivity. It
is with the greatest satisfaction that wo
welcome home this noble gentleman, de?
cidedly one of the most gu ne soldiers pro?
duced by this war. Hi returns, yeo trust,
io make his family hapt y, t.> relieve all anx?
ieties, and to become orne more thc useful
anet devoted citizen. We need all such now,
and the record of Gen. Kershaw gives to his
people a full guaranty of his superior capa?
city for future service in any field.
MUSICAL TREAT.-There is a musical treat
itv store for our citizens-something to re?
lievo the monotony of thc times and streets.
We aro promised a musical concert, of
highly capable professors and amateurs, on
Monday evening next. The performers will
include among them Mr. D. B. Clayton, tho
well known and highly distinguished or?
ganist, among musicians, for solong a time,
of St. Philip's Church. Charleston. He will
be assisted by Mr. K. Issortcl (well known
among amateurs) and Mr. Corbett, cele?
brated, wherever known, asa baritone, with
other amateurs. Mr. Durbee (perhaps bet?
ter known as Monsieur Martini) will contri?
bute several of his humorous and comic
songs, in which his excellence is acknow?
ledged. We had the pleasure of a foretaste
of the public pleasure, yesterday, attei d ng
a rehearsal of these gentlemen, and we can
speak with confidence of the excellence of
the promised treat to our pleasant public.
In Monday's paper, the programme of tins,
performance will appear, with all due parti?
culars. Lut the lovers of music be all ears
for this occasion.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.-Attention is called
to the following advert ?sement?, which are
published for the first time this morning:
C. 1'. Reinsen-Sewing Machine for Sale.
Reynolds A Reynolds-Dentistry.
.1. G. Gibbes -Fairbank's Scales.
Jacob I.evin Variety bale.
Jacob hell - Citation'of Edward Hunt.
Davis A McEeat-Forwarding Notice.
Wm. H. Talley-Attorney at Law. ie.
John Stork-Cabinet and Nectar WhLkey.
Simons' & Kerrison-Thee.
Kenneth & Gibson -Gunny Bagging, etc.
" -Flour.
FAIR EXCHANGES.- -"We give the fol?
lowing new view of amalgamation in
the right direction, being an anecdote
from one of the upper districts, ex?
tracted from a private letter:
Captain T. B-is becoming very
popular in this district. Crowds visit
his office every day, to have commis
saiy and quartermaster stores distri?
buted among them. The country
ladies in particular come. But a few
days ago the Captain was nonplussed.
Tlie office ?vas full, and an old lady
walked in, when the following dia?
logue took place:
Old Lady. - "Capt. B-, we poor
people is very much obliged to you for
being so kind as to give us so much
good things, and we hopes. Captain,
you will stay here and take care of us."
Capt. B.-"I will be happy to do
so, ma'am."
Old L.-"And you see, Captain, we
has a great many fine gals-a great
many, indeed, Captain-and you see
all tim young men's is killed in the
war, and if you and your men stay,
our gals can have you for husbands."
Capt. B.-"Thank you, ma'am, very
much; but what will our girls do at
home?"
Old L. - "Oh! I thought you sent
on all them niggers for husbands for
your gals."
I need not say that the house came
down, and the Captain was let down.
.A REMARKABLE RECORD.-The Cu?
nard Steamship Company is twenty
five years old ibis summer. A Lon?
don pap?r, in alluding to the anniver?
sary of the sailing of the first vessels
of this corporation, says that during
the whole of the period of its exist?
ence not a single hie or letter has been
lo3t by any of its steamers. -
Madame ElizaH. Junia! died on the
16th instant, at .Washington Heights,
her late residence. It -will be r -mem?
bered that Aaron Burr was her last
husband, bul they having separated,
the Madame adopted her first hus?
band's name.
Chambersburg is rising from ita
ashes. The court housed three hotels,
j and buildings and business houses aro
\ going up in ul! directions.