VOL. I....NO. 8. CHARLESTON, S.O., TUESDAY, AUGUST 23, 18C5. PRICE FIVE CENTS. THE CHARLESTON DAILY NEWS, ICATHCART, McMILLAN & MORTON, PROPRIETORS, INTO. 18 HAYNE-STEEET. TERMS?CASH. DAILY?ONE YEAR.-.$10.00 DAILY-SIX MONTHS.5?00 DAILY-THREE MONTHS.? ?? j?- Single Copies FIVE CENTS. ??-Ncws Dealers supplied nt a liberal discount. ADVERTISING. One Square, Ten Livres, one insertion, ONE EOL LVR AND ?TFTY CENTO. Each cori?nuaUon, SEVENTY-FTVE CENTS. Lees than a square, TiFTKEN CENTS PER LD?E for Brst insort?on ; HALF PRICE for eachf ex pression and by generalities about the danger of innovations, the impossibility of cxtentling politi cal rights to all classes, and by a formal and ilia tiuct opposition to the Abolition of slavery. A noteworthy passage, to which I call your atten tion, is that m which slave trading ie condemned as an immoral traffic which public opinion con demns. Suppose that, suspecting tho sincerity of that opinion, you happen to turu the page, what will you see at the end of the document ? AlnH ! nothing moro or less than the signatures of the most prominent slave-traders of Cuba, such as Julian dc Zulncta, the Marq?ese of Mariaudo, Francisco Marty y Torrens, Antonio do la T?r nente, Gonzales Larrinogn, Tuon Perez Calvo, Ruiz Leon, aud a lot of others. Does not this contradiction between words and acts make the petition of tho reactionist? a hypocritical exposi tion of aentiments resting upon no single truth, and having no other incentive but tho interests of thoso who nave signed it ? PETITION OF THE PROGRESSIVE ?7UBANS, Quite different is tho petition of the progressive Cubans to the Queen. As far as I can judge from i the letter published iu tho ?poca, the complaints of tho latter rest upon indisputable moral ground, upon tho increase of vicee and crimes in Cuba, resulting from tho present system of government, upon the necessity of granting political privilege? by tho assimilation of tho Spanish colonies to the metropolis, and upon the urgency of reforming slavory, auch aa it exists at present. Tho petition ers, wno consist of the best aud wealthiest inhabi tants of Cuba, state, among other things, that they hope that the defence of Cuban's rights, presented before tho Cortes by several of its mombers?a de fence the publication of which was, by tho way, prohibited in Cuba?will be continued, and that tho words of the Dnke La Torre, asking whether Span ish colonies would always have been treated as the illegitimate children of Spain, will be remcmbei*Hcl as a forerunner of the reforms which Cuba needs and claims. ENTRANCE OF THE FRENCH DJ SONORA. . Correspondents in Sonora, attending the French expedition in that region, describe it as a most beautiful country, as a real heaven oil earth. The valleys are especially delightful. They are planted with pine, cedar, oak and ebony, and are teeming with all sorts of game. Watered by numerous stream?, and covered with everlasting green, they are moat prolific, and will produce two crops of maize a year. Tue Jesuits who, from 1570 up to 1710, had established in the country several hos pitals, had built in these valleys bonica far the con valescent. It was usual to say that the patients who were sent to these houses were sent to the paradise of Sonora. THE inNTWO? SEOXON OP SONORA. The great wealth of the country consists, how ever, in its mines which, on account of their im portance and character, deserve a special descrip tion. It is impossible, at present, to givo accurately their location and number, Sonora having never been settled by the Mexicans, owing to the disturb ed condition of their government and the selfish ness of their leaders. The most reliable account, I think, is that given in 1776 by the Qommandancia General, a Spanish ?company who had the monop oly of tho mines in Mexico. At that time the dis covered deposits of gold and silver exceeded the number of thirty. Most of them have been worked since, and are still producing very handsome re sults. Among the richest are La Naguolla, Saint Xavier, Preciades, Tajo, Babicanoro, Ban Jose do Gracia, and L'Amada. POPULATION or SONORA-THE YAQUIS AND THE FRENCH. The whole population of the State amounts to about one hundred and thirty thousand inhabi tants, including the Indian tribes, such as the Apaches, the Mayos, the Papayos, the Opatos and the Yaquis. The latter are the most numerous, and possess, on the river of that name, somo very fino villages and buildings. The Yaquis can put under arms from ten to twelve thousand warriors. This was their number when they attempted to drive the Spaniards out of their country in 1740 and in 1825, On both occasions the struggle was a long one, and was marked hy unheard-of atroci ties. Finally they were vanquished. Since that time they have lived in open hostility with the whites, and have refused to acknowledge any kind of government. Notwithstanding their savage nature the Yaquis are said to bo better than other Indian tribes. Sober and industrious, yet at times gay, aud always passionately fond of the dance, they have, like tho French, a congeniality of habits, the offect of which haB obviously been very favorable to tho latter. Wherever the French eoldierahave gone,' their cordiality and openness of manner? has found an echo in tlie hearts of tlie Yaquis, who ?b delighted U> find in his conqueror a man who shares with him his brandy and-his money, who is particularly gallant with i_?: ladles, and very fond of amusement and dancing.. All tho Yaquie who have been reached have sworn inviolable attach ment to the French, and have, with the mass of their countrymen not yet visited by ?rouch troops, rejected all the advances made by Juarez and his friends. Formerly they were fondly attached to the Jesuits, who under? tood them 'well; and com posed for them dancing tunes and ballets, with which they have amused themaelveo for the laet century. UEA?TY OF ISS YAQCIJS WOMEN. The women of that tribe aro generally very beautiful, short, with ellgbtty brownish skin, long hair, large eyes, elegant waists and fino form??. Also, they justly boast of having given tho name of Sonora to tho State, and are .fond of relating how it happens that the beauty of one of their ?ox was tho origin of that appellation. In 1580, when the Spnniurds explored, for the first time, th<;ir rieh und wealthy country, they were well received by flu? chief of a tribe * of Cnyoins. whose wife, young nud handsome, was related to the ancient Yuqui/, prints. This woman and her husband treated the Hpaniurds with great hospitality. When, on their return, they spake of the regions they had visited, they called it the country of the handsome Se?ora, the land of the handsomo lady.' This name was, by euphony, changed into tlio name of Sonora, which bus been officially adopted since 1710. arras of sonora. The most important cities of that country are Uros ; the capital, Hermosillo, situated at about one hundred and thirty miles from the gulf of Califor nia ; San Fernando do Guaymas, possessing an ex cellent harbor, and considered, with reason, us ono of tho best on tho Pacific (the French have lost landed there); Onosura, Guadalupe de Altar, Aris pa (which, till 1782, has been the capital of the state and the residenco of Spanish authorities); Horcas itns, Scncguilla, Hostimun. Alamos, Sonora, Scuta Cruz de Mayo, with a small harbor visited by the coasters of Lower California, and La Liberiitad, with a good and safe harbor. It was through that city that our government used to send, with J . 1 rez's authorisation, arms and material.of. w m/?> t he corps of army encamped in New <\?)o* * ^u the frontier of Texas. J Ik the french scientific expedition, f^y1- \ The French scientific expedition appointed by tho government to do in Mexico what Champoluon and Geoffroy St. Hilaire did, at the end of the last century, in Egypt?that is to say, give a report of Mexican antiquities?has begun, and is now prr> secuting its difficult labors?difficult in u'.ore than ono sense, because to tho knowledge required to describe the nature and oharactcr of what is found, uro added the perils of overrunning a wild coun try, among populations excited by rumora of war, and not always friendly. The expedition is ilivideu into four commit-.; es?committee on medical and Datara! edenes, committee on physical and chemi cal science, committco on history, language and archeology, and committee on statistics, political economy and public works. The three firHt numbers of tho work undertaken by the expedition have already bcon published. Among these articles already published I find some instruction given to travelers by the vari ous committees, a note on the hydrographical ex plorations of the coast of Mexico by Rcar-Adniiral Jurien do la Gravioro, a noto on the exploration of tho rainerai deposita by Mr. Combes, Information given by M. lo Baron Groa on the ancient monu ments of Teotihuacan and Xochicaleo, and a no tice of Mr. Roger Dubos on tho mineB of the State (?f Chihuahua. Tho second number of the work contains on article upon tbo making of the pulque, tho favorite beverage of tho Mexicans, by Mr. Uoussingaidt; an article on tho medicine in Mexi co, by Mr. Leon Cindet, and a list of the works of fered to tho expedition. In the third number there is a memoir of Mr. Do Quatrafaycs upon the maps, made up by Malte Brun, under the title of "Ethno graphy of Mexico," and a map of Yucatan; a report of Baron Larrey on tho works inserted in the Me dical Gazette of Mexico, a summary of tho sitting? of the expedition, by Mr. Anatole Durny; an arti cle relating to agriculture; an article upon tho artesian well of Santiago, and a note on cottou culturo in the State of Chihuahua. PLACES VI81TED BY THE EXPEDITION AND WHAT THEY HAVE FOUND. The parts of Mexico hitherto visited by the ex pedition are those most important for archeology and antiquities. Several caravans of explorers have already started from Merida, and aro located in the various regions of tho ruins. Fholographic proof-sheets and very handsome drawings uro al ready iu circulation in Moxico. Tho next steamer will bring several collections, which will give an idea of the artistical wealth of the country. They will contain palaces, pyramids, temples, &c, far superior to those found at Palanque. The prov ince of Oajaca and tho shores of the Pacific are also explored. There tho commission has found hieroglyphic tables, a few fragments of sculp ture, and a few symbols of ancient divinity, among which is a god with a parrot's head, which seems very odd, and is an object of much disserta tion among French Bavons. If any ono happens to come into the hall whero they meet nothing else is heard of but Aztecs ond Toltecs. Those who are acquainted with Egypt pretend that the scientific ruins of Acahuai ami Yucatan are still more fruit ful than those on tho shores of the Nile. The Committee on Public Works havo also the task of studying the ground for the opening of an inter oceanic canal through the hikes or from Colon to Panama. ThiB project is, as everybody knows, a favorite ono with tho Emperor of France, who was already contemplating it when confined in the prison of Ham as u political prisoner and us a pre tender to the crown of France. Our Steam Marine. Since the close of the rebellion, the steam ma rine of this port has received large and numerous additions, partly of vessels that had been uued in the navy and for government purposes generally, and partly of new steamers. Manv are still so em ployed that will, by and by, bo added to the mer chant marine; but at present there are 629 steam vessels registered at Una port, representing 41,5,065 tons burden. Of this 70,000 tons aro employed in the coasting-trade alone. Sailing ships henceforward will only find employ ment in transporting tho coarser staples. of com merce, such as coal, timber, oil, heavy machiner v, and a portion of the crops of cotton and bread stuffs. Ports which before tho rebellion seldom were visited by a steamer now havo their steam 1'ii.s, and plans are now making to extend our steam commercial enterprise to distant points hitherto not possessing sufficient advantages to guarantee a fan* pecuniary return for tho risk. In less than a year we abaft, doubtless, be in communication with China, Japan, and the Sandwich Islands, by steam, and our lines will be extended to Brazil, saving many days in time and much expense. There is also a movement, inaugurated by tho Messrs. I.cary, for an American line of steamers to Europe. They will dispatch tho Circassian on the 19th instant, for Southampton and Bremen. The old Havre line is also to bo revived with tho Ara go and Fulton. Wilmington and Manchester Railroad.?The first train through to Manchester. S. C, by the Wilmington and Manchester road is advertised in this morning's paper to leave here to-night, at eleven o'clock, and will arrive at Wilmington, in return daily, at four A. M. This road will connect at Florence- with the Northoastern Railroad to Charleston, and the Cheraw and Darlington Rail road from Florence to Cheraw. Owing to tho un finished road between Columbia and Manchester, there is no roil communication established as yet, but a line of stages are now running between the two places. . The great advantages that tho opening of this road affords to Wilmington, at the present, havo been 'spoken of before. Being the first line of communication yot opened entire with the South, and running through a scope of country, the larger part of which is immensely rich, and which heretofore has had no transportation for tho pro duce accumulated, it must necessarily be of greater advantage commercially than would at a moment be anticipated. Cotton and turpentine ho m piles along this road awaiting this reopening, that a de pot for its sale might be established here. The majority of this cotton is of tho best staple-^being raised in South Carolin?, Georgia and the States further South, and will, in any market, command tho best and hicheet price paid for the raw-article. I W?mitigton Herahi. 17. .' ' " Gentrat. Cars.?A correspondent writes s We rarely meet with the name of General Case io? tho papers; but he "still lives," at the ripo age of eighty-four years. Ho res idea on Jeffersoc-etreet, Dotroit. in a handsome modern-built dwelling, while his el?eBt eon occupies the old family hbme atefcd, two squares distant. Though afflicted with the feebleness and forgetfulness naturally incident to his patriarchal age, he maintains better health and a more active spirit than' could reasonably be supposed to belong to hi? time of time.