I] [1^ 5EM1 WEEKLY> ' "
l. m. grist's sons, Publisher,. % ^amilij iQcu*.spapi?ri jf'or the fjromoiiott of the political, Social, J^ricultur^al and Commercial interests of the people.
SINGLE COPT. FIVE CENTS. |
ESTABLISHED 1855 Y() 11K, S. C.. TIT l-SPAY, SKPTF.MfeEiR 27,19S1-. 3STO. 77
VIEWS AND INTERVIEWS
Brief Local Paragraphs of More or
Less Interest.
PICKED DP BY E1UQUIKER REPORTERS
t
Stories Concerning Folks and Things,
Some of Which You Know and
Some You Don't Know?Condensed
For Quick Reading.
"Itusinoss has not been much up our j
way this year," said Mr. T. E. Eong, of
Mt. Olive yesterday; "but it sterns to!
bo picking .up somewhat now. Wei
hnw hf-pn suffering from the general
depression that has been felt all over
the country- Our cotton crop is so
light that we arc not building much
hope on it; but the price of tobacco is
very good, compared with what it has
been, and we are banking on that
mostly."
Will Grow Peaches.
"I do not know how I'll come out at
it; but I am going to make a try," said
Johnson Cameron, who lives about 3
1-2 miles south of Yorkville, to Views
and Interviews a few days ago. "I am
going to put out several thousand
peach trees on my home place. I have
been, told by people who know that I
have exactly the right kind of soil,
and although it is a hit or miss propo- j
sition, we all know that we get a good
peach crop in this locality with reasonable
frequency. I have the money, it
is mine and I am going to make the
oxporiomcnt. If I win, I will win
pretty big I guess, and if I lose, then j
1 guess I will bo able to stand it. Anyhow
I am going to put out that pouch
orchard."
"Dixie Girl."
As the guns of the 51st artillery were i
passing through Congress street, Yorkville.
last Friday, shortly after noon,
1
an artilleryman said to Views and In-1
tcrvlcws:
"All of these gens and many <>f the
men saw service overseas. Some of
the men are little more than boys, as
you will notice; but others a're midd'eaged
and some have been in the setvice
lor from 20 to 30 years."
On the barrel and carriage of one
long six-inch rifle was painted the
name, "Dixie Girl." Referring to this
gun. the artilleryman commented:
"That is probably the most noted
gun in the American army. It was all!
through the World war. and in all was
flred at the Germans more than thirteen*
htrndrcd times."
Boll Weevil a Puzzle.
"Yes, the boll weevil is* . ?nu puzzle,"
said Mr. C. W. Carro'l, f the tii m
of Carroll Bros, to View.; and Interviews
a few days ago, "ami I don't
understand him."
Messrs. Carroll Bros, run a farm in
the Cotton Belt neighborhood on which
they ere cultivating some cotton, and
being also largely engaged in the supply
business, they are very directly
interested in the boll weevil operations.
"About three weeks ago," Mr. Carroll
went on "it fell t<> me to superintend
the digging of a well out at our
little place, and I had spent part of
three days there. With nothing else!
especially to do, I went all over the
place hunting the boll weevil, and during
that time 1 did not lind anything
that looked like* it; but now within the
past few days the negroes tell me that
they tlnd weevils just everywhere.
"Mr. Jim Land." Mr. Carroll went on
to say, "told me not long ago that his
brother Ed, out in Texas, sold out a
few years ago on account of the boll
weevils and moved several hundred
miles further north. The lml| weevil
final'y reached him at his new location;
hut now lie is reconciled to tin
situation; saying that tin* damage is
not more than 15 or I'O per cent. Hut
as for me, I am afraid. I h -Move the
boll weevil is going to clean up everything."
"Not that had," suggested Views
and interviews. "Among other things,
you know some of the wise on -s hold
that the cold winter cleans the holl
weevil out to a point that < naldcs you
to make a fairly good crop the following
season. If we have another winter
like that of CMS, most of you supply
men will he tempted to take anoth* r
shot at staking the cotton raisers llie
same as heretofore."
... , .. ? i ...ill" I \t,.
I lO'll ' I II III IV I
t'arioll. "hut after all jou cannot
** tell."
Cotton Price and Condition.
There nny he soni" people wlm
ivally know nhout the rendition of ? <>(.
t"ii and ill*' proh.ahle prior the staple
will he next month and next .May: lc.it
the eutsianditiK impression that Views
and Interviews nets froi.-i talks with
different people is that the nnmher of
different views you heir is almost as
great as the different number or pcopl>
you talk t".
Said one farmer last Saturday: "No,
i don't think I will make what you
would eall a half a e 'op. .My cotton
is liKht. No, I have not seen any hull
weevils in my fields yet. I don't think
the crop has hecn cut so much hy reduction
in tie- use af fertilizers as hy
th> hot dry weather alontf about the
first of September. That is what did
m<?.st "i the damage. No, I d ui't think
the cotton would have stood the
drought any better < vi n if it had had
more firtilizcr under it. I believe we
are fjointr'to Ret fr< m tin to :i.'? cents for
tliis year's crop."
"I am froing to make a little more
cotton than 1 thought 1 was komik* to
make two weeks aRti; but still I am
not coiitr to make a full crop i did
not use any commercial fertfizer al
all this year. I use:l stable manure
and cotton seed on my own crop, while
the ncgiocs used th same amount ol
cotton seed without any stable manure
The first picking has turned out well
and there is a good deal mare in sight;
but very litt'c top crop. 1 have si
good many blooms in sight; but ]
never count on a bloom after September
15, and besides the blcoms run s
good deal of risk from the weevil yet
I have not seen any weevils, however
1 think cotton is going to sel! at thirty
cents this year.'i
" I aim i mum uui-?- sumb ?.,? hv.
much over twenty cots fur this crop,'
said a business man. "Ypu noticed
hew tiny let it go from 11 cents on ur
to 20 without much hindrance, and
how some cotton has sold for 21 1-2;
but the struggle is around 20 cents
They are going to stop it there. II
cotton gets much above 20 cents then,
almost everything else will go up, and
that will renew the trouble about
\\;.gts in the cotton mills and elsewhere,
and they don't want that, as
near settled as they have it. Of course
they can let cotton go up to 40 cents
I think there is more reason now why
cotton should be 40 cents than there
was when it war. l ringing that, ju ice;
but I am not looking for 40 eer.ts cotton
for the reasons I have mentioned
and for many other reasons."
"I have sold thr ee bales," said a
farmer, "and that relieves mo of the
cramp I was in. I expect to get nhnul
fifteen bales in all; but I am not gninj
to sell any more of it now. It may
not go any higher; but I ar.i going t<
take a shot at it."
CANT BEAT THE WEEVIL
Georgia Farmer Says Nothing to Dc
But Surrender.
Mr. and Mrs. K. T. Itoswell. Jr.. of
Siloam, (hi., spoilt S:i1unl:iy with Mr.
and Mrs. I.. ('. ltraddy. Mr. ltraddy
visited Mr. I'oswill ; t ^his (Iior.ria
home several weeks hkii and sjiont
several days looking over Mr. I>oswe||'?
cattle fat in. lie I .< ii i<: )i t several
tine rows lioni Mr. Itoswell.
"Von can't bint the boll weevil,"
remarked Mr. Itoswell to a Dillon llerald
representative, "and the man win
tiies it is going to eonie out at the
little end of the horn." continued Mr.
I to: well. "All my life my father had
b?s n wedded to cotton. He own si
unite ti number of acres of good cntton
land, lie knew hmv to farm and
he believed till the last that he co^ild
beat the boll weevil. About 20 years
aco ! began to go back and forth from
Georgia to Texas buying cattle, fin
each trip I sav. that the boll weevil
was sIhw1> but steadily making his
way towaids Georgia. There w is Texas.
Hun Oklahoma, then Louisiana,
.Mirri djipi. Alabama, lb n Georgia.
The Georgians, like the Texans, the
Mbsissippians, the Lonisianians and
the Alaliamians. thought they could
brat the boll weevil, but they found
out they were mistaken. The onlv
thing that saved me mid my fathci
were those trips I maije back and
fo. th to Texas buying cattle. Kvery
time I made a trip I became more and
more convinced that our day \va:
coming, and each year I per.Miad< d m.v
father to plant less and less cotton
and raise more cows and hogs. IJ>
the time the boll weevil hit us we had
reduced our acreag to the extent that
we sen ret l.v felt it. Our neighbors
m;inv <>i whom wore large farmers
continued to plant cotton an-l nwttj
of tlum went bankrupt. I know ?>1
one large planter wh<> has some thin;:
like K'tu acres in co'te n this year froiv
which he will gather about bales
lb- is a man of ample mean:; an.I In
used every device* me>ne y e<>u'd bin
' > tiaht the boll weevil, lie pl.mtc
celt..n in \:iele rows and sprave.l i!
rogularlv vet the- weevil got him. It
addition to raising cattle we made
syrup, peanuts and other food crops
Labe'ir is plentiful and we keep ;
standing eiif?-r r>u cents a day to an.\
man who wants to go to work. We
don't care- how many nun apply I'oi
a job -we will find som--thing I'e-r tie-it
to do. The offer l-oleis good the- ye n
ioi:iii|. We aetopteel Ibis rule because
he re v. is ae-lual suffering and ee-nla
d ij wi'l keep a |M-rson from starving."
Mr. I'.oswe-ll has made a suee-e ss te
the cattle biisim-ss. lie made ar
ranee in- lit : while- he-re- to shije in > e
I n; 111 of line ? :1111 illll'illir tiI* v.? 1
\vli:i !i he snys In.- is ;-"iii*r I" sell I'
In- | 11 I ui l>i!lnn rniinty :ii miylit:
i in- r print's. ||i- says In- Knows il i
J11^I ;i i|in-sti<m of tti'ii* liefum tlit"
v. ill l.i* looking for :i In I til;
hii-i| i ilili . nil lie iv.'ipts In fp'l in m
I In- u.1111><I llonr. Mr. I'.nswcll si!s
lias u illi liim j;:iill|?l?-x of sojin* fill
.in >- * i n|> ,'iml j-!:iri'<l SevernI Ii.inr!
w illi Dillon inert limits.
? Ilrliofs of tlii* Yerssiillrs 1 ivnt
Tritt n Miiiii'ii'il |,*ist Snt urilny sis 11
si n.'ii In son tit'lij'te in o|m-n scssio
on .In- tii'W th'.irt' t r< . 11 \ willi (Sit
in.iiiv. Tin* line:! were tlmwn willi ;i
? it, I mho i r ,,r il,
..
if w 11': j\ l>y Semtnr Lod>;e, e
M.'is.'nehurett.s. h ;>11111i<:;11 lender ;m
i linirmnn < !' li t- Ion ian relntiuiis ' ( in
milt: ml nn in:t!;il brnrdside in nji
position If. Sli.iti'C linnilt. (t! I 1:11 ('
i < ; ml ill:n "iiTen >mf*iI: 1 ! ." Cur linen"
in i :i;-'\ i ;t iii; n? ion u:.s expressed I'
S.'li.t!'ir I ,"il .-te l:e presented ;i lei
' r linin l'i'Mil'nl iinrdintf reqnes"
imr prompt notion "sn tluil we nn
(till nside l lie !ii-l lellllinill e|' will* in
!at innsliip ;.nd luisfen "in- retuni I
j I lie forttiiinle relations nl |iesiee." ( :
ptciletn *.. ;? indicated. !i"\v\er, i
addition I" Sen:i{i,r Hull ! . I?y Sennt
I; I. "I Missouri. .i deineeinlie "ii
I rei eneil. Me," wlii!<- \ < ml i>tli< r d'-n
nernts in l.i 111: i lei 11 in ( l lie v wonld ei'ii
j i e c I l.e in v. 11 e.lty.
WHY OF TEXTILE STRIKEI
Issues Involved In North Carolina
Struggle.
' BOTH SIDES OF THE BIG QUESTION!
I j
David Clark, Editor of the Southern i
'J Textile Bulletin Gives the Version
of the Employers and Thos. F. McMahon,
Acting President of the Tex- J
,
tile Union Upholds Side of Em-j
1 ployes.
t;
I In a recent issue, Commerce and Fij
nance, of New York, devoted several
pases joint debate as to the. cause and
' | significance of the recent bit? Textile
I Sll Ihf ill ^UIIIUI u, I\auu|i,>iis miu v/u<? - .
j | lutte. The side of the employers is
t i represented by David Clark, editor of
the Southern Textile Bulletin, and the
, i side of the employes is presented by
I Tlios. F. McMahon, acting president of
| the United Textile Workers of Ameri,
j ca. It is probable that there is more
_ j or less bias on both sides; but as to
| that the reader who desires to bo fair
will do his own discounting. In the beI
lief that the public ought to have
access to the best information to be
had on this question, we are giving
, both contributions below:
Mr. Cla.'k Representing! Capital.
Sensing the fact that tlie steadily
, advancing prices of commodities in the
spring of 1919 wee certain to cause
advances in wagci the officials of the
United Textile Workcfr. cim? to Charlotte
and launched a strike for higher
? wages in the cotton mills.
Since that time they have thrived in
' ' tlii;; section because they made thc-l
cotton mill operatives bc'ieve that
they secured the advance. in wages, j
whereas it can he easily shown that
prior to the settlement of the 101 ft
strike wages in every other cotton
mill section of the south had advanced
to scale demanded by the strikers.
The employes would hav obtained
i the advances if there had never been
, any strike, and the real result of the
strike was that the operatives in the
Charlotte sc-.'tion lost several months'
wagts, while the operatives in other I
sections wer working and receiving
wages at steadily advancing rates, as
did the workers in every other industry
during that |?criod of advancing prices,
i Ha\ing nv do the operatives in this
section bolii ve that the advances which ;
they secured were due to the efforts!
of the t'nit d T< xti'e Workers, that or- '
ganiautio:: erro'lid n large number of j
m< ml?er.s and one of their former organizers
has estimated that the
amount of union dues collected and'
turned over to them since that time
i has amounted to not loss than $2.10,000. |
As long as the period of prosperity j
I lasted the union members paid regu-j
lar dues, hut during the depression i
j there was a rapid dcvrer.se in paying'
I j mrmhers and the I'nitod Textile
Workers' officials found collections'
I dropping to a vuy low point,
i In order t?? revive collections they
began to tell the operative that if he
i paid his dues regularly he would bo i
' supported to the extent of $6 per week J
I , whenever he chose to strike.
The idea of being abV to strike and
. then he given financial support for
months while not working appealed
verv strongly to a considerable per
r cent, of the mill operatives.
: As that propaganda materially in-1
i ereased the colli ction of dues, special j
men were put on to encnureg the id-a
ami that movement was the real cause
of the <'horiotte-Coneoi <1 -Km unap'dis |
i strike, because the operatives began to
! look forward to the strike, which
1 ! meant for th< in an extended vacation
at the expense of the International,"!
. as they call the head organization.
> The operatives had been told not only
would the "international" send un
limited funds, but all other unions in
i-j the t*nited States were n ady ami anxl
ions to send tie m large contributions.
r Thomas ! *. MeMahon, then vicepresident
of the t'nitcd Textile Workers.
finally found that he had started
something that he eoflld not stop and
the pressure was so great that a strike
' was called on June 1, and about X.onfl
- mill operatives walked out absolutely
j I'onlideiit that Ihev would be support '
v i cl m idleness during tne summer.
The unions wen- told to use the
i funds in their ] (-: I treasuries and llril
tiny would lie re placid l?y unlimited
c I funds licit would soon In* sent l?y the
i International. ;ind .Me.M.ilion left Cliiiri
lotto under llie pri le\t of securing the
ei funds.
As .MeMalion'x iturn wtis postponed
I
s ' from time to time anil the strikers began
to go hungry, it became necessary
for his lieutenants to s tall tlrr strikers,
and t'iev v.nu'd tell fabulous tales of
v
the funds that lie was: to bring back,
a Some said it was to be $20,000,1100,
' others that the cheek was so large that
n 1 they could not read it and Me.Mahon's
a' ! return train began to be railed the
I "gold special."
Finally Me.Mahoti returned to Char
, lotU' bririKiiiK willi him ;i pitiful $2,500
of cunt filiations that he had obtained
v from Xi w Knirlaid textile unions and
although open friction developed with
v local union members, he be.'jan again
to stall the strikers, who were at that
" time beginning to get very hungry.
n it became so liot for MeMalmn that
. after arranging for a solicitation of
- funds from unions throughout the
Caro'inas. he left Charlotte for good
| and ahyo|iite|\ deserted the tin-u and
women that he had called out upon the
strike.
Learning how they had been imposed
upon and dispairing of ever getting
back any of the $J50,000 that they had
paid to the McMnhon organization, the
strike began to go to pieces.
The first break came at the Locke
.Mills, where more than 300 went individually
to the superintendent and
applied for wcrrk.
Serious friction and fighting developed
between those who returned to
work and an element of stiikers who
sought to prevent them from working.
It became nccessarv to send troons
to Concord in order to protect those
who wanted to return to work and
Governor .Morrison emphatically stated
that while he would have nothing
to do with industrial disputes, the entire
power of North Carolina would
protect any and a'l men who wanted
to exercise their right to work.
Since that time the strikers, with the
exception of a small contingent of the
worst element, have returned to work
at the same wages and under the same
conditions as when the strike was
pulled.
There are no longer any questions
ahout wages or hours, and so completely
has the strike failed that during
the past two weeks the entire efforts
of the union has been towards
getting the mills to re-emp!oy certain
radical members.
Those who walked out on June 1
have been fighting to get back the jobs
which they left.
The strike was called upon the
grounds that excessive reduction in
wages hail been made and. while the
strikers no longer make any sueli
claims, I wish to give the following
facts:
The wanes in the cotton mills of the
south were advanced much faster during:
the boom than those of northern
mills, and the reduction was, therefore,
greater during the decline.
Tse highest reduction made by any
of the mills affected by the strike was
5(1 per cent, and one of the groups had
only reduced. 38 per cent. The mills
affected by the strike, moreover, had
not reduced their wage scales as much
as other millp in the south.
The operatives of the southern mills
live in comfortable cottages in the mill
villages, paying a rent of from 20 to
25 cents per room per week with lights
and water furnished free, and upon the
wages that they were receiving at the
time of the strike they could live much
better than the operatives of the New
England miils who do not live in mill
villages and have to pay high rents.
The contention that the workers
would starve upon the wages that they
were receiving entirely disappeared
following publicity showing, through a
comparison of commodity prices, that
the cost of living had declin/ed "more
than the reduction in wages.
The results of the strike may bo given
as follows:
The United Textile Workers collected
from the cotton mill operatives an
amount alleged to be in excess of
$250,000 and have kept same in spite of
the strenuous efforts of the strikers to
get back part of it.
The operatives in Charlotte-Coneord-Kannapolis
lost more than $2,000,000
in wages during the strike.
The merchants and business men of
those cities lost the business that
would have come to thorn through the
distribution of the $2,000,000 in wages.
Many small merchants around the
mil's are bankrupt by reason of the
credit that they extended to the husiru
ss managers of the union and to individual
strikers.
No class of people has ever been
more imposed upon man me couou
mill operatives of Charlotte, Concord,
and Kannapolis, and they have suffered
severely because they trusted the
union organizers who represented that,
if they would pay regular dues they
would l?c supported in idleness whenever
they chose to strike.
All but about 'foil of the 8,000 strikers
are now back in the mills at the same
i wages and under the same conditions
as at the time of the strike, and all
' but a few of the remainder arc striving
to get the mills to allow tin in to
I return.
There were no just grounds for the
strike, and it was the most complete
failure among a long list of failures
that have resulted from the managc'
nu nt of strikers by Thomas K. AIc'
Million.
Mr. McMahon Representing Labor.
I shall endeavor, in my own way, t<
pliiee the ease of the mill workers of
the southland before you in such n
way that nt least you will investigate
for yourselves and see if such statements
as 1 make arc facts. If not
facts, then I should ho held up to publie
scorn and forced by that scorn tr
unit the labor movement. On thi
other hand, if the} are true in all geni
era! essentials, then a hue and cr>
should be raised against those responsible
for sueli un-American conditionf
as ;ire allowed to continue for the sole
purpose of collecting dividends at th<
expense of humanity.
The shutting down of f?00,00f
spindles in the great manufacturing
state of North Carolina w;is not dun<
i for the purpose of showing the economic
strength of the workers, but on tin
'contrary, was entered into after ever3
attempt had failed to smooth out tin
difficulties existing between the mil
owiu rs and the mill workers.
V011 might well ask: What were tin
difficulties? Why was it necessary a1
i('M)tiiiiifil <>u IM"o Srvni )
. DEFIED NAPOLEON
Because of Her Love for Great Emperor's
Brother.
THE STORY OF BETSY PATTERSON
!
I Baltimore Girl Loved Prince Jerome?
Corsican Ended Romance With Imperial
Annulment of Marriage After
Dona Rofucorl fft
Stephen Bonsai In the. New York
Times. 1
In a Maryland manor house, once the
scene of some splendor and long ago
the center of much conivial gayety,
two wedding garments are piously
preserved and rare'y shown. They are
eloquent memorials of a forgotten past,
relics of the flrst international marriage
between the New and the Old
World.
One is a purple satin coat covered
with lace and richly embroidered. The
tails, after the fashion of the directory,
reach down to the heels, and it is lined
with satin yellowed with age. The
other is a simple dress of Indian
muslin.
The c'pthfs were worn Christmas
eve, 1803, when Prince Jerome, younger
brother of Napoleon, married Betsy |
Patterson, daughter of a merchant
nrinco of Baltimore. Bishop Carroll, ;
Catholic primate of the United States ;
pronounced the nuptial benediction. |
From this union springs the line of
the Maryland Bona parts, whose most i
distinguished member, Charles Bona- |
parte, a fierce fighter for civil service i
reform ami attorney general and sec- (
rotary of the navy in President Koose- i
veil's cabinet, died recently. . I
Among the many things that the j
hospitable people of Baltimore did not i
know about their dashing young guest
who came up the Patapsco on a French
frigate is the fact that he was a lavish
sp? nder anil, indeed, a waster, in his i
early years, at least. To curb his extravagance
and to remove him from (
j temptation, Jerome at Hi years old was ,
put in the navy and took part not |
without credit in the Santo Domingo
expedition. '
Their First Meeting.
Jerome and Betsy met at a ^-ace
track near the present site of the
PLtnlico course. It is recorded ? *" a
Maryland chronicler that on this day ,
the "Patterson filly won the sweepstakes."
Betsy is said to have treated
J Jerome with all the hauteur of her
j seventeen summers, and the French
I midshipman, then 18, became madly
' enamored.
William Patterson, tin opulent fath\
er whose ships carried the American
! flag into the seven seas, was more
impressed than the young people by
| the semi-official protests about the
j engagement, which was an open secret
J even before the race meeting was over.
! He dispatched his madcap daughter to
| visit an aunt in Virginia while the disconsolate
Jerome went for a tour in
the north. However, the lovers were
not to be denied. In a few weeks they
were back in town and the engagement
was on again. Mr. Patterson gave a
reluctant consent, and then what happened
is best described in the terms
of a letter which Pichon, the French
consul in New York, received one fine
morning fr?m M. Lccamus, Jerome's
i secretary:
Sir: I have the honor to announce'
on behalf of M. Jerome Bonaparte that
his marraige with Mile. Patterson was
celebrated yesterday evening. He desires
me to say that he is very anxious
to receive the $4,000 as ho has
pressing engagements to meet.
Emperor Opposed the Marriage.
Unbel t Patterson, a brother of the i
bride, went to France immediately af-;
tt r the wedding in an effort to straighten
things out. but his mission was far
; from successful. Jerome was ordered,
through "official channels," to report
to Paris and he was strictly enjoined
to leave "cette jeune person no," in
Ann rica.
Months of indecision followed and
then months in which the decisions arrived
at could not be carried out. Finally
Jerome and Betsy, for separation
and obedience was not to be thought
of, embarked in New York on a French
frigate with the ill-omened name of;
Didon. They were chased back int?> I
. ll.'iriMir li.V ?lil ai(u<uuvii ?..? IV |
was in February, 180!?, that on board
I I In- Kaiikec briR Krin and flyitiR tliej
| raited Stall's flajr thoy arrived off tiie
j mouth of the TaRlis.
11 .Jerome was litirried ashore and posted
off to Paris, but Itctsy was not allowed
to land. With a warm embrace
the y parted for a few weeks and never
' met a en in as man and wife, if at all.
Pope Denied Napoleon's Plea.
In May, lXo.>, Napoleon who was in
, Milan, wrote to tho pope in regard to
>1 :in event which was then regarded as a
: seven days' wonder. A halloon sent up
in Taris had, reached Rome, and Na!
pnleon wrote advising the pope to
. I preserve it. so that future ages might j
,! wonder. Then, in tlie most careless |
, way possible the great intriguer went
| on to say;
, I I have several times spoken to your
' j
. holiness of a young brother, lit years i
, old whom 1 sent out on hoard a frigate
to America, and who, after a months'
J stay at Baltimore, married a Frotest.
ant, the daughter of merchant of
..that city. This young man has just
I returned home. lie is aware of his.
fault. I have sent hack Mile. Tatter-1
. son, his soi-disant wife, to America.
t ! The marriage is null. A Spanish priest
1 AlilitMniiu i?f" lua flllt ifM; I
J W.IJS M1IIU IV||il,> " mo ??u%*vni
j iis In Ihoiu his lionorlirtioij. [J
iesire a bull from your holiness which
tha.ll efface all trace of this marriage.
forward you several opinions on the
iubject, one of which is written by
Cardinal Caselli, whoso handwriting
,-ou will recognize. It would be easy
or me to have the marriage broken by
he archbishop of Paris, the Gallican
Church not recognizing such unions;
)ut it appears to me more suitable
hat the immediate intervention of
our holiness should give a greater imjortance
to this affair if only because
t concerns a member of a reigning
touse. I beg your holiness not to give
tublicity to this first communication,
because, before you have agreed to
t, I shall make no public demand. It
s important, for many reasons, and
n the interest of religion in France,
mat I should not nave a I'rotestan:
woman about me, and it would bo a
iangerous example if a minor should
so exposed to seductions which are
it variance with the civil laws and all
tinds of property.
There were a number of misstatements
in this letter. Jerome had not
renounced his wife, who as yet had
not been sent back to America, and
instead of the imaginary Spanish
piiest, the marriage hod been celebrated
by Bishop Carroll of Baltimore,
Catholic primate of the United
States.
Without seeking other advice, since
Mapoleon had enjoined secrecy, his
holiness the following June replied
in these terms:
We reserved exclusively for ourself
the examination of the question submitted
to our judgment. Wo have ourselves
made all the necessary research's
in order to discover if our apostolic
authority could furnish us with some
means for satisfying the desire of your
majesty, and nothing would have given
us greater pleasure than to enter into
your views, but it has been impossible
for us to discover a single one which
permits us to declare the nullity of
tun if! mnrrhifrp
Napoleon was, of course, furious, and
even months later he could write to his
u-mbassador in Rome, at the time his
kinsman, Cardinal Fesch, in the following
strain:
Since those dotards do not find it
iimiss that a Protestant should occupy
the throne in France, I shall send
them a Protestant ambassador.
I am religious, but I am not a hypocrite.
Constantine separated the civil
from the military service and I can
nominate a senator to command in
Rome in my name. As far as regards
the pope, I am Charlemagne! I have
united the crown of France to that of
Lombard}*. tlnless they behave
well, 1 shall reduce the pope to be
bishop ot' Rome."
Pius VII expostulated. He knew
that with the exception of the affair ot
Jerome's marriage the emperor had no
real cause , for complaint. Shortly
afterward Napoleon seized upon
Ancona, confiscated what remained of
the papal states and reduced the pope
himself to captivity in Savona, because
of the day dream which Mr.
Midshipman Jerome dreamed a few
years before on a race track near the
present site or I'imiico in isaminure
county.
Shortly after his second marriage
Jerome, now by grace of his Corsican
brother king of Westphalia, sent his
secretary, Lecamus, to America, to
arrange matters. Lecamus, who had
been in Baltimore and was a witness
to the wedding, was ordered to secure
possession at practically any cost of
' Bo," as his mother call the child
of the union. He made offer of the
duchy' of Sma'kalden and a pension
of 200,000 francs a year for life, provided
"Bo" should live near his father
and be permitted to come to see him
once a month. Betsy Patterson refused
and when asked an explanation of
the decision she said, "Westphalia is
a small place, certainly not large
enough for two queens!"
The fact that later on Mme. Bonaparte
consented to accept an allowance
of 60,000 francs a year from Napoleon
and refused an allowance of 200,000
francs from her quondam husband,
Jerome, she herself explained by saying
in one of her letters. "I prefer
- 1 ' * ~ ~ mtnrr nf on OH rrl f? frt
micncr uiimi inv: nmi, v/i en v-q.v
being suspended from the bill of a
goose!"
When Jerome died in I860 he left
"Ho" nothing, and Mme. Bonaparte appealed
to the French courts in vain.
Finally in Home, where many of the
Bonapartes were sojourning, after the
empire's fall, a marriage was arranged
between "Bo," Betsy's son, and Charlotte,
the second daughter of Joseph
Bonaparte. Mme. Bonaparto seems to
have been for a time in the seventh
heaven of delight. But the plans fell
through. After another attempt to
marry "Bo" to a Bonaparte, this time
the daughter of Eliza, Napoleon's eldest
sister, the boy took the bit between
his teeth and in 1820 married an American
girl who was suitable in everyway?except
that Mme. Bonaparte's
matrimonial schemes were defeated.
She stopped "Bo's" allowance for a
time, just as Napoleon had done in
case of her youthful husband, Jerome.
"Bo" died in 1S70, when his eldest
son Jerome, was fighting in the
French army against the German invaders
and Charles Bonaparte was at
.school in New ungiana. .nme. x.onaparte
was then a very o!d woman, and
l>y her own choice, very much alone.
The many houses in town or country
which she had inherited or purchased
were a'l closed or rented and when
she was in Baltimore, to which she
(Continued on Pare Seven.)
/ *
FlOHTlNfi HATS '
How the Government is Getting SM
oi Them.
DESTROY MILLIONS IN PROPERTY
* '
Rodents Can be Destroyed Anywhere if
Proper Methods Are Used?Take*
Time and Care.
By Frederick J. Haskin.
Washington, D. C.,?It has recently
been demonstrated in two quarters
that the government of the United
States is more than a match for rets
and mice.
This is no slight compliment. Generally
speaking, the rats and mico hsvs
the run of the earth and live on the
bounty of man despite all he can do
to prevent it. The facts about the
damage done by rats and mice, and the
rate at which they increase, as ascertained
by the learned professors of the
Biological Survey, have been published
before, but it is necessary here to
state them again so that you will be
sure to appreciate the importance of
this subject.
Be it known then that rats and mice
in this country every year destroy
property valued at 1:200,000,000, and
that an army of 200,0)0 men may be
considered as employed solely in sup- .
porting these little household and garden
pests. The common brown rtt
breeds six to eight times a year, and a
pair of rats in three years would have
359,709,482 descendants if all the chil- ?
^ciron lived and did well. The wonder
is that there is room on earth for anything
except rats.
The government recently found that
several parts of its premises in and
about Washington were rapidly approaching
a condition in which the rata
were the main things and the govern
mental activities incidental and some*
what unprospcrous. The most conspicuous
of these places was the Nay'
tional zoo. There were a great many
more rats in the zoo than ail "other animals
combined, and the rats probably
ate a great deal more of the expensive
food doled out than did all the other
inmates. Visitors in the zoo could see
rats at any time, and in the evening
they could observe them extensively.
The rats frolicked about the walks in ~
large family parties, going from one enclosure
to another sampling the different
kind of food. They Doid no attention
at all to the visitors, and if a
rock was thrown at them they registered
resentment rather than fright.
Zoos Home for date.
All Z003 are wont to be rat-infested,
and it should be said that the Washington
zoo was not as bad as most of
them, but It was bad enough. The
trouble with killing rats in a zoo is
that If poison is used, other animals
are sure to eat it, while with traps
there is more or les3 danger to thsm. '
In the Washington zoo the trouble is
increased by tho fact that squirrels,
rabbits, guinea fowls ar.d turkeys roam
the grounds at large.
The zoo officials therefore let the
rats more or less alone, but after a
while the zoo became inadequate for
their support and they began Invading
the residences which fringe it on iW
sides. The residents raised a howl of
protest. They demanded that the gorernment
either keep its rats at home or
kill them. The Biological Survey,
which has a corps of scientific experts
in the extermination of all kinds of
predatory animals, was called into consultation
and a man was detailed to
zoo problem. He solved it by the use
of spring traps. The zoo rat colony, it
is learned, has been greatly reduced
and it is confidently expected that it
will be abolished. The destruction
rats and mice on a large scale is a
problem for experts. The Biological
survey is willing to give advice on the
subject If those who are losing money
through the work of rats should consult
it. Traps must be used in soipe
places and pol3on in others, while in
yet others rat-proofing is the only ef-,
fective measure. All of these things
must be done right to be effective. Dr.
Fowler, the public health officer of
Washington, has issued a special warning
against the careless use of poison.
Children and domestic animals are enI
dangcred by it unless it is used with
i the utmost skill and care.
After clearing up the zoo, the gov
ornmont ratters turned, their attention
to the St. Elizabeth hospital for the insane,
which swarmed with rats even
more than did the zoo. Veritable herds
of them could be seen on the grounds
in broad daylight. It is said that in
this place, ioo, good progress is being
made in the work of extermination.
Rats Killed Trees.
The government's most distressing
rat problem, however, is now being met
on the experimental farm at Arlington,
Virginia. This rich tract of land, which
was formerly the estate of General
i Robert E. Lee, is now used by the dej
partmont of agriculture for experij
mental work. It was recently discovered
that forty fruit trees on the farm
were dying as the result of damage
done to their roots by mic? and rata
working underground, whilo it was
nrobable that a great many other trees'
had been weakened in the same way.
|.And these were no ordinary orchard,
trees. Each of them had some special
experimental significance, and each of
them represented 20 years of care. It
will take another 20 years to replace
! them.
Professor Silver, the most eminent of
the Biological Survey rodent killers,
(Continued on Fage Eight.)
/