FAIRFIELD HERALD
Is PtUbiSI8I WEEKLY, BY
IN Tiff.TOW$ PF WINNSBOIROUSH,
At 'two Dollars per Year,
37 11eyARIAA&Y IV ADVANCB..
TnU HsiAnd is published Weekly, in the
Town of Winnsborough, at Two DoLLARS per
Year, in advance.
Abvrwrissebswra will be inserted at 50te.,
per Square (tEwels line* or les,) for the-first,
and 37j cents for each subsequent insertion,
and when not limited, In writing, willbe con.
tinued untilordered out, and charged accord.
Ing to terms.
V' Communications, having for their object
the promotion of any individual, either to an
efice of honor, trust or profit, will be charged
for as Advertisements.
Marriages (when accompanied by a responsi.
ble name,) will be published gratuitously.
Obituaries, not exceeding 12 lines, wlli also
be published free of charge.
Political exttaaz.
eespndtenie oY the Baltimore Sun.1
WAsHINGTON, Nov. 15 1849.
We are only at the threshold of the
California controversy. It is a mistake
to supposu that even the California Cun.
ventiun has disposed of the slavery
question. It turns out that the ntille
*istricting slavery had only passed the
ommittee of the whole, and sub silentio.
i had not been reported to the [louse at
he date of the last advices. It is nmni.
est that there is to be an opposition to
t at the next stage of proceeding. Not
Yen Dr. Gwin, of Mississippi, oftred
any opposition to it in the preliminary
stage; but, according to the Now York
Tribune, Dr. Gwin's special mission to
California was to defeat the proviso.
The administration sent out Gen.
Riley with special instructions to pro.
mote the formation of a State govern.
ment, with a view to get rid of this dis.
ent to Calirora with a ~e-nco also
a Constitution unrestriea view to secure
There is to rerioted as to slavery.
Califn be4 Overe struggle stull in
s adopbed; but it eanti-slavery article
the scene te ibe adoped and
transferred to the i, thee be
But there is silned States Senate.
Ihesr A r another difficulty in
the roar. Anotiler porlion o a fri
embracing the oron f California
conain afewslr11mon seillements, now
contains a fo slaves, and the Mormons
interform Of governit~ ~ have not
excluded slavery. Whenthe Coe
forward wit~h a Stat coen they come
will be nohrcntoonstitutionter
another~ totovr here
ll by The South
wilrealhy b ;e helpless predicament
First, they will be repel,__
admission vr one Sta P itia restriction
o olf slavery; and, next they must con.
80e, to the exclusion of another State,
because it does not restrict slavery.
, ul e p n .
!mit thrce non.slaveholding States, fro
the newly acquired territory, to say no.
thing of Minnesota, Nebrasko and Ore.
gon, which will soon be at your dours
The South, now on a footing of some
thing near equality in the Senate, will be
soon thrown into a hQpeless and an
helpibts minority.
" Fallen, like a gallant horse, in front ranks,
A pavement for the object rear
to o'errun and trample on."
Still, I suppose, the Union will sur.
vive the destruction of the political bal.
ance, but it is to sustain a severe shock
before It becomes settled upon the new
bais of Southern Inequality as to per
son. and rights.
1 notice that a claim for bounty land
is to be pressed upon Congress in behal
of the officers of the war of 1812. T1he
privates of that war, and of the war wit
Mexico, received bounty land, but no
the officer,. -if the claimi is good in be
half of the officers in 1812, It is als
just in regard to those who have serve
In Mexico. IoN.
* Californaia Bouuaadary-TWhe
Mormns.
WasHING~roN, Nor. 10, 1849.
Our friend. In California have helped
themselves, very llberally hirthe-way-of
our own boundary. They made their
seacoast line, only a thousand miles in
extent, and took nothing more than just
exactly the 'ewhee.s They know very
well. that 'Whife their placers give out,
the ocean will "affo~.rd them a plentiful
resource, in ctimmercolAd navigation.
Antilpsting that a State, with an area
exceeding that of all the non.slaveliold.
lng States' in the'Union--ldaving out
lows-. State with an ataa of half a
i dlq-r ie-.ot be, of
to al mteelvees with them; but it
might happen btillthat the twot three
States to be'darved' bYf' Californiak
might desiresan access to tihe ocean, and
av little set Coast. . I.uannot believe that
Congves will assent' to auch a boundary
as bas beejn indloated. Theyf willi of
coursi, 'medify jhe Stabo catintion irn
that~respest, when they give their assent
toito rhle. will sy,- fli some time,
the ydmi~In 4for the.State,iias thrWCD.
sttiio ec kfo~ mdII ationi,
4 mis c p st s ot of th
F.et tai.sr~ ~3on) gives
ti' ai ie *oi'~ ofven
the eor over
lain the ohfer of4 !.' bile to D. Lowty
if he ,would espouse the. cause of Ben.
."Who wrote them? What was
nature of the bribef When did the
'tbwspondenee take plat-? We are
leih f r Lwy was spod be
wdIbh and the nature of thie bribe.
sl ete wqrealyjyuhpttmp om d
P r eL w solie lms. p0 -
Pons the Pendleten Messenger.
The Mismlseippt Convention.
We are glad to see from almost All
quarter. in the Snuth,the hearty approba.
on giyen to thelroceedings of the Con.
vention, which lately mot in this State.
Trhe articles which we publish from thn
Portemouth kV%,) Pilot and Charleston
Courier, may be taken as an indication
of tho feelings.of the true men of both
political parties. The people without
distinction of party, are rising in deter.
mined resistance to the aggression's ofthe
North, and woe to any political hack
who shall try to restrain their juaht indig.
nation, by those old catchwords, De.
mocracy and Whiggory, fisch have fet.
tored them heretofore. E"Watch and
wait" is no longer the policy, but action,
united southern action is now absolutely
necessary to save the Union from de.
struction, and, if that cannot be, to save
ourselves.
We hardly suppose it is necessary to
say any thing .about the position of "our
groat Statesmnan," in relation to this
movement, but as doubts seem to have
been entertal en quarjers.it may
be propeV to gives to the ao.
tion of the people o Mississippi lia cor.
dial support and approbation. United
action on the part of the slave States,
through a Southern Convention, was
what we always considered as the end
aimed to be accomplised by the Southern
Address.
Bfounmdaries of time State of
Calltormala. --
As we have before stated, the Cali.
fornia boundary question had not been
disposed of by the State Convention at
Monterey, at he latest dates from there,
September 2* id. We add the recor
nendations of the select committee, to
.hich the suoject was referred, as re.
ards the boundaries of the proposed
tate
" Your committee are of opinion that
he present boundary of California coin.
rehends a tracv of country entirely too
xtensive fur one State, and that there
re various other forcible reasons why
that boundasy should not be adopted by
this Convention. The area of the tract
of country included within the present
boundary is estimated to be four hun.
dred and forty.cight thousand six hun.
drod and ninely-one (448,091) square
miles, which is nearly equal to that of
all the non-slaveholding States of the
Union. and which, deducting the area of
lowa, is greater than that of all tie real.
due of the non.slaveholding States.
Your committee are of the opinion
that a country like this, extending along
d' me iles ip0to thle
intetior, cannot be conveniently or fairly
represented in a State Legislature here,
especially as the greater isrt of the Inte
rior is entirely Cut o00 frOmn the country
on thle cobstW ihe Si9riaN owadat, a
which is covered with e'ow, n#, is
wholly impasiublo nerly.. nine months In
the year.
Your committee are also of the oplila
on that the country inchldedij4i itbe
boundary ou' this torritory, as row m.
tablished, must ultimately be dividcd and
sub.divided into sev'eral different Statei,
which divisions qnd sub divisions (sliould
the present boundary be adopted) wotld
be very likely to divest the State of Cali.
fornia of a valuable portion of hier sea.
coast. Your coimittee are therefoie
of the opinion that a bpundary. liould
now be fixed upon which will ebtirely
exclude the possibility of such' rei'4zt
in future.
Another important ircasop 'hicI~ as
aided very much in producIg tJ e'd
clusion to which your. committee has
arrived, is predicateduponti efct hat
there Is already a vast settlemnan. in a'
remote portion of this terrjitery, .the
porulation of wl,ich Is variously estijnqa.
ted to be from filteen to thirty thousand
human : souls, (the Mlormons,) who are
not represented in the Cqnvention, and
who, perhaps, (do not desIre W be i-epre.
sented. here. The religious.pcutliarity
of these people, antil the very. fn' of
their havin5 selected that rpmotp and
isolated region as nf perm~ngst bonew
would seem , tq warrant..thieconicle
thtat they desire no direct polltkia con.
nexin MwjkitW, nJ .f,sibleand
highly probobU; in the opimioh or your
committee, that measuaes have been ot,
are now being taken, by theoseneagie for
the est a blishment of a ter6falgu)n.
mont for themselves. ..
. Fr 1hu.dbo and to regegreasont
your commit ar of opn'on tidtthe
following should o $uto the bondpiy
of. tito;,ite of ti, is:
Commiengu1 bi4stotph~
eof.8t~t it ioh tF
paualdl uonf~
north, wh h
.hundesed a ~ ; Icsis,
upqn andlsai ue
to tbe-bou
Stttes andI
.Governmeatmsp Ihb~btf~ e @
day p1f $1ey, a t14egtde , ~x
Pacific pe'a; 118 t o t
twp dug e
*od inclMfgoih n it rt t4
be DbRflowiltdreh ' btige ~
Free Suthevsa* e ga ed we
membet's. Inadhe Senato, ti r afre 16
Democrats tuo ' Wbigse an~ I the
amendmewnt: uheegllnig
fqr the gloot~ Jiidgesr St'ate oMe
and District Attord6ys, by the pdle,
has bisead'bpabgimost unpmo.
vole. A A ote VoWu equal unanimhl
has decided, i1 falvor of a conveplgs tc
revise the constitution.
-PoLtT10s IN MINNESOTA.
oratic Convention of the t rh
Taylor and the administration for tht
appointments to office in that region.
H. H. Selby,, the, delegate tQ congress
sent a letter fully avowing hiaself a de
inocrat.
THE AIRLD HERID
OUTHERN RIGHTI.
Saturday Morning, Nov. 24, 1849
0:'r- The letter from our highly es
teemed Charleston Correspondent," R
has been received ; extracts front whic
will app'ear in our- next. We hope h
will favor us frequently in this way.
0:'rf e haveabee ~ at to stqt
that an Address will at
Furman Institute, on. Thursdat, the 29t
inst. by the Rev.' A. D. FnAsSR, at 1
o'clock.
The public are respectfully invited t
attend.
Godey's Ladj~s Book.
This Queen publication for the mont
of December has been received. Alway
rich and tastful in Its contributiens, w
prise it above every other ofour month
ly visitants. The reader. will find th
Prospectus for 1850 on our fourth page
in which great inducements are -offere
to Clubs for the ensuing year.
Hon.. .1. A. Woodward..
In anotlier column will be found th
Communication from 91-immedipt
Representative the H1on.J.A. WooD
WARD, which was promised in ourjs
issue, relative to the Memphis Rail Ro-A
Convention.
The Memphis Daily Enquirer take
the ful ~ing gotico of one of Mr
Woonwaai>'s speeches.on his Resolu
lions:
"Mr. Woodward said that his Resolu
lions were so-frarned, with auch care an
forbearance; that all :Men- of all partie
might properly vote fo. r h 4g6(e
speech or.
pointed, ahd to tbdpurpose,. and was re
ceivid with great applause."
It is not likely that an evasive sicee
would have been considered .is "poin
ed and to th purpose ;" or that . a
equivocal one would have beet ree1e4
with great applause. Besides, un
lesi Mr. WoonWXa..gave to'his Re
solutions the -same .eposition tihee tha
lie now does, lie certainlyfailed to prov(
to, the Con~eohion, what he undertool
to prove ; --- that all men of all partie4
might properly vote for them."
The Legislature.
On Monday next, th'e 26th instant, tht
Legislature of Soutli Carplina convene
at Columbia. We shall endeavor durin
its session to give our luscriheru an ab
stract of alIth~e ntoat i~mporgrnt matter
.M )oc.I nature wi~
ae irpI w po t 46 peo $4
man 'tityue4isno neeigiitd.by tnatur
to uV'eOrattft, list 'every one ?
ordlteanie:.1ta bp'en eroated wi;
'WandValro3 dloaqti no0 ateihn$'p
tiide:and In lt'proprapldaibuererei
complishme.- pfouIl. publiosbuasiness
6f Mstdh' hIgh~rn'ieg tneer p'rudei
dI~j'te~h i'tbh if4 ff btssiness." Evet
Comsiiuse rodm, and tlfie resppnibiljt
hisherhI wnt his# 4#atWtir ~f
ada
more int igence and io
honesty, o i6 he -coul
be led. 0 1-1O5 tb ' could P4t
e ds - the danglioib.i tqf
which Is bi.ennially'
we ca
fidence t eh lcsmr g
two are, e do. Who tio other -
Will some 0 1.not e1.&s. at. i
les rnlighte r Norihorn'Cotempora. y
The Mesaa ab
Alaa a r-om the Govitnor of
trggroun able document, taking
etrong thon tho Southern Question, 0
priot inghout a spirit of lofty PA
the rights , discusses ably'and calmly "
South uder Vt properi belong, to the 6
for united, ~t Constitution and calls ti
1 Nprthern i termined opposition,, to
3 Rights. atigns upon Southern
n
A
Itial Oaun.. p
5 ak ' ministration cer. 4
1 other to ' -i nction a ve every
ducted eli k er,n which It has con. c
nia Co, ntio& getting up the Califor
-on eren
p nrt e a e to- our Pulitical Do.
partmo a toI
Corres dont r from the Washington J
will be $nd, of the Baltimore Sun
c cal Ga a which the deep Politi.
Gen. T on hasi been carried on by
faIthfall hro nd his Administiation is
It wile l Vd.
sent out rved that Agents were
lng. the pecific purpose of urg.
from tin of Foreigners, hailing
Globe, wi ery Nation upon the e
Vention asi selves,to meet in Con.
--.n4na m a State Go vernment;
succeeded, that game has partially
al TAYLOR, the mere
0 6 an
will cause, ion or ree oi arty,
h preosented to Congress
thes act fis consummation (accom.
nllshed thr
C. ' hthe, 9gency tisr
degraded gh of menints;
tihe citizen ty strikers,) as the voice of
Tuaylor Ca of hat Territory, for the
of having ne cannot claim th4ecredit
Totset it iginaled this scheme, BEN.
mated it at foot and well nigh consum.
Smthe pres e last Session of Congress.
. u m I Cabioet hats but the dis.
geillus tot ui without- tihe credit of
will concilia
cherish his b etter, and whether they
W e took NTON- by continuing to
exprss u tingsremaineeto be seenj
express cur~t
" n oae pion in our last Issue td
niun.on thWi subject, feel.
t the -whole thingi (espe.
in- a'slave, ba. done-by the -express
irection- of eneral TATLOR, as the *
Agent of the ree Soil ParJy..
We are p -c d to-findhowever, that 3
the matterI not altogether disposed of '
and it ma . turn out that the nefa. I
rious deai the Administ ration will
bo ihwart d the South compel her
oppressor o- her even handed jus.
tice.
uilJ ual.
4 a.i tittt isacomflplighed andr
L A - Editr .-fIogg, lins a
R from tht.i~I CIr,.qpd
. '- k- ;L.p, thego th
* e. ran ppet n.W~I
howev enNip4jib
ha~ng mbo#rgeprvIpps
4 to* asies oECMr. Towss,
h ei f il a s~inr~ Wo wish
Sour fe end 9 gIt ISI4 MQURRlA
ossWeg t7 srss froe New
de*eor blitdfh6 S. Louiltd
tdkein plaslk I Ne#' Mexibe that Huen
Baffin *ais 4 i dhigate ttdaCngress,
axv is now' itis fr& t'o' Iake'liiset
ThIt 10e't t the next session.
The tAt u odettj
otti b
n ritirilg. We had before heard that
r. Cif "wg0 anxiousI consulted about
eoFreeh' dIffiltuyt. 'Alio Mr. Web.
The News by the last Steamer, t
Va.A ton, is not very Important, p6.
cally.,
The ifope still remains at Gaata, and
e French army seem satisfied to re.
an in Rome.
in speaking of th9e possible assent or Eng.
nd to anhozation of Canada to the United
lates, the Time& says :- Yet the conduct
the people will be directed by motives of
denep.nd In terest alone-if they think they
in do without Canada then, and theh only,
III they give up anada.
But n surrendering Canada, they will take
ire not to surrender one jot of sea or land,
e possession of which nearly and effectively
mdorns the maritime and tommercial Impor.
nec of Great Britain.
They will not cede Nova Scotia-they will
at cede Cape Breton-they will not cedo
tose sea.boards and harbors, which must ever
amnand the m6uth of the St. Lawrence, and
roteet the trade of the Atlantic."
The.French Ministry lis resigned or been
ismissed, because of their disinclination to
isirlis 1i viciws'embodieh' in the President's
tter to'M. Noy, relating tothe affairs of Rome.
reat excitement existed in Paris in conse.
uence, but the President was firm, and writ.
in a letter to the Assembly, which the London
'imes characterises as imprudent but spirited.
[a has formed a new Cabinet, which wholly
ipresents the views of the President and a ma.
rity of the Assembly.
The Market.
LivzrooL, Nov. 3, 1849.
The demand for Cotton lais beean falling off
rith both the trade and speculatore. Common
ualities had receded Jd.;' other qualities are
fithout change.
Corron.-Sales of the week 49,000 bale.
pcoulators took 16,000 bales American, and
xporters 730 bales. Committee's quitations
f fair Upland and Mobile Gd; Orleans 61d.
omuinicatious.
(vor. iTHE HERALD]
-STe iMesaplais Conveatlion.
Mr. Editor :-The Columbia Telegraph has
Price made allusion to Senator DAvis of Mjs.
issippi, and myself, in such a manner, as to
take it proper that I should give a brief ox.
lanation of the matters referred to by the
relegraph. Indeed, I can hardly doubt, that
t has been the intention of the Telegraph te
uggest the propriety of my doing so. Ant
oerhaps I ought to give some account of the
:onvention.
First, as to the Resolutions submitted by me
rhe Telegraph regards the first Rfesolutior
a only " suggesting a doubt" as to the ex
stenceof powdr in the Federal Government
o construct the.: propoied Rail Road. Now
so far from tiis being the legitimato construe
tion of that Resolution, it will be found, oi
sareful inspection, to exclude the idea of Con
gress haying any. jurisdiction or authorit;
whatover, over the subject I and a tly suggest
glIlo us, gig fsilitie edr grjmoti
mda fkenitang such a work, Imay11e eilntb%
anstitutional control of Congress. The Re.
Alution is as follows:
Resoleed, That it is highly expedient in a
illitary and commercial point of view, that a
om'acation, by railway, should exist be.
ween the waters of the Mississippi river and
he Pacific Ocean ; and that every means and
seility that may lie within the constitutional
owers of the Federal Government, if.any
o, should be applied to such object.
.Under the terms " means and facilities"
rould be included, the right. of way through
he public lands--recognoisance of the route
y the Topographica. engineers in the service
f the United States-the use of a portion of
lhe pubic hands through whiich the road might
un,-the free use of timber, qtone quarries
nd iron ore, If desired, on the pulll lands
ermission to bridge navigabhe streams, under
uitable .conditions,. &.; and I aight add,
military "' means" to protect the workmen
rom the-aavage In~dian. Such is the only
cat import o(.the words " means and facili,
iss,". and.sin this sense, only, were they use<I
n thge Rosistion. Niateriai means were
oogjree psan ;, As the thing to ae madc
raS mate, ial, and the ''ifacilities" werc
o be appropiriate -to such means. Th<
iower to do a thing, and ,tho mean, and fa.
dif 9f.-dqhng ,that thing,, are very diffvreni
dpay, and the hatter might exist wjthout the
botnerCVon might wholly deny. the authoritj
atifdjisdfation of the Federal Governmment,
ucetg ulatet rail roads, aslI o,and yel
tot deny that, as.a corporate Jand owner, il
nIght grant somd of the means above mention.
d, to a Cospei~y1 l~Iully constituted and au.
Iorzed . tt make the Road, just as a privat<
land owner might grant to the same Vompana
similar' inuanb And fsellities: And slsog. no
p. tltsueab a grant would nyr more nleces
IsfiP jaeply.pterer or. jqrisdielion in the Gov
mirment,then-In eich private Jand owner.
ids rpo rsd fi e
raibsverlsnt esf -Rail Roads, and yet
6't dl Iibeh rUea dtd teilities al
86 r i ~Iutb. employed by me, (as<
In t
Venia's~~f* egete on even lat
e4 hl , t Rpggss
q~etlde
*"sd ttha
~~Aos
others believed, that it could do no more th n
contributo certain means and facilities- I.
bly, there were some who donied both pro
that the second qno is so wholly and palpa Iy
false, as to exolkgall migor of doubt ,
Now what w proper, upder suh ,ato of
things? We met there not to disagree, but to 1
agree. So 1 supposed, and framed my r'eso.
lutions accordinkly. I said to those who be.
lieved inn the. power of Qongress, if you will
not require us to assert the power of Congress
against our consciences, We will not require J
you to deny tihe power, against your cor.
sciences. A member rose and asked me what
I meant by tihe words, " if any do" in my reso.
lution ? Did I not mean to express a doubt
r4
whether Congress could afford any means or
facilities? I answered as follows: I
" I mean to suggest, that it might ho doubt.
ed, even whether any .means or facilities lio
in the hands of Congress; but, at the nto tim, i'
to avoid expressing an opinion, wheti,.cr they t
do or not. I make so modest a suggestion in
favour of any means lyirig in tihe hliands of Con. c
grews, that any man can voto for it except one
who ought to have kept away from this Con.
vention. That Is what is anont by " if any
do." TlisConveition is wiolly incompetent to
decide truly, any constitutional question what.
ever. Thn is nWin this hall, a single copy of
the constit ution. There are not ten members
present who could now repeat accurately, the
clauses, upon which tine power in question is as.
sen ted or denied. The minutest incidental point
that might arise out of this great question of pow.
cr, would not be decided by the Supreme Court
of the United States, without grave deliberation.
That learned body of jurists, would first read
carefully the constitution, and the decisions of
its predicessors, and hold deliberate and snlen
consultation, before it ventured to pronounce
its final judgment. And yet, anl assembly of
four hundred men, few having professional learn.
ing, without discussion, undertake to decide, at
once and by acclamation, tihe whole vast ques.
tion of power. Your decision would have no
weight with Congress, and ought to have none.
Let us then confine ourselves to tine proper
functions of meetings like the present ; bring
to the notice of the Government the substance
and matter of tine Rail Road, and leave the
Constitution to the constituted authorities of
the country to decide for themselves, what they
can do, if any thing, in the matter. As a
member of Congress, I shall certainly claim
to decide for myself."
Nor will it be pretended that the Conven.
tion might have misunderstood what I 1nneant
by the words neans and facilitices." I ex
plained fully what I meant, and stated,ispeci.
fRally, what aid-i supposed Congress might
contribute.
Tie Resolutions, though drawn by me,
were really the Resolutions of tine South
Carolina belegation. My colleagues had
possession of thern one day before they were
introduced. The truth is, it was our or.gi.
nal purpose, not to submit any proposition
whatever, but wait and auo what those, who
had invited us to Memphie, had to propound
On tine second day however, when all the
propositions from different Stale had been
submitted and committed, we came to the con.
elusion, that we could vote for none of them.
And as it would not seem connsistent with good
falih, to voto against every thing, and yet
propos iioth'ing, we determined ,to submit
Resolutions that should truly indicate our
views.
I must then protest against any insinuation,
however delicately made, that tine Resolutions
were cither evasive or eqnivocal.
It is.given out, that Senater Davis, a inemr
ber froin Mississippi, was called on to address
tine Convention, a Ia .i protested a ins
gress. And as I 9as aled to the rostrum if.
ter Col. Davis had concluded, it might be sup.
posed that I was expected to reply to -him;
and thererore, that tine call was mado because
my views were known to be variant fromn his.
Now, Senator. Davis was not. a member of
the Convention. ie had been making a tour
in the-Northern counties of Mississippi, very
near to Memphis, and feli in ti last night of
the session, and in tine hour of adjournmet.
When tine duties of tine Convention we're
closed, and it was about to adjourn, a member
from Mississippi announced to tine cdnpany,
that Col. Jefferson Davis was present. There.
upon, the Assemnrbly assurned the character of
a Mass Meeting, and Col. D. was loudly called
for. After hn had cone luded his address, the
last sentence of which was inaundible to mn,
the mneetiin called my name. I made noal-.
lusion to (.o. Davis in my address, and was
not expected to make any. Tno cells were
merely complimentary, arid not to elicit dis.
custon, and, as suchn, were responded to, by
both of .us..
,As to tine Resolutions adopted by the Con.
vention, they . wera reported from tihe Coin.
mittee on tih lest y~ of thnp.onveintion, whnen
all were fatigued wth debate, and Wetre ex.
ceedlingly anxious to adjoutrn and go home.
Tine; covered several sheets of ponr, and no
memtber had an opportunity to look over thnenm.
Tiney were read fronm tine stand, bat I could
not, from hnearing thnem read, form any satin.
factory Idea corncerning them. I un ecrstood
enoughn however, to determine me net to vote
for them. Upon consulting mycolleaguea who
was on the Committee, hnc sai he was not sat.
laded withn them. Th'iero was however, not
tihe least chance for modifyin thnem. Tine
vote was by acclamation, and nearly every
member appeared to Vote for, thnon. ' he mn
nority did not vote, as ia usually tine ease, n lien
a vote Is taken by .acclamation, and tine ma.
jority is overwhneihng,' It is a mistake, how.
ever, to say,- that the Conve'ntion was unani.
mous, I do not think -an' uno of tins Southn
Carolina Delegation were Infavor of tine Reo.
solutions. And there were, doubtless, many
others who disapproved thnem.' Tine proeedunre
was exceedingly loose, but I' have learned,
f'om long experlende,- the tatter futility of bt,
temptngto do any thing wvith largr, or'even
smal beds of anen pd~aeed by confliet of
opinona, exhausted wit- debate and. sittin~.s
and im b~~j rio business bo-I.,h
*Who" tg flbtion was aimeaneed1
thne otto indienating theg Giar uto, a twor seri.
ut and ensiderato vote Was 'aken, ami our
Delegation voted in the afirmw thVo.
Htrylig hodeeo sftyn thi0 .adjrennt, I
had never seen the Itesohutions ~dptedj until
th1werq .brought to hand by t~EPlmanett
81t. Inner, ofthe 13tl-.Inst. I have.look.
dd Ultrfoever darqdly e r; ,i
eneid6sl -vote Ib tnt's'l..
Tnh hand Ot! deslfiotdenidfThe
1st annd 4th are Ja ia,.'i.Te24 3d,
I~tvoted foY.' stt ID
4Moh ti'dyppear-itt r of h 19th
Theosalotis do not ~l,~sm
'on *a.
rho proceedings of that body were easlulated,
if not intended, to forestall pobio oplton
and anticipef the deliberations of Congress,
Without any sattsfsetory survey or moohI
snee, they assumed the lthe roote West sad
from St. Lt1, ais etewliy pfetieable, and
that no other ~rinfo was,ahd were for Wrging
n si niga. mfaifo
aving to stop 1Wthe .ooky Mountains; to,
s4 great disepyoihtaset of the peopleof the
niton, except such as would have the benefig
f a road -to tihe Roeky Mountains.
Was this injustice to be aequiesced in 7
Va* St. Louis to be permitted to take a snap
adgment against all other sections, and de
iand instant execution without stay, at the
an.de of the Federal Government 1 Was ir
fit right that other sections of the eoontry
htould domand that justice bhould be dne
Iem? and that St. Lu' should not get the
>ad unless she showed herself to be entiiled to
? hut therewas noprejudicesgainast St. Louis.
r her's be found to be the better route, all.
lings consHered, lot her have tie road.
Like that of St. Louis the projef of Mem
his is of vast proportions, ani it may So
iat some who would have restricted . Oh
onvention to more temperate views, did noe
are much to seo both projets disable them.
lves by their own prodigious bulk. Certain
is, that more modest pretensions would have
Lood a better chance for success.
The scheme of a rail.way to the Pacifng
)cean, is inidced a vast one. But those who
reat it as preposterous, evince quito as little
risdom as lsisnn wie thInit the country is ful.
r prepared for it. And I confess that I atn
o constituted, as to feel less sympathy for a
egativo, than for an aflirmative purpose. I
iko the active better than the passivo mood.
West of the broid range of Rocky Moun.
sins, we have a vast domain, to which the
mpire of France bears but tn humble compar.
ton in point of area. From this domain le
re forever cut off, politically and comnercial.
Vy except by means of -a rail.wuy. Future
vents may be such as to make it better for
lur portion of the Union, -to remain so out off.
Jut I am not acquainted with the future, and
annot therefore, undertake to draw conclu.
ions from its ssible developements. There
s no likulihoor, however, that a rail road will
Precede such developement as are referred to.
If there has not been great deception in infer.
nation derived from the most reliable and
raried sources respecting the character of the
ountry from the State of Louisiana, west.
ward to the Pacific Ocean-its incalculuble
nineri resources and great agricultural ca.
>abilities; respecting tihe commcrcial impor.
ance of a speedier communication with the
Western coast of Central and South America;
ith Japan, China, Australia, aid the East
West?) Indies generally; the time is approach.
ng when a road to the Pacifid 'OeMa
hought of by men not out of their senses. It is
Lrue; part of the country referred to, West of
Louisiana lies south of the comtemplated line
Df the road, and is Mexican territory. Bet
as to commercial advantages, it matters not
whether the country be foreign or domestis.
Supposing the great trunk road made; if New
Mexico be the country it is described to be, a
road would soon be made from Santa Fo or
Taos down tise Rio Brava to the Pass, there to
connect with the principal road. If Northern
Texas be the country it is described to be, a
road connecting the navigation of the Brazos
with the principal road, would be quite sure to
be mado: And Northern Texas and New
Mexico are together, large enough for an em.
pire, but are as yet, shut out from tihe world of
contmerce, civilization, arts and refitmment.
If the great Mexican provinces of Chilhua.
iua and Cohahuila, aro such as they are des.
cribed to be, a road up Use Rio del Norte,
would probably be made, giving to these Pro.
vinecs and Western Texas an out.let to the
grdat road. This region, too, is shut out from.
the world.
If tle Pu onoo :of Sonora, as large as thir
, is described to be, abounding in fertile lands,.
xtcneivc and exhaustless mines of precious
letal, tle contemplated road would derive
owerful support from tho wealth and cons.
2ereo of that, as yet, locked up country.
flut coming Eastwardly: The road woul&
itersect lied River not far above the head of
iod navigation, thus affisrding a direct conm.
uunication betwc.:n the point of intersection
nd New Orleans, through an extensive-region
f incomparable fertility. But I shall not dwell
ipon tills asjoet -
Nor, can any unfriendly feeling towards tihe
forth be Imputed to the Memphis Convention.
Pilo Memphis and St. Diego route, it it be
ound practleable, is tle one the Nortm.shouLd
refer. FTe countries through which it passes,
nd to which,'in the end, It conducts, are of
e limate dift'erent from that of' the N'omth.
and time permanent conditions of trade,. areo
iifferceeo of climate and' productions.. -What
hoe's tho North want' with a road 1o the nort
l'he States of Ohsio, Indiana, llinois, Missoesi,
md othera North aWoatern htates, and other.,
till, to grow uli this side thse Rocky- Mouns.
ains, and to other side, too, withiln the same
maallela of lstitud6, (if there 'be. sasnco
notghthtero to generate States;) willall pro.
augq thte sme or similir commnoditiess What
lcgree of intercst will they htave, iin the mneanme
>f exeltanging these commoditiest
1 knsow thsat temporary conditions of tuado
xisot between old antd stew States of the same
atitude.' In thte old State, population is akn
iant, and, therefor,,'land'dear,and, in eense.
luence, many hotake thiemseles- te manumfae.
turing. In the new States,population~ is thin
sud land eheap, and phsi are engaged irn thse
~stiiatio6 of.theo soii,'or in wosations elosely
ronnected*ithm it. But .when posltaion has
round its lol41 and the 4alua o lantde is equal.
Izod-asn5 rail roads would gssatly eapedite thau
tvent--what then would be the state-of thaigs ?
Eacht would want to buy tihe same eosinodi.
ises, an4, yet, would liave the same eomamod.
lies to .sl. No e' een juppe tat th
people of IowA, would ptalisgo flo'r tand pork
wit 6the people of Ore'gon,, ore:ap bprses or
nattie witis them., Theso '.Nould' be--no more
r.son in ,swappinog, Clan in swapping back
ntgain. All, thonbwoqld haeto booli out for
a oomtnion nmn. 'And whtere i that corm.
mon mar et ? They tall tus it is'China. Yess,
it toiU be Qhina,-lf the Northern route tus the
road besop*doi'btammetllinole with hi.'
hpvy cpgobrepd4 Sh an14roo~ewill
f9 t hib'O tugldmlsby rasi
with ~t spofifledh a market on the way.
diestobr 9 E r e tarpm
rlanns and th oeand
a Pb1 . go,ity
* to ssconnt
t,* tt'4ieseeor ,
ta yet
1-~h. ~ m$~'f entaland