/ ^/\^3^*"^' ^ ^"/ * .-> ^ ^4.
THE WEEKLY^BIUSIOa TIKES..
- nei'otfd to ^?rif?Hure, iortiiulfuic. ^lomcstiii tfqonomp. |oIHt :;?tratar?, J)oUti?9, and the Cfnrrrot Unra of ,hf IN
V<& VI.-N.w Sks.K. UNION C. II., SOUTH CAROMNA, SEPTEMBER 10. 1876. NUMBER 30.
POPULAR ORATORS
AS AMMtEriH BY THE HON. T. OMVCMAN.
Jtcwinitct wcfj of' W'bth r (.'itlhouii, Chit/
ami ofltrr Ar.-tfrifitn Orators? I uimat-l
Swats in llit House ami S natr.? The
Ana rtcau " Trlma limit."
Tho commencement exorcises of the ! * uivcrsity
of the Smith were in M Inst Thursday
at Sewanec, Tennessee. All address
vras delivered to the graduating oluss, on the
"Dcfcolfl of Public Sjienkerr. and che characteristics
of Popular Orators/' by the Hon.
T. \i. Cliaguia i. This adit-ess contained
many interesting reminiscences of the great
orators of rh?? country, with deee.rij?ti<?us of
their styles of speaking, and personal
anecdotes concerning thooi. A large por
tion of tho address is given lie low.
it bn^r&IV Ai>U CJ1UATR
Let iw, however, now co.isidcr the peculiarities
and characteristics of some of the
most distinguished orators of tlu country.?
I will in the firet phice call your attention
tn two prominent senatorsofthesame State.
Panic! Webster and Kutus Choate of Massachusetts.
Auioug orators deservedly eminent,
I can recall no tnore striking contrast
than they presented. When 1 first heard
Mi. Webster, his video, though not in any
eense melodious, wrns strong, ole.ar, and very
masculine Attunes it reminded tie- pleasantly
somewhat of the ringing tone of a
raven's note heard at u great di.tancc
through the air. Duiiug his latter
years it lost much of its strength and volume,
bat was always distinct and pleasant.
In 1848 he made an elaborate speech ou the (
subject of tho proposed acquisition ot terri
tory from Mexico. He diAcred with his
Colleague, Mr. Davis, had much feeling on
the subject, au<l only spoke a dor thorough |
preparation. That speech u?ay be reuicm-I
be rod as the one in which he said "'Politi-'
eians arc not .sunfU wore ; tlicy do not turn I
on their god when bo sets the same look. |
they turned when he rose." Ou this occasion
be spoke with uuusuat earnestness, and >
was very impressive,. There wore several j
of tho new inembeis of the 11 use present,'
listening to Mr. Webster for tbe tir.^t time. 1
Towards the close of his speech a member
from one of the Northwestern States said to
me, "What is the matter with the old fellow?
what makes h' i so dull?" "Why," I answered.
"ho is to-dnv speaking with very '
unusual animation. ' "Heavens !" he exclaimed,
"if he were to speak to one of our
Western crowds in that manner and they
did uot know who he whs, they would go off
** * . ive hiiu." It *> <? th >?? piuihih of
certain vyeateryspeakers m the llou^o to
declaim wu?, qrfpat vohtuieucc of mnouur,
clinching tlicir un(j marching forward
and backward with a forui>d?blc aspect. and
when they reached the most eloquent part
of their speeehp* the cravat was pulled off
with a sudden jerk and the vest was unbuttoned
and thrown open partly to diminish
heat and perspiration, a.jd doubtless also to ]
impress the audience with the grentness of
the effort then being uiude. To persons no
customed to such fpeakiug it seemed very
strange that Mr. Y\ ebster should sometimes
spoak for several minutes without uiukinga
gesture. Tu spite, however, of his usual
want of action, he kept the attention of his
auditors, and hid speeches hud that remarkable
quality that when one looked back to
them front week to week they soeuied to
stand out more prominoutly and loomed in i
the distance.
A REMARKABLE SPEECH RY MR. CIIOATK. '
Karly in 18-14. tn tbo Senate, ho spoke :
on tho Oregon quoat.iou. Several Democrat- '
ic senators, followiug in the debate, assailed .
bis speech with remarkable vehemence.? i
It wtia evidcut that they intended to make :
party capital by attacking Great Britain. j
CouKpiouous among thorn were Messrs. Ben- j
too, Silas Wright and Buchanan. Though j
denouncing the pretentious, the injustice, i
the arrogance and the insolence of Great
Britain, they disclaimed auy purpose to go
to war with her. While these speeches
were being outdo, one evening at a social
party, oa meeting Mr. (Jhoate, I said :
' Why has not your Oregon speech beon
published ?" He replied : '! have not vet
made n speech on tho Oregon question, but'
i riieau to make one." 80011 after he delivered
probably tho finest effort of his senatorial
career. After discussing for perhaps
a couple of hours the merits of the question
with an earnestness, a beauty aud an eloquence
seldom equalled, ho turned his attention
to tho senators who had assailed him.
ijuotiog in succession the words of each one,
denouncing tho oppression, the insolence
and the arroganco of Groat Britain, he 01tilaimod:
"But the senator wishes for uo
w<?r with her." Then, with consummate skill,
ue repeated Mark Antony's oration over
(/icsar's body, drawing a parallel between
each Senator nntf ouo of the conspirators.?
"Great Britain," said lie, "has always been
our enemy ; she was arrogant, domineering,
and insolent, hut tho Seuator wishes for no
war with her." Pursuing the parallol, he
exclaimed, "there the well-beloved Brutus
stabbed, but Brutus is an honorable man."
Then quoting another Seuator he cried out,
"See what a rent the envious Casca made ;
but he, too, ivt au honorable man." So admiral
ly had Mr. Choate prepared tho minds
of the auditors that it is difficult to give an
idea of the effect of thcAo quotations. As
one looked ojrur the donate, it seemed ready
to burst luto laughter, but in fact every one
restrained his feelings lest he might lose
some of the speaker's words. The effoet on
the Senators arraigned was not loss striking.
un.;u \f- u 1. -1 - ?
.? um? .ui. iisutuu strove iu tarow il> on,
with a poorly assumed air botwccn indiffer- ,
cucc and deiiaqco, Mr. Buchanan hang hit;
head with tho sheopiah look of one who has
beou dotootod in a shadow strntag in, After
getting through with his ndvoraaricfl,
Mr. Choute drew ?iinru.jlf up to his full
height, with an air of great dignity, aud
said: ''Hut, Mr- President, there is oue
groat and striking difference bttwoon Msrk
Antony and those houorahle Senators, and
it i* due to their high character is well ?*
to the courtesy of the .Souate that I shout
1 state it " As ho tittered these words i
a fine ui.iuly tono of voice, and with an ui
of goucrous courtesy. tlio senators raise
themselves up in tholr seats with a count<
uauco and inatinor which seemed to sa}
"Well, he has hit. us rather hard, but lie i
ibout t > umbo amends handsomely." Mi
(y'iioato said, with striking imphutis: "An
tony was u villian ; Vutony was a hypocritt
; thesr honorable senators arc perfecly sin
| cer?: " llad he swept the chambers witl
! 'te boon scimitar ot Saluditi it would soeti
I that ho ils could n<<t have sunk uioro sud
doul} When ttio speech was concluded
Senator Foster, of Tennessee, and Georg
W . Summers, of Virgi-.iia. both lino speak
cts iod orators, witl. whom L happened t
l?o standing, began to express thei
admiration tn .st warmly. "If that man,'
j said one. of them, "only ha I the man
uer of Clay, or Webster, or Calhoun, li
would universally be regarded ns he great
1 est orator in tlu world." "1 differ witl
you," J said "it is his fiuo roauuer that iui
great degree makes him so impressive, bu
hi.s ideas are net in themselves us largo a
those of the tnta you mention aud aie no
oaleululod to make so great an impression.'
Thoy, however, reiterated their opinion
with much cu.phasis. Some weeks later 01
speaking to them again, 1 found that th
effect had been greatly diminished.
MH. WEBSTEIt's OUKATEM KKKORT.
I regard Mr. Webster's greatest effort a
that delivered on the 7th of March, 18;'i(J
No lucre r- port of it will giro one sin idci
of its greatness without sueh a knowlvdg
of the circ umstance;! under which it wa
made, us perhaps none but those presen
could realise intense anxiety prevailec
in Washington in the minds of men of nl
shades of opinion. The shadows of thcsM
even's which occurred a dozen yours late
seemed to oppress the minds of nl! present
With this anxiety there was a hope that Mr
Webster might solve the difficulty lb
spoke to such an audience as had never bem
previously assembled in the Senate Chain
l?or. All felt the truthfulness of Scuato
WalkerV words wlieu. in moving to post
pone the subject on which he had the floor
to take up that ou which Mr. Webster wai
to speak, he said there was "but one man it
America who could have drawn chat audi
ence together, and lie alone could satisfy it.'
It was not merely that all the sittiug am
standing room in the chamber was lillcc
with a brilliant throng of ladies and gen 1c
fun the diatimruivhvl r^et-.ir of tin
persons asaein ,lud was mom. n.makubiu. l?cing
fortunate enough to get u seat ou lh<
of Cmv iti'o ohtf'? r I ^ - c
unite near M. Webster, I had a fuir viov
* * .*
or every countenance turned towards tin
orator. There appeared iu every face unx
iety and intense earnestness. He had bcci
speaking nearly an hour on the subject it
gene ral tortus before he indicated the po-i
tion he meant to take, livery face retainer
its intense anxiety of expression, until a
the close of otio of bis sentences, he said it
an eutph ttic manner, "1 will not vote for tin
Wilutot proviso," There snouted at (Ntee tJ
1)6 ii of t'utjicncf, accom
.(viiitcu liy a slight nulling sound, causer
by the revelation. He proceeded, and full]
met. the public expectation and hope. Ii
was a purely* intellectual impression madt
on the utinds of all present, and yet the cf
fect w:is greater than any mere oratory alon<
could have produced. 1 never witnessci
such a scene of relief iu the public mind.?
lie bad drawn from the dark cloud tin
lightning which seemed ready to buret or
the country. Hut for this effort we shoult
theu probably have had, with what rosul
(annot U'.w be known, the collision whic'
occurred a dozen years later.
Of those resembling Mr. Webster iu tin
largeness and power of their thoughts, I car
recall no cnc so remarkable as Coo. McDuf
fie I once asked Col. Win. C. Preston, o
South Carolina, whom he regarded as the
greatest orator he had ever hoard, lie iu
stantly replied, 'McDuflie." Of Col. Pros
ton himself it is but just that I should say
after hearing him under favorable circuin
htanccs, I have never doubted that ho wai
by far the greatest orator that J ever listen
e.d to. His thrilling voice, his whole actioi
suited to his impassioned ehvjueticc, hi:
bright and uoble sentiments, his wondorfu
and imposing attitudes, placed him far it
advance of any orator that T ever kuew.?
When for fbe first tirno in Koine, mv over
fell on that, colossal statue of Pompey, tin
base uf which was bathed with the blood o
the great Dictator as he expired under tin
thrusts of senatorial dogger's, I was instant 1;
rerniuded of some of Preston's attitudes. A:
ofteu as I afterwards looked on it the sarin
impression would strangely come over me ?
After the torrent of Preston's intpassiono<
cloquoncc was fairly under way he had :
complete control over his nrrditors. When
for example, wanned with the vcheureuei
of his action, ae graceful us it was impetuous
he would sometimes as it were unconscious);
tako olf his wig with his left hand and pine
it beside him, so as to expose his head, whicl
was entirely bald, there was in the attdienci
no ntoro of a tcudoncv to smile than whet
Chatham for the third time pronounced tin
word "sugar."
McDuffie. with ihc largeness of though
which carnotoriacd ' Webster, possessed th?
earncstue?s uf Choute, and n Ychomcuco udi
force iuitncusurably sujiorior. The array o
his argument* was most powerful, and his dc
uunciation of wroug absolutely terrific. H
had not the poetry of Choatc and lacked th
oolish of Webster, but his uiassive thouirhti
throw n out with tremendous energy, scenic
to (nil aiuoug hi* auditors like thunderbolt!
His whole manner wan that of a man cnl
ing into action every faculty ho ponnennet
not to save his own life, for u bravo ma
could not plead earnestly for hiumolf alom
but as one who was making A dying strut
glo for the life of his country, or for trut
itsolf. If wouM bo interesting for one t
j compare Mr. Webster's speech, delivered i
?? 1 - ! --JJ- 1 *
(1 iho House of Representatives in 1824, s
it agaiust the Uriff, with cue of McDuflio's on 9
r tho same subject tjudo in 1832. McHufle's d
J speech agaiust the removal of the depuoits, u
!- delivered in 1834, bears marks of a Higher v
^ ;jjkirree of finish ami greater polish in it* c
s , language than uiost of his efforts show. It n
r. I is, InS^ever, less forcible and vehement than e
l- some onSype n
; xhVM^.tY's OHAT0BY. r
i- Kntiroly difV(;riT?tt,"sti"in any one of the.so
li speakers was Henry Clay. Whoa in the *
n meridian of his powers his voice hub per1
haps unequalled, Both in the richness and
[. melody of its fine tenor and ia the grandeur ,,
e of its deep bass, it seemed capable of in |>
definite modulation nod expansion, i' r- ;|
o haps the nearest approach to it iu excellence o
r nid compass that 1 can recall was that of 0
" (Sentry, of Tennessee. But oven his voice, u
remarkably mimical and varied in its tones, >,
0 was scarcely equal to Mr. Clay's iu compass, gj
.. was not so emphatic, and could not strike
li with so much force, nor was it capable of n
n so creat expansion in its deep organ tones. ?
1 Though Mr. Clay was very tail; and uau.vly *,
h ' stood very creel, lie never seemed still, o.s p
t Mr. Cnlhouu oiten appeared. Ilis gestures ^
' were abundant, easy, appropriate, very he- n
s prassivc. and yet always graceful as well ?s J
a dignified, lie ucvcr strove as sotue speak- Cj
^ ore do to make un impression by tlie cxhi- ?.)
bition ol' bodily force. He was alw ays nni- 0|
mated, often impassioned Whether he )r
seemed to b ) addressing himself wholly and |,
s earnestly to the presiding otfieer or tlirew the Cl
'. glances of his bright blue eye over the au- j-fl
a dience, by his animated, varied and earnest t.j
B tones, ami by his graceful, and sometimes w
s | commanding gestieuluti >n. he kept the nn- 5,
t j divided attention of his hearers. Ho ap- p
1 poured liked n champion in battle, deliver- n
1 ing bis blows right and loft, aud unlisted (i
j the feelings of his auditors on his side so {
r completely that they scorned to regard it us I u
. their right, aud were ready to shout ovor .
. each success wou. Mr. Clay was perhaps tx
i least felicitous when ho attempted to utter
1 merely handsome things, and to make poeti
cat ijuotatinns. He did not use well such |,
r prettinesses as 8urgeut S. Prentiss would | u,
cull fiom p.. ts and novelists, aud with them J,
, entertain an audience, without ever producing 1
s a deep iuipressiou on it Mr. Clay appeared
1 to the greatest advantage wheu repelling tr
- personal attaeks or when disou.vung topics M
directly conuected with the honor, the Bale-1 #
1 tv, or the liberties of the country. His |
1 j high souse of personal houor, hi< dnutitlu^ ! Jj
j courage, and :.t times haughty during, with I b
1 bis great public spirit and aicleut patriot if, m. \h
"i'ioucl ?d M Of. I. ?**'"* T
) ? v ,f not the r ?twc Tmwrrs a.ono,
. ' 1. u.v.1^ they were, 'sat uiauo bttn the * u.
: greatest parliamentary nuu in the wo ld. 0l
j He was a good lighter, aud tould tsko care w
- of himself in every kind of debate. That ! su
1 he was at times as groat an actor as Lord th
1 | (Chatham himself, will he evident 10 one win lj
- i merely reads his eloquent and patriotic . lvW
1 ' peal to Mr. Van Huron in 1834 to w?c hi?. \ ,p
t j influooc) with President Jaokuou to induce j,
1 I him to restore the deposits, or, ate. later no- .,c
f : riod, his descripti ?u of tlie interview us- \
\ 1 iwvmiii 4I10 Mcinooratic senators and John ' w|
! ?r..i.._ an.?.? ..1.? l . 11?. 1
- ; j yici . j inwu uicu > ?i mui uu imjuhj iiut UTIVC ^
I | l>y force he often won by his unrivalled tact h|,
I > and address. Ho, however, lost nothing fh't
( ; the estimation of :he couutry by the 0CC4 1 \
' nioiinl exercise of these powers; for his per-! ,,
feet frankness, high courage and public ?
31 spirit relieved him froui all censure. Such j,
1 ; means, when nsed ut. times to secure great { <
1 and honorable objects, were viewed incroly
i ! as we do the efforts of a skilful horseman, ?, '
> | who, to manage a fiery steed, is oquallv '%
I ready to use the spur or to coax the animal. I J.
I | No man o^erjjycd who was more prompt to | f'
! repel all that was not alike honest, honor- . :
i able and mmil}'.
j , The session closed on the 4th of March, * ;
i ' and owing to the pressure of Congressional ^
- j bu.-iness 1 had not scon Mr. Clay for many "J
f days. S'ueh was his health that it seomeil J-i
: doubtful if ho would again return to Wash- ?
- ington. The Senate was detained by some *
- Executive business, and was for a while sit- *
, ting with open doors duriug the consideiV *>
- tiou of ;i contested election case. Not be- W
i ing willing to leave without seeing Vfr. Clay, J*
- I walked in, and after the usual salutation, **
i said to hiui, "I called last evcuing to see ar
s you, but you were out." "I am very sor- J?
1 ry." he replied, mentioning where he hod ^
l lieni* "ennm this nwantnrr Hut nn " ouid ?S
- j ho, seeming to recollect suddenly, "I am to J.'
> dine with iSir livery Tiulweij butysir"
coinc and eeo me to-morrow eveijfag." "Ni;v'' 1
I 1 replied, "I leave in the morning I only tj
b orillud't hid you farewell. I shall be a can- ^
) didate lor re-election, but you know that *!"
s politics are uncertain aud we may not meet f
b again. 1 wish you to kuow that, though 1 w
- have of late opposed some of your mens- ^
1 ure.i, tho greater part of my lifo has been
a devoted to tho effort to nwke you Prcskieut. *"
, A wonderful change instantly came over his
a countcnanoe. J t see mod naif that remark a?
i, called up to his mind the images of thous- >H
v ands of friends who had labored so long, so pj
a ardently and s<> vainly for bis promotion. m
i The toars fell nu his flushed cheeks, lie covc
ercd his eyes with his hands for moment, *?
a suddenly recovered himself, and taking me mi
b by both bauds, said, in n subdued voice, T fll
kuow it, my dear fellow, and aui verygratf^ T
t fulforit."' Vt*
0 This disappoiutmont was equally shared1! >
1 by Webster and Calhoun. Tlicy all. howf
over, had the good fortune to die while theii
i- great intellect* wore still in their meridian 1
e xplendor, "beforo decay'# effacing fiogcra"
e bad robbed them of a single element of \
i, strength or grandeur. Mr. Calhoun's loot f
d speech rauks among bis best efforts. When j;
t. it was impressively read by Mr. Mason, Hi fi
I- a fine masculine voice, as Mr. Calhoun sat/ $
1, by hie side, thin and pale as marble, tbe #
n movemonte of his brow, the active and its* tj
s, eessant compression of his lips, his rapid (j
Lrlaucc-* from senator to senator, with an h
h eye a* bright aa that of the wounded eagle, k
;o told unmistakably that there was no cloud f
v on his icitolect, and that bin noble heart waa c
I.
% V ' gKVfl
> > a ' k . T:
.. ............
till ut rokeu. More; than an hour I pawn
lone w th Mr. Clay shortly before bin death
h he lay on a w>fu. because too feeble to si
ip, end with a cough so distressing that i
as ahiost impossible for him to utter >
ontplHb Henteoco, showed that, while hi:
lind * #* oppressed by forohodings ofgrea
vil to the country, his intellect was ttuditn
ied. s i?l the doop current of his pntriotisu
dIIcI with undiminished volutin
low
At a meeting of the stockholders of t
romficiiC railway eorp (ration, recently heir
t It Oon, thetc were p-esent two gentlemen
oth io years, one, however, oonsiderahh
the other. in talking of tlx
hi tines gone by, the youncrer geutlonmr
rdled the attention ol'his friends, and toh
jpietMitt little story, which should be rem
'ith profit by every poor, industrious au<
trivngiad. We use his.vwn language :
"2early half u contury ago. gootleuiou, 1
as (tout, willing ,.nd able, considering u?\
jud r verrs. and secured a olaee in a hard
> w I " "4 "
'or. More, to ilo all sorts of chores required
wt. paid seventy-five dollar^n year tor tin
miees. One. day, after T Lad boon u
?, three months or more, my lrieud there
Jr ]> who holds his ?ge remarkably well
iinv) in the store ar.d bought a largo bill 01
in vols and tongs, sadirons and pans, buck
tf scrapers, and scuttles, for he was to b<
ii-ried the next day, and wag supplying
i household in advance, ns was the groom's
iHorn in those days. The articles wen
i .ked on a borrow, and made a load sufli
i.atly heavy for a young uiule. Hutuiori
'bug than able, 1 started off. proud tha
''id aid niovc such a mass on a wheelbarrow
<ot on remarkably well till I struck thi
rati rood, now Seventh avenue, leading t<
7 friend R.'s house. There I toiled iiik
grped and tugged and toiled, and couh
ft hildgc tb' load up the hill, the wheo
leg its hall'diameter into the mud cv 1-3
mo i would try to propci it forward. Final
a good natuivd Irishman passed by wit!
dmy and took my barrow, self and all, 01
is vehicle, and in consideration of my pro
iiso to pay biui a bit landed mc at un
jst illation.
1 counted the articles carefully as 1 de
vered t.heui. and, with my empty barrow
udged my way back, whistling with gle?
rur uiy triumph over the difficulty. Soun
oeks after 1 paid the Irishman the bit ant
Dver got it back, front uiy employers (Mr
h, T. am sure, would have remunerated me
ut never beforo heard this story ; so, if hi
1 in dined, ho can compromise the debt bj
MO ? oua'.ioi Ml hi.s lire, puitli*;
est tti.I.) Rut to die mi ni. A moroham
ui witnessed ujv Struggles, and b.iw r.-nl
1.' iy 1 struggled to deliver that, loail ot hard
arc j he even watched mc to the hotiscnui
w me count each piece as I landed it it
? door-way. He sent for me the :icxi
iy. asked my miuie, Icld uie I10 hail a re
ml for my industry and cheerfulness un
r difficulty in the shape of a five hundred
liar clerkship iu his establishment. I
ocpted, aud now, after nearly half a cen
ry has passed, f look back and any ]
heolcd myself iu to ull I own, for that rc
?rd of perseverance was my grand stepping
.?ne to fortune."
The speaker was a very wealthy banker
man of influence and position, and oik
rive willy respected for many good quali
* of hcavl and heart. Hoys, take a moral
jm thi.- story, aud be willing aud indusious.
You do not know how ninny eyes
0 upou you to discover whether you art
'iggish and careless or industrious and will
j, or hew many there are who, if yon
o mora! and worthy, will give 3*00 a step
ug stone to wealth and position.
VYttFKftMKNTitt) Wine."?The following
Ffotious for preicrving grape juice, so ns
rfiako what is sometimes called "unfer
euted wine ," we find in the Join not oj
fit>lied Ch r mis try :
The grapes should be allowed to thorough;ripcn.
They arc then picked,, And the
ma and ah green and rottou .grapes reoved.
The grapea nro then crushed and
cised in the usual innoucr. The juice
ij' b? put direotly into bottles, or it may
first concentrated aomewhat by boiling
fc*tben bottled; in either case the bottles
t puc iu noi water ami brought to the
'Hug point, where they are maintained
lull an hour. At tho end of thin time
'tore them from tho fire aud cork them
while fatil) hot, wiring in .hf norka.
' VittptaM them and continue the boiling
thW hour. Glaas bottles are better for
if purpooo than tin oi.ua, though the latter
* bo twed. Au analysis of a specimen
od in Now Jeraoy, gave the following
MflU, Alcohol, none; sugar and extract,
llOjash, 40; water, 7600. This had,
tl/ebly, been concentrated somewhat bef
bottling. Tho flavor was flue.
VpR Girls.?It b a study worthy of an
st to look at u group of our Southern
I; and talking together in any
ably, or a private party at an
in the girl, of only fifteen or
's of age, so much genuine grace
dignity and aelf-powcsaion of
k*t it astonishes while it pleases,
exactly how to aqiilo; the polite
astrained attention; tho happy
iqaed attention ; the sweet smile
to some fortunate arrival,
4<.1hr smile of iced dignity on one
JfAides upon a favored companion in
ot; do these sweet and happy
rrj their sweetness and happiness
it heme cirtlc? Is it smiles or fretthere
? Tho first duty of politellkto
he polite at home. The first law
F^v,nhility i? amiability to father and
^HLj^reAper and sister. The most beautfi'lf:ha:ni
that o:in adorn character, is the
hs? ' a teudor reverence, a sweet affail'//
log sympathy, a polite and gracoul
acr in the privacy of the homo
irjh
'MnfS S F
I: '
1 | COL. I. WASH WATTS' KXPEBIBHOI WITH |
IKE QBABRBt AHD STOCK. ,
t i Ajj the griiss question aud lire stook rsiis- |
t | ing sit the South are attracting tho attcn- i
i i tiou of a lsirgo class of our farmers, thanks <
s , to such writers an ltev. 0. W. Howard and (
t | Dr. Leo, I have thought it might add some
- : little to their testimony, for mc to give aogie
i I of the experience of twentv voars in mis- ,
ing 'vr?ss, hay, turnip, sheep, cattle, and i
butter," (I have never tried to make cheese,) i
and I am ready to hold up the bauds of I
! these men while the) battle for so good a ; .
1 cause, aud endorse their nrgnmcut* witti i i
facta. j (
r Previous to 1852, 1 was farming iu my I'
? native county. Laurens, S. C , but always .
> ; having a fancy for stock and grass, a id be- j
| j lieving that 1 could do better in Nortiiern j <
1 I (reorgin than in Laurens. I moved Mid net- i
\ ; tied iu Ones Couuty, about twelve uiilo* from
, Mr. Howard, whore I farmed on the mixed j
| plan with fine success, raising a? fine clover i
t as 1 have ever seen grow anywhere else? 1
When 1 first began 'rowing clover seed, I i
found the prejudices of my neighbors just i
, as strong against the grasses ns in uty na- |
i tivc .State, but my success stimulated others,
until that r.-gion has becouio u fin? clever i
country. I left there during the war. and i
f ufter the war settled at Martin's Depot. S.
. C., where I have grown as good clover as I
> ever saw. cutting one nunsou three good
. crops from the same land, but 1. am eoni
vinccd that, we should not cot more than
two crops, and rarely more thau one; as it: i
robs the. land too much, the lust crop should
be left on the land.
t 1 have made excellent hay of clover,
Herd'; grass, and crab grass, and can testify
5 that it is as easy to raise clover here as any- i
-> where in the Vijbed States, it only rccjuir|
ing of us the same efforts mode by others.
\ The main cause of failure here is. that most
J persons try to get u crop of grain aud elof
vor at the same tirio, when the land is loo
. poor ior ono crop Ulover should be sown
, on land previously well cultivated in cotlou,
, potatoes. peas, or some cleauly lined crop.?
. I ha .'e succeeded hotter sowing in March
f than any other time, on land freshly ploughed
and harrowed; and, after sowing, harrow
. again, if convenient, but it makes but little
difference whether harrowed in or not, as
, the first shower will put it in ; be rare to
j put no crop with it, unless it be orchard
J gross; oats will dry it up. and ruin your
stand. If weeds conio up, all the better,
for they will garrison the clover against the j
> crab grass, and will not injure the crop. 1
j I have raised turnips with fine success,
* br:h hero hi??1 in Ocorgin ; kave j^rovn
t. tlucc hund.ed bushel* to tlu. acre, wim hut
. little trouble and cxpcusc, aud havo no
. <!.??? tirnon three, if a
1 proper effort be uutde. \V c usually take up
, our turnips, and bed them like potatoes,
I and feed, as we need them, to sheep and
rattle.
Herd's grass can be grown here to pcr[
fection. i find it growing on our brauch
[ bottoms nearly everywhere 1 go. Orchard ;
. grass does well here, and is the best mix- ,
[ tnre with red clover th it. I have tried, both
. ripening at the same time We also have
, the Bermuda grass, ami, from present indications,
it will soon pn.ssc.ss all the bottom
land iu this section, and the earlier the bot- i
. ter; then some people will have grass and
. hay who have never known tho good of it; I
| and, for permanent pasture, the Bermuda i
grass and white clover, mixed, will make i
j about as perfect a pasture as any othor i
. known grasses, each growing in its time, ??
if the othor was not present, and furnishing i
t grazing nearly all the year. Everybody 1
. knows crab grass, but few know it) value 1
for hov: it rarelv fails on woll o?lilii??o<l
J ? v ? v..?..v? I
land, aud makes excellent hay if cut while .
in bloout and well cured ; in addition to i
' these wc have an abundance of Japau olor
vcr, i'Jjpspcrfeza *triata,y and other grasses,
for sheep pasture, and 1 assert without fear
of successful contradiction, thai we ouu
raise sheep hero as cheaply and profitably
! as anywhere this far North, and I am almost
ready to say anywhere in the United
States, unless California furnishes an ex1
ccption ; and this may be douo to a considerable
extent without diminishing the oot'
ton crop ; but, ou the contraiy, by graxirig '
' the waste places, we add a fertiliser that is
1 very cheap, the mauufacturor working for
uothing and paying his board. Tho sheep
' yield three crops, wool, lambs, uud manure;
either of the first two will more than pay
nil cTjw>ri?.rs leaving the other two clear
profit.
It is regarded good economy at tho North,
on mixed farms, to keep one sheep for every
acre of tillable land. This can be done ou
nearly every cotton plantation, and will add
to, rather than diminish, the cotton; and
when other crops of sheep feed fail, tho
cottou seed makes an excellent feed. I
havo wintered our sheep entirely on raw
cotton seed, fed twice a day, at the role of
three bushels to tho hundred sheep ; eveu
when we have plenty of other food, we.
usuully give them sonic cotton seed, of
which they are very fond Our aheep pay
us much better iu proportion to outlay, than
any crop wo ruise, and if I had the money, p
I know of no inwoal inniit 1 -' ' 1.1 ?
.H.v??>i?vu\ *. nuuiu miucr gi
make, than to buy a few huudred Merino a
sheep; I want five hundred on our little r
farm, and will not bo satisfied until I get fa
theui. r
As i n evidence of the profit of Merino n
ahecp, I will state that wintering ewes Jaat u
winter oosl fifty cents a head, nud twenty- fa
five yearlings a Ye raped eight pounds of n
wool, some going as high as ten, while our tl
breeding rams sheared from fourteen to ]<
twenty pouuds; this wool is worth in the n
dirt about thirty-three and a third oents per a
pouud. Ewes having latnbe yield about o
one-third less than those without laniha, hut
always enough to pay for the board of herself
and lamb for a year, so the lamb starts il
out of debt, and pays well as he goes, and b
never dies insolvent. The greatest draw- tl
hack to the sheep business is not the want a
of grit*, hay, or turnips, but the dog and p
1 ?J| ^
i >! " 11 -f 1 *
thiof \ tho former can be disposed of with a
ihortened biscuit, but the latter tarnishes a
kuolty question I can't solve. 1 have given
overal facts, i?nd I will give a theory thut
differs !ron? the generally iceeived opinion
of knowing ouca ; it in. that sheep are rarely
killed by very poor dogs; negroes' dogs
rarely kill sheep without the aid of the
owner; it is the fat, well fed rascal that
iocs the mischief; at any rate this has been
my expedience. Tho fat dog begins the
killing for mischief, but after his frolic is
over be return* to take a bait of fresh inut
ion, when it you ?ro in liuic to put in
strychnine. you will get him every time.?
The poor dog hunts for the crumbs and
ilcad earoasst^s.
We have succeeded very well in raising
oettlo, but only keep a few, as the sheep
pay so much better. I havo lest more in
nogs than any other stock, which is always
i heavy loss, as they cost so much to raise
them I nm sure that wo ought only to
keep a few gleaners, and leave the bulk of
the hog business to ton cent* a bushel corn
men; hogs will not pay where corn is worth
fifty cents per bushel.
I should have added lucerne to the hay
crops spoken of above. About lour years
ago, I prepared about linlf an acre of rich
land, that had boeu heavily manured the
year before and planted iu cotton, to prepare
lor the lucerne; the laud was well
prepared in the spring. I think in March,
and the seed gowu iu drills eighteen inches
apart; it. soon came up and grew oft' rapidly,
and the second year wo out tire crops of
hay which 1 did not weigh, but believe it
yielded at lon?i two ions to the acre at each
cutiiug; just think of ton acres iu such a
crop, nod itow tnnuy sheep it would food;
but the land must he made very rich to
yield such crops.?Jiural Caroiinian.
THX RACE QUESTION.
The Jackson (M isa.) Ulnrivti very wisely
concludes that if the negro loaders had a
particle of discretion they would hesitate
long before precipitating -a conflict of races
iu any part of tho Sovtu. They ought to
know that, in such a conflict, their defeat
would l?o inevitable. Leaving out nf view
a calculation of the aggregate white population
in tho two sections combined, let U3
look lit the statistics of the Southern States
alone. The followiug tshle, made up from
the uioth c .nsus, shows thnt there arc only
throe States iu the Union wherein the negroes
hi.vo a majority, aud only two whore
on a square divisiou of the races at tho
yuig at the lant. What we want is not a
lore stringent divorce law, but a better
ndorstanding of the moral law, which forids
the worrying of those not alr^pty ono;
ot less marrying, but less marrying where
here is no re-marrying. And, nboro all,
jtThcre be no inpiting or bribing thoeo to
rarry, who are not drawn to eaoh other,
ud held inseparably together by qualities
f mind and soul.
A bruise neod not turn black and bine,
T hot cloths are first applied to prevent the
lood from coagulating; then gcotiy press
he wounded part with the finger to relieve
ny defect in the circulation, and afterward
>ut ou bandages wet with oold water.
* -SLr, ?t5[ . ' v "w) ' i
0
polls the negro's majority is large enough
lo l*j faiily counted hjkim :
J-ori l.ATIwN IN 1870.
Ai-.i'oAma w&si
ArVmw., 162,116 122,269 139,947
Florida.. 97,067 91,088 4,368
flaorpcia 638,926 545,142 94,784
Kentucky, 1,008,082 222,210 775,482
Louisiana 802,066 364,210 *2,146
Mississippi 882,800 444,201 *61,205
N. Carolina 678,480 301,650 287,880
8. Carolina 289,667 415,816 *126,147
Tennesson 036,118 822,831 618.788
Texas 712,089 263,446 468.014
Virginia 712,089 612,841 199,248
West Virginia 424,043 17,980 406,063
*Ncgro majorities.
Delaware, Muryland and Missouri, aro
not given in the table because the uegro
vote is uot large cuough to bo considered.
South Carolina and Mississippi are the only
States in which the uegrocs can count on a
majority sufficient for any practical purpose.
But in such a coutest as their conduot in
Warren County and their proceedings in
die last Legislature, aro likely, sooner or
later, to bring about, what could their numbers
avail them against the courage, skill,
iiscipline and desperate intrepidity of the
\nglo-Saxons fighting for their homes and
ill they hold sacred ? Besides, it is not to
be supposed that the whites of the contiguous
States would be idle witnesses of such
i conflict. The means of transportation
from one State to another, are convoniont
l :J
iuu lupiu.
Tho Clarion adds- : "The ncgroeB c.mlot
be too often nor too soler Ty warned
hat the white people, like th .aselves, are
lerc to stay. They do not intend to be
10were of wood, nor drawers of water.?
rhey do not intend to abandon their homes
lor to be taxed out of them. There is a
imit to the right of taxation, and the nojro
leaders and their allies have already
cached the boundary."?Charlotte. Obtrr?<T.
Too Much Markyi.no.?There is altogether
too much marrying, by form of law,
hoso who at the most are only a third or
mlf married in other ways. And there is
iltogcthcr too much urging and coaxing,
ud alluring young people into tho most
n.'portaut and t.acred of all human relations
?nfore they are prepared or moved to aa- ?
ume its burdens, and by those who ought
o know better and act with more considertioi).
We make too much of marrying
ud boing married, until it is thought by
nany people, somewhat a disgrace for a
roman to pu#t> through life alone; when iu
set, the life of many a single woman is
toctry, romance, rapturo even, in coinpari*
on with that of many a wife. So there is
vast deal of marrying with Tory little of
eal marrying; a vast deal of discontent,
icmrt-ache, misery, hypocrisy and nnmar