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' " " - ll.11 1 ."'f' ?'??" ? ? I^ii-M^im lf? HMIIHHHIIIHII MM?.m>ji i??mm11 ? III- Iiira 1- 1-rv?^JiMjanr rjinr?a? THE ABBEVILLE PRESS ANB BANNER BY W. A. LEE AND HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1869. * VOLUME XVII---NO. 2fi. Now what should wo do ? In tin first placc wo should erect a platforn: and havo no dead wood in it, ami discard all fossils and ibssililcroitt 1 ideas. If wo hope for success, wc must nominate candidates upon ji platform of principles, that will nol insure defeat, but success. It was all right and proper andoui duty in the past political contests tc fight against the Reconstruction A el; of Congress, against negro suffrage, and l'or our cherished principles, but for the future let us not weaken out party and embarrass ourselves l>_y such fruitless opposition. The democracy of noble old Virginia and ol gallant .Mississippi and of redeemed Tennessee will never lead us a I ray but if followed will lead us to success, "Wo know that there are some hardshell .Democrats who under no circumstances, could be induced to lake :i LOVE AND AGE. We doubt not tlint tunny a heart, covcrcd by the fiosI of sixty winters, will read the following beautiful lines with the emoaiois of younger years crowding about it! and lie who never attempts to read poetry of any kind will be ijastaiuly touched when his eyes fall upon these line?: J played with you "mid cowslips growing, \\ lieu 1 whs six and you were four; "When gailiiud" weuviug. flower-belle throwing, Were p!o:.s?rea soon to please no more, Thr?' groves mid meads, tier grass and heather, With li tie playmates, to and fro. We wandered hand in hand together; Uul that was sixty years ago. You grow n lovely roseate maiden, Anil still our earl lily love was strong;* Still with no care our days were laden, They glided joyously along; And 1 did love y*-u viry ilearly? How d?-iirly, words want, power to show ; I thought your heart was touch as nearly; liut'thnt w. s tifiy years ngo. Then other lovers^anie around you, Your bounty grew from year to year, A i d inuny a splendid circle found you Tne centre of it? glittering sj here, I eaw yon then, lirsi vows forsaking, Oil rank and wealth your hand bestow ; O, thou I thought my heart wai breaking; But that was forty years age. AIM 1 lived on to woil another; No cau.se she guv.- mo to r*p:uc; And when I ho;;I'd yon were a mother, I did uut wish the children lain.*. I\1 y own yoimg flock, in fair prognssion, jiuilt' up n pleasant Christmas l'?'\v ; Mv joy in tlieiii was p-ist expression, Uut thai was thirty years ago. I Yon preiv a matron, plump and comely. You dwelt in fashion's brightest blase; My earthly lot was fur more homely, 15ut I too hud my festal days. Ku merrier eyes have ever gli.-tei.ed Around the hearth-stone's winter glow. Than wlioniny joutigest child was ehristoucd ; Uut that was twenty yeais ago. Tho time passed. My eldest girl was married, And now I am gramlsire grey ; One pet of four years old I've eurricl Anion; the wild flowered meads to play. la our o d ti-1.1 of childish pleasure, Where now, and then, the cowslips blow, She tills her basket's amide liKUiUre? And this is not ten years. But though first love's impassioned blindness, And shall do t.ill our last good nii;ht. I still have thought of you with kindness, And shall t.11 our last good uitjht. Tile ever rolling siL-nt hour? Will bring a time we shall not know, W'lien our young davs of gathering flowers Will !.. .... I..... I- M For the Abb< v'.'.le rrc99 nnd Banner. POLITICAL SITUATION. >fn. E i>iTou.?1 beg leave to say a few words in reference to what, in our humble opinion, appears to be our proper political policy at present, and under existing circumstances. The question aa once suggests itself what is our situation, and what are the circumstances by which we are surrounded. Every man answers that we are a conquered people, and lire surrounded by circumstances the inevitable result of that particular situation. The consequence is our .Stale government has been remodeled to suit the views of our conquerors, subverting our social system, impairing the usefulness of our labor, making severe exactions of us. imposing heavy burdens upon us; they have thus paralysed the energies and the productive capacity of our population ; they have created what wc never before had to contend with, the antagonism between labor and capital, and that worse and more prolific source of discord, the antagonism of races. But not only has the foundations of our ft la l e government been swept away by the current of events, but the government of the United States lias been so construed, warped and amended, to accord with the views of the dominant party, that it has beyond dispute culminated in nationality, and is striding rapidly toward centralization, which is apparent to every mind capable oi reviewing the situa. lion through the medium of philob >ph ic-al composuro. Already a party Kmnll lint enrti'.inxil" .1? - .juiiiliviiu) Mi'jnij iu support an influential journal, advocates tlio abolition of tlic representative principle of tlic government and the creation of an empire. The spirit and the principles of tho old Kentneky and Virginia resolutions upon which the Democratic tlioory of our government was built, can now now no longer occupy a place in tho political creed of any parly that fights for success; in oilier words no party organization can ever hope for success when it opposes the settled fundamental theory of the government, nnd here at this point, we may properly ask what is the plain duty of outold Democratic party at present. Ought we any longer to incorporate as part of our political* creed, States rights, as understood before the war ? Is it sensible in uh to continue at present our opposition to the Ileconstruc tion Acts of Congress? Can we gain anything by opposing negro suffrage? Ia anything to be gained by opposing any right or privilege secured to tho negro oy tho government? Now wo take tho position that any 6uch opposition at present is perfectly futile, and is nothing moro or less than a stupendous picco of folly. It is fighting over a dead carcass. The questions arc dead and have no vitality in them. Virginia and Tennessee each have a much greater white than black population, yet their statesmen saw the folly of contending under existing circumstances, for the lost causo, and tho wise pcoplo of theso states and of Mississippi have determined to accopt tho government as it is, and in our opinion South Carolina would do well to follow their example. Wo arofully awaro that thoro aro somo persons whoso minds aro so thoroughly im vuuu wii>u mo jeiiorson, JVladison and Calhoun theory of our government, that thoy look upon all dissenters, even now, as deserting their raeo and their country. ? ?Such men will nover be convinced that tho great principles of these giant intellects have now no poiitical vitality. To say tho least of them, theso great principles are' cortainly|now in abeyance, and wo think that it would require as groat a revolution to rcinstato theory as it did to subv^i't thom. # # * ? * \ * I .single stop toward conciliation, concession or compromise. They had never learned that it is necessary foi the minority, if they would increase their party, they must concede somej what to tho feelings and sentiment* of the majority. 1 would not exactly give the command right about face, but I would certainly be willing to march under the same commands that gave success in Virginia, and it' Carolinians ever hope to rule Carolina, we must profit by her example. CUIiLTAIL. For tin* Abbeville l'rcis r.nd Banner To tlio Farmers of Abbeville District. I said in 1113- last communication, that tlio profits of agriculture were in proportion to the quality, and the I extent of our operations. | The term quality, us used in this connection embraces every element which enters in the production of tlio plant, as well as the mechanical operations necessary to put the soil in such condition as will enable the plant to take up the elements i>s tlicy are needed. The developemcut of vegetable life, is not unlike that of the animal. If we take an animal?a pig for instance, and place it in a pen in such condition, and under such circumstances, that even though it may have an abundance of food, yet it will dwindle and perish for the want of proper treatment. It requires a comfortable pen?one suited to its necessities upon which the owner has bestowed some care and attention, as well as a sufti'cicncy of food. So with the vegetable. If we assign a pjiaee of four feet square to the production of a perfect ear of corn, it is not enough that we plant the grain simply, nor will it answer to feed it with an ample supply of all the elements of which it is composed?in either event iL will fail to produce a perfect specimen of corn. In die first place the space allotted to it, must ho deeply stirred, the deeper the better, and and thoroughly pulverized. The earth is simply the medium through which the plant is enabled to take up its food. 1'- is to the plant what the ordinary culinary implements are to men. The spoon of the plant. By the thorough and deep disintegration of the soil, a continuous supply of Moisture, by condensation and altraction, is obtained for the rootlets. moisture mnv !>o ^ illr-1 ?l : 1 ..... r WW w??>IVV4 HIV/ llllllUiiiai'.l ol" the plant. Its food is conveyed by moisture nnd if' there is n deficiency of it the i>!:Uit will die. Thus I>3' the deep and thorough disintegration of the soil we obtain from tiie plant the neces.sa.iy condition of moisture, and u line circulation of air with its attending benefits. Having all the requisites as to condition of soil, it only remains for us to iced the plant with such food as the soil is deficient in, then adopt that system of cultivation, which will enable us most effectually to destroy the weeds and grass with the least i,. 11... >.>)< > ) ivy l.HU J Ijsjlti UI LI1U plUIU. They should nol be disturbed if possible to prevent it. As well ?jo into the forest and cut tho roots of the trees and expect them to flourish, sis to cut the roots of the young plant and expect to improve it. The above is tbo quality and condition of successful agriculture. It is that perHued by every people where intelligent free labor is employed ; when agriculture is studied as a science. With this view of the subject (it is the correct one practically and theoretically) what a vast area of surplus land wo liave hero awaiting occupation. Under tho above system we may extend our area perpendicularly as far as we please, to our profit, but fifty acres laterally is as much as we can use profitably now. FIFTY ACRES. Women as jurors.?This is one of the phases of tho petticoat suffrage question now being agitated. Onco I armed with tho ballot, the duties of sitting upon juries will be "imposed upon" the ladies. Now it is a notorious fact that men are far more lenient and merciful to female criminals than women are towards each otber outside of tho court-rooin. If they will not spare a weak frail one now, what will tncy do when clothed with tho rights of jurors? Imagine a young and pretty woman, who has "stooped to folly," brought beforo a jury in which several irascible and elderly spinsters hold the balance of power, is it difficult to say what tho verdict would be? Would tho prisoner's beauty, or toars or reTkAniftnOA 4 Kftm 9 V !l . ?- . ? winy, no. If the young thing happenod to bo tho plaintiff in a suit for breach of promiso against a handsome, rich young swell, would sho win her suit V Truly, no. Could tho ladies on the jury find it in their hearts to give a verdict against "such a nico young man ?" Iilcss you, no. Thus it is ovident that with crinoline in tho jury box neither would got justico. ^ ? What aro you writing such a big hand for, Pat?" "Why you sco my grandmother is dafe, and I am writing a loud letter to her." m j [From the 11 unil Carolinian.] j Experiments with Barley and Clover. > Aril. Kditor : The times havo elmng od, :ind will? ihein must change many t of the habits of our people. Old i things have passed away, ami many things have become new. Amongst " none of our population are Uiom) facts 1 more materially realized than among ? the planters. in by-gone days the ' , Southern-planter wasdc J\tclo it dc jure, ' as the lawyers would say, truly and i ' really the monarch ol' all he survey- ! ' od. The land and the laborers, ns well as the produce, were equally merchantable. JSot so now-a days. The 1 i laborer is the property of himself, , j and is in most can's a perfectly irrc ' liable producer. The planter may j purchase, but can seldom ell'ectively 1 I systematize labor; hence the necessii j ty of becoming more self-reliant; and I to become self-reliant, the Southern | planter must not only change his hab1 its, but must also change his crops, his culture, and his implements. More ' stock must be raised, that more man>! ure may be made, that more hm?l mnv j be enriched, that more land may ho ' realized. To feed more .stock, more 11 forage muni he housed . and to hou.se inoro forage, crops i:i!ist ho grown that require less cultivation. In short, less cotton and corn must he i grown, and more wheat, rye, oats, I barley and clover must he sown. Upon either of these grain volumes | might ho written, whi< h. if read, j would profit the South Carolina plan- j tcr; but this article must he confined j to a lew words upon clover, entirely j practical and niggostive, and the simple narration ot an experiment feasible and profitable to the humblest planter in the Slate. On the tenth da}" of August, 18G7, I enclosed ono and a half acres of old red clay land, uncultivated for many, many years, and too poor to cover its own nakedness with a coat of weeds. This lot was again divided into two equal parts, and in each " pen " were kept every night (alternating weekly) twenty head of cattle and lil'ty sheep. As olten as the pens were alternated they were broken up with narrow plows. If too hard, they were left limn iiiiu, :inu men piowcu. -L lie lust week in October, '07, the cross fence was removed, the acre and :i hull' well and deeply plowed and cross plowed with one-horse plows, immediately sown / with three bushels of barley and plowed in with scooters. A peck of clover weed was then sown and harrowed in with a one-horse irontoothed harrow. A perfect stand of both barley and clover was secured, and in March, 'OS, a bag ^2U0 pounds^ of Soluble I'acilie was sown broadcast upon the growing crops. On the tenth of April I began feeding the barley, and for six weeks it was the only long forage fed to nine, head of mules of horses, and every morning, noon and night during that time, each animal bad as much as he could cat. in .November, '08, a bag of W'ando, (100 pounds.) mixed with 100 pounds of plaster, war; sown Lroadcast over Lh'> nci'i' mwl M '..iir i.. >r? i- ? ?...V4 ?.% iitiu. j ii liirit the clover was mowcvl with a Buckeye Mower, and eight two-horse loads of beautiful clover hay hauled oil' the lot. One half acre of the acre and a half was measured and mowed to itself, and housed and led to thirteen mules and horse.-, and it supplied them bountifully three times a day for eight days and a third. On the 7th of June a bag"of Alia Vela guano, (U00 pounds, mixed with 100 pounds of plaster, was again sown on the clover stubble, jusl. beginning to grow oil' beautifully, and to-day, 22d June, thesccond growth of' clover is nearly knee high, and as rich and luxuriant as can be found in the limestone lands of Kentucky. If July is a seasonable month, the second crop will, in all probability, yield eight more loads of winter forage for cows and sheep. This crop is said to be injurious to horses and in it Ids, but ex-I eelient for other stock. Now, .Mr. Editor, the only difficulty with the South Carolina planter in raising an abundance of stock is the lack of winter food. Our old fields and uncultivated lands will forage ten times the amount of stoek we have, from 1st -May until the 1st November. The fucd for the other t?ix months is the rub. This can only be procured by sowing small grain and clover. Small grain straw, sheltered at the threshing and salted as threshed, is equal to good fodder, and far better for winter feed than most of the fodI dcr saved. And an acre of good eloI VCr Will vifilll lll'ivn __ j ~~?. ?<v*v Miiiivi iv.nij ill x 111 itely superior to the best fodder, than one frcedinan will pull from the corn stalk during the whole month of August. Then why will our planters not grow clover? Let me beseoeh every man who reads this article, if lie has but a garden to attend, to sow a small patch of clover seed, and treat it as I did the above lot, and report in future the result of his experiment. Nature lias done much for our beloved section, and we can do much more for ourselves if wo will only make the effort, and not allow Naturo's suggestions to bo heathenized by tho lazy, shiftless Ethiopian. J). WYATT AIKEN. Koopmansciiap's Pio Tails.?This individualproposcs to furnish tho West with swarms of pig tails on tho following scale: " This total cost of importation of , Chineso to Now Orleans from China is. 8130 gold. Contracts to be made for flvo years. Wages, eight dollars in gold or ten in currcncy, for good 1 fiold hands; fiftcon dollars in gold for ' railroad hands; advances mado to ' them in China, to bo deducted in " monthly installments, two suits of clothing por year. Each laborer's contracts arc to bo mado for not less than fivo years. Laborers to -work ; twenty-six days per month; also to ' have ono or two holidays during , the commencement of their new year in ' March, i. / * ? 9 A Word to Farmers about Selli tlioir Produce. Farmers are often blamed for n selling their produce as soon as it ready for market. And it must confessed thai those who do so, I king one year with another, do ?pii as well, all things considered, as the who hold on in hopes of yetting big er prices. They obtain their inon soon after harvest, and arc cnabl< to use it to advantage, Dealers grain can obtain money much mo easily than farmers, and can coin ijiicntly hold the grain longer. While, therefore, we think fannc: often do better by selling early, the is still room for the exer?*iso of jml 11.... : ....'....i ?ii* iii. "nv ivawii w n y iu n iiiii.li host lo sell early is, that most farmo suv disposed lo hold on to their gra ;is long as possible, and when tl time comes thai I hey must sell, the are more sellers than buyer*, and t price declines. It is a curious fact thai people go erally are more inclined to sell wh prices are low than when they a high, When wool was 80 cents pound, it was more dillicult to indu larmers to sell than when it was < cenls per pound. Last, fall, with r wheal at in the interior Michigan, larmers hesitated long in making un their minds to let tlu crops go than they did last summ when they were offered 81.-3 lor tl sumo wheat. 11 is a good rule to si when you can get a price that w at ford a good living profit. Karniei at the present. time, would have he. richer by millions of dollars tin they are now hud they adopted tl rule last autumn. We know ol' great many who sold wheat tl summer lor one dollar a bushel lc than they refused for it last fall. T whole nation suffered greatly .by tl indisposition to sell when a go< prieo could be obtained. We mig have shipped all our surplus wheat England at a fair price, but by hoi ing on we lost the opportunity, ai finally sold at a price below the ec of*production. We should take t! lesson to beas t. On the other hand, when prices a low we should not. lie in <i Ittimw sell. Sound wheat is an article tli will keep, and il is an article that always required, and it is absolute certain that it can not long remain a price much beiow the cost of pi duction. We can not hold out hop to such farmers as grow only ton twelve bushels of wheat per aci that I hoy will obtain prices suflicie to compensate them ibr their lal?t The country must be in a very unsi ^factory condition when such is tl case; but we do lirmly believe th there is no reason 10 doubt t! farmer who raises good crops is r:i in calculating that sooner or later I will be able to obtain such a price 1 i.: :n 11 i... 1 in * w 111;ill; iir> n ui VJLUlUlU llllll LU 111 i :i lair profit. Then* is one fuel in this eonncclh which .should not ho overlooked. In cool, laic, wet season in England' tl wheat crop is always below the avt age. And they have had such a sc son this year. On the other hand, is very doubtful if the wheat crop the United States is as large as \v anticipated. We feel tolerably ci lain, therefore, that before anolh harvest, wheat will bring a price si ficienlly high to afford the whe: grower a good living profit. J .should be satisfied with this. I. should be in no hurry to take less. The question arises: What pri should wo obtain lor wheat, to alio: us :t fair profit? At the prose price of implements, machines, ai other necessary articles, not forgt tiny labor and taxes, we shall n obtain extravagant ]>roiits, il' we s< good, sound red or amber wheatsay in Michagnn?lbr 81.50 per busln A farmer who raises anything k than twenty bushels per aero w not get very rich, even if he oblai in our present currency. 81.75 lbr r wheat, and 82.00 for choice whi wheat. When we can get these li urns in ordinary seasons, it is n safe to hold on too long ; but whe immediately after harvest, the pri is much below these figures, tho who can afford to hold their whe run very little risk of loss in doing f ?American Agriculturist, A Golden Wedhinu.?And before dose 1 must say a word about a ben tifu! golden wedding, attended in o pretty suburban villiagcs last wee There is something almost holy in U dernoss and sweetness in the thoug of a couple united in youth' walUii together for fifty years through t bright noon of middle life, through t pleasant declining of later yea ?down to the sunset?and the slip ows of age. Time's hand has touch them together. Sido by side, throui the changeful years' they have rojo eb and sorrowed. By green pastun and clo.so beside the still waters, tin feet havo been led?down to bitt Marah, through weary lands, comfc ed and uphold bccauso together trui ing in God, they have walked ai known no fear. Fifty years together, liko tw barks upon a restless sea, throtj storms and calm sailing together,-no: ? .i <1.. f t . 1II? wgutiiur LIU) jJUUUUlUl poi'fc, t Hummer haven of God's fair land. When the voyago is onded, when spi odors and seaward drifting blooi shall proclaim "Land at last," this si the vcrgo of silver breaking seas, mi tho good ships sail into port togoth< anb cast another side by sido on ot< nity's qnict tido. The couplo whr golden wodding wo celebrated aro w known. Thoir homo is at prose with their son and daughter. Jivei thing that filial lovo can do to ma that homo pleasant is cheerfully i corded, ^ho day of tho annivorsa dawned?one of tho brightest days early fall. Tno cci^omony was hold just tho hour of tho day of tho wc that they were united fifty years a< ?Bcrvutif\il flowers in lavish grofqsi were scattered ovory where. " Snii and good chccr, and sun bright fac Dg fairer than flowors, thronged house ami grounds. It wan indeed a joyful occasion, without u shadow to cloud ot itH brightness. he i.^ From tlifi Journal of Agriculture. ^ Suvo tho Cora. I(( An annual income equal to tho value <>t' corn wasted and destroyed by ver! mill, in f-ingle counties, would make j(i I one rich in a very few yearn. The waste on single farms is KOinctimes ten per cent, of the entire crop, in this year of anticipated short crops of corn, it is worth while to try to stop the leaks. Jt is provoking to have the cattle i7. break into the Held and dostrnv tlw< rs krov,"'nrt cw?P, but doubly nolo sec tho j^j corn destroyed by tho rats after being lj(> boused in the crib. But this provocation may bo very easily and cheaph' 1^ avoided. In tho corn-growing regions \vc have noticed tbat a principal pari of on the crop is stored in temporary cribs rc or poles, and often without any covcring. These pens arc laid but a few inches from tiie ground, and afford a most excellent barber for rats, which iMj will eat, or contaminate and render 0j. unlit for use a very large part of the er corn. ,j,. We rccommend for a cheap, teinpoL>1. rary, rat-proof crib, first four round u. posts sot firmly in the ground, extend,|! ! ing about two feet above the surface, HI ! putting them at the corners of a ,s I square area, eight feet on each side. On each of these lay a sleeper, and on U1 ! these lay rails or poles, and build the ,jH j crib in the usual way ; but before stor.. I iii?' nnv ftorn citliop *i?? ?? elw.r.i li o ?/ w,v,,v' " ",,v ,js iron unci nail to the upper purl of the !SS posts, letting it extend about half way |l(, from the top to the ground, and en,js tirely round the post, and to he nailed on smoothly. This simple arrangc)lL nient will save a large amount of corn, L0 which for a year and more will ho ,1. money. ,,j For a permanent crih, or granary, we would adopt the same style of [1C foundation?making the posts a little higher, hut not so high as to otter a ,.c lemtation for tho storage of plows or tools. The space under the crib should be kept entirely clcar of evory kind of plunder, and even of weeds. iy . w c once built a rail* crib as above ;it uesenocu in misstate, ana our neigh o b?n*s ridiculed it as a Yankee contries vnnce\ but while bushels of corn, with or the cliit oaten out, wore found under e some of their cribs in tlio spring, no u[ rat or mouse ever found his way into )r our "Yankee contrivance." Another method of saving corn, or |10 of making a little go a great ways in feeding stock, especially hogs, is to |1C mix other feed with it. We recollect lf0 that forty years ago the farmers in [ie New Kngland raised hogs that weigh 01. ed from four to six hundrod pounds [?^ without feeding much corn to them. Hut little corn grow there, and thero jn wero.no rauroaus to import it, nor n were the Cheater Whites, or any other |,c of tho superior modern breeds then inu._ trodueed there; and yet we know that ,u_ the hogs taken to market from the it neighborhood in which we were acDf quainted were, on the average, a good as deal heavier than those brought to ,r_ any Western market for the last tihrty or years. tjL In fattening these hogs, peas wero Xl. often used to a considerable extent, [0 they were ground with oats and tho [0 meal scalded. .Sometimes pumpkins or potatoes were boiled and mashed, c.c and "provender" (oats and pea meal) mixed with them. nt J*y somesuch method as this, we bel(] lieve that farmers could fatten their *t- hogs with much less corn than is com ~ I ok *i??viuy intm. x wtatuuo ui u > \ ?umiii,j[ (hint and chtap, might bo profitable fed to hogs ; ouls are liot dear. 11* sv .] mixture of outs and corn were ground .ss iiiid led willi boiled potatoes, increasi21 "ig the propolion of corn towards the ns last, we believe the result would show L.(j that pork can be made with hall'the tc. corn general!y used?pork, too, that ,r_ will not shrink in the pot. Bran, also, ol |S a very good feed for hogs in warm .n weather; it promotes their growth, ee and at present is very cheap. Hc ]Jy the liberal use of brains in dcvising wa}'s anil means, and a little so# muscular effort in preparing tho feed, we believe that even if the corn should be as short as is now expected, it will be sufficient to fatten the usual amount j I <>f pork, and leave a surplus ample for ,u_ other purposes. In oilier words, if ne pi"?pcr economy is observed by every ,jc one in the use of corn, we'believe there .,,1 will bo no scarcity. ng United States Supreme Court be he The Supreme Court of tho Unitod its States began its first fall session Montd day, under the law of Congress. Tho ed Court consists of nino judges, but sinco r*h tho doath of Justio^ Wayno?tho vaie cancy still existing?the number has cs, been reduced to eight, a3 follows: jir Hon. Salmon P. Chase, ol'Ohio. ap,cr pointed on the 6th of Dccombor, 1864, >rt by President Lincoln, from the Fourth st- Circuit, composed as follows: Marynd land, WoBt Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Caaolina. in lion. Samuol Nolson, of New York, ?h appointed by President Tyler, on tho ?r- !Hh of January, 1845, from tho Second ho Circuit, composed of tho States of Now York, Vormont, aub Connecti cy cut. ma lion. Robort C. Grier, of Pennsyldo vania, appointed August 4th 1845' by ay President Polk, from tho Third Cir Br, cuit, composed of tho States of Ponm >r- sylvania, Now Joraey, and Delaware >90 lion. Nathan Clifford, of Maine ap ell pointed January 12th, 1858, by Prcsi snt dent Buchanan, from tho First Circuit, y- composed of tho States c#Maino, New kc Hampshire,Massachusetts, and Ithodo ac- Island. ry Hon. Noah II Swayno, of Ohio, apof pointed January 4th, 18(12,. by Presiat dent Lincoln, from the Sixth Circuit, ck composod of tho States of Ohio, Mich^o. igan, Kentucky, and Tanncspeo. on Hon. S. F. Miller, of Iowa, appointles ed by President Lincoln, July 10th, es, 1862; from, tho JSigth. Circuit, com, ! ' . 0 posed of tlio States of Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas. lion. David Lavis, of Illinois, appointed December 8th, 18G2, by President Lincoln, from the Seventh Circuit, composed of the States of Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Jlon. Steven J. Field, of California, appointed March 10th, 18(JU, by President Lincoln, from the Ninth Circuit, composed of the States of California, Ore/jan, and Nevada. The vacancy is the Fifth Circuit, composed of the States of Ceorgia, 'Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. There will be two annual sessions ol the Supreme Court hereafter, in Washington?one in the autumn, the other in the spring. AUGU1NG WITH WOMEN. The generality of women may perhaps he a little inferior to the .generality of men in conscious analysis ol the processes of thought; but it is not I liiu tvliif.i. : - v..iw m niv.li vv?uii;o |7 II11VJ11 Kli ly into play in the course of an ordinary social argument. Swell an argument generally consists, in tin; main, of the production by one oide of contrary instances against the universal propositions ha/.arded by the other side?a struggle in which ready wit and a serviceable memory for details are much more valuable than any power of analysing the laws of thought. .Nor is il satisfactory to say that men do not argue with women because women argue only for victory, and not for truth. Women are, in this respect, neither much better nor much worse than men. Very fewpeople, either men or women, argue with a pttro desire to elucidate the truth, and in a spirit of indifference to their ow.n personal success; because in the first place an argument is not a ^process whereby ignorant people can usually become better informed ; and even if it were, in the second place, almost all people are carried away in the heat of argument to forget everything but the personal sense of competition, and the desire of victory which that competition now excites. And it is by the light of this consideration that we see the true reason why men dcclino to argue with women. All argument is, in fact except in the tho case of a few singularly well-trained dispositions, a personal strife or combat. It is like a gamo of choss between two moderate players, in which the love of science is almost always swallowed up by the desire to win. It is in faeL, a duel. And any one who remember* that to all duelling it is essential thai the weapons and the laws of the combat be equal to both combatants, will see at once why men cannot argue with women. A man arguing with a woman is at a i'atal disadvantage. Neither the weapons nor the laws ol combat arc equal. He lights with a blunted sword, or a blunderbus; she with a double edged rapier, or an "arm of precision." lie must stand, but not deliver the fire of personalities, lie must not outstep certain bounds, whereas her range is unlimited. He is strictly forbidden to deliver certain cftectivo thrusts or "shocks," as sho calls them, ile must not "shock her delicacy"?a very favorite rcstrictioe with rather unbred women, and with American ladies. JLe must not shako her faith?a restriction under which most women require an argument upon any of tho most deeply interesting problems of the day to be conducted. And she is to bo the umpire or arbiter, whether he breaks any of these restrictions. Jn short, argument, even with an able woman, is a game tho law of which is "Heads, I you win ; tails, I lose"?a gamo at i which no sensible mnn tn uImv ? ? --v " 4^4 Modern Journalism. The New York Mail presents some notes of a conversation on editorial management with Mr. Frederick Hudson, who for years, and until quite recently, held the position of managing editor of the New York llorald. To Mr. lludHon is due tho lion's share of the credit for the extraordinary achievements and prestige of tho Her aid as a newspaper, and it is interesting to read tho professional theories of so eminent and successful a worker in the field of journalism : In considering the philosophy of journalism, Mr, Hudson said that he did not know of any general principal on which a good newspaper may ho made, ko miifdi clononils nnnn tlm material, viz: News, which the editor has at hand, and very different results under circumstances. He seemed to consider enterprise in obtaining news tho primo quality, and said that if ho was again in chargo of a leading . metropolitan paper ho would use the telegraph in all cases rather than resort to the mails, lie thought the New York dailies might retain their present supremacy by such measures, as they could always afford to givo the fuller and better reports of cvonta than any ono else, llo contrasted modern newspapers with thoso of thirty yoars ago, when tho Washington National Intelligoncer was tho stand ai'd of cxccllcnco, and said that the editors of thoso papors, with theii ponderous discussions of party politic? and Whito Houao intrigues, had nc mn/innfiAn nf Anw wiivv|/vivii v* win i/uwij v/l juiuiiui ism. Ho favored anonymous writ ings, as tho orodit of tho paper waf incroasod by ovory lucky hit of itf omployocs. . A ncwopapor should ho thorough ly systematized and divided into dc pautmonts. Tho tendency of tho tim< is towards speciality, though vcrsatil Sty is tho most dosirablo quality as t jonrnalist. Duo proportion should l>< given to tho rolativo value of news and no subject should bo allotted mon space than it descrvos. Tho mistak< must not be mado of giving longei notice to mattors than porsons intor estedin them can find tiraeulo read , Thus in tho case of labor reports, t modovat^ amount of ttibor room woulii ' . > ? 'iAtiu'tf " )((./'. i- ; ^ rri >- . "1 ? i\ f,v n^.i ,r. .. suffice, as workmen cannot afford timo A ta read column notices. In discussing tlio consistency which a newspaper should maintain, Mr. Hudson expressed tlio opinion that it mattered but little how inconsistent a c, paper was if it kept up with public t( opinion. Ho cited the cukc of the y change of sentiment regarding llio ar- a rest of Mason and Klidcll, of which the Herald had early information, and ^c, adapted its tone according, as an ininstance in point. He thought that a c' first-class journal should bo perfectly ^ impersonal and independent of all -s] advertising or other considerations, a and seemed pleased to hear that the a tendency of our leading journals was c strongly in thin direction. li Mr. 11 udson spoke with admiration ti of James <lordon liennett as a journ- h alist, and also of 0. A. Dana, 11. J. c, Raymond and Horace (Jroelcy. The t| latter, lie said, might bo a perfect Q journalist if he socliosc, and possessed a native genius for the profession. ^ MARRIAGE LAWS k o Just before the adjournment of the li rcccnt session of the Jlritish House of* li Commons?which was a very much \v overworked body, according to all ac- ]. , counts?a number of important sub- > jeets were ]iosj>oncd; among them a thatoftho marriage laws introduced o by Sir iioundcll Calmer. An intelli- ft gent writer to the Mew York Times S( makes the following notice of this t; matter: ' t The principal of religious equality, il , now practically recognized for the first time three centuries after the lie- g( formation, seems to require some sort ti i of equality, and, if possible, uniformity, g in the laws relating to marriage, j The laws, as they now exist, .Sir i Roundcll may well call extraordinary. n . Jn England people aro married by i, ? bans, or dispensed from them by a I license, in church marriages no reg- ft istrar is required to be present: among s< non-conformists his attendance is re- v i quisitc. The Quakers have a separate v law all to themselves. Jf the place b i where the marriage is celebrated has t( not been properly consecrated, the 1) , marriage is invalid. It can only be a performed within certain hours?nov- d or later than 11 A. M. In Scotland t , thero marriage by simple consent of d Luc parties; marriages according to ri three or four different laws, and ir- S regular marriages, which make people B, liable to a line; but the payment of h tho fine legalizes tho marringo, and ti this is n common mode of procedure, a, In Ireland there is one law for Pro- tl i testant churchmen, another for Pros- 0 , byterians, and no law at all for Cath- jj olics, except a law of pains and penalities in certain cases. If a Roman a Catholic priest should presume to col- c , ebrate a marriage between a Roman c Catholic and Protestant, or even bc' tween a Roman Catholic and a person , who had been a Protostant within a year of tho marriage, till comparative ly a recent tune, thut was a capital of1'enco of a very high order and the marriage is absolutely void. Of tho irregular Scottish marriages. Sir Ifoundell has the horror that might bo expeetcd in an English lawyer and , church man, and liis description of them is technical and droll. Ho Kays: Sl The system of irregular marriages e in Scotland is a very startling thing v to those whoso minds arc not thorough- si ly accustomed to it. It is contracted g in two different ways. Suppose an}' n gentleman in this houso visited a ti house in Scotland whore a young lady n happens to ho staying, and that he e ' and the young lady took a wallc to- n gethcr, and in the courso of the walk e lie took a piceo of paper out of his t rvAf.lrnf nn i m^ |/v/vituvt Wil it UlV/11 tllVJ tVlASIVs UUWII IV ^ inutuiil promise to marry; though the J piece of paper might bo simply put s back again into his pocket; though rnothing might bo said to anybody 1? about the writing: and though nobody *else might be there at the time, if the a persons afterwards lived in a certain p way together, that would be a valid p marriage, although nobody might n know of the fact of tho mairiagc for it years afterwards. No mere promise fi will constitute a marriage unless it be in writing, and xinXcs'* subsequent copula. ^ A promise so given and so followed ? constitutes a good marriago, however * long it may be kept sacred. There is anouier even moro extraordinary r mode, in which 110 writing at all is nc- ^ cessary; and thai is where tho prom- j"1 i.se is made no.t de fulitro, but depresenti " where tho woman sa3*s 'I take you, John, for my husband,' and where the & man says, 'I take you, Mary, for my b wife,' before witnesses. A promise of b that kind being brought up at any fu- a turo period, even although tho pooplo t< havo never lived together, will hold good, and will ba sufficient to overturn v - any perfectly honorable and rcputablo ^ ; marriage that cither of tho parties ? may havo subsequently onterod into: ^ and this actually occurred in tho celc> bratod Dalrymple case. ? ' v There is a "Carlyle and Emerson as- p 1 sociation" in London. Its object is hot [ altogether plain to uninitiated eyes, v, . but "every admirer of Carole, Emor , Bon, Mathow Arnold, etc., is earnestly on?agcth whatever his position, to co- * , operato on the movement." Tho as. sociation publish a magazine called j The Idealist. That this magazino i& in > want of subscribers is porhaps a sordid ? . reflection. ? 1 0 _ I D " 1 J English biblical critics aro debating j i whother the glass rofcrred to by Bt. Paul, through which his hcarors ^paw darkly', was "a sort of semi-translucent * * slag; or ono of our artificial crystals," J or n mirror; whotlior it was a glass to < ' bo looked through or only into. The 1 1 latter viow is favored by Archbishop i 3 Trench. ' . t j A traveler stoppod at an. inn in a 1 r neighboring village, and finding Iho ( - landlord and landlady fighting cried,} . odt: "Hallo who keopft tlris house.?" f i Xho \Jri.fo. replied ;j. /f^hat'e just what, J I wc arc trying to decide." - id ' ' '{ ;? ? t iuHt'i) s-> " ' [ ' ' ' * , / ' i'. \ ? <: . i l Useful Little Woman.?Secretary Seward's Lady Scribe. Washington Correspondence N. Y. Mnil. On looking over a copy of the ^rrc.snondence jnst issued, I -was jld tnat many of the dispatches lorein were "written by a lady." is the story is an interesting one, I ;nd it. A year ago last August, Ir. So ward went to Auburn to relive a visit at his home, from ihinoso Embassy. Two weeks were pent in entertaining the Celestials, nd the Secretary then took a fiuaL dieu ol' Mr. liurlingame and rctnrntl to Washington As a result of is absence, there was a big inouu? iii 11 of unanswered dispatehes on is desk awaiting attention, some of onsidcrable importance, for just at iiat point a revolution had broken ut in Venezuela and our Minister ceded instructions, liver sincc his ttempted assassination Mr. Seward ad used a phonographcr, being una1c to write himself for any length f time with his injured arm without itigue. Unhappily, two days after is return, his {Secretary fell sick rith typhoid fever. No one in the )cpartmcnt could write short-hand, [early all the phonographers were way on their vacations, lie thought I' sending to New York after n man, fv liis embarrassment was becoming jrious. lint the next day his Secreiry's wile, a young lady of about kvenly-threo years of age, camo to be department, said who had studied hort-liand a little, and offered her crviccs. Mr. Seward gladlyacccpted hern. On trial she proved to bo as ood as her husband. For six weeks, uring his sickness and convalcsecnee, he worked steadily at tho Dcpartlent at a time when there was moro > do than for months before, writing, s a clerk said, " cords of dismttoliM " rom her notes during tlic day, and omotimes taking the inoro hurried rorlc home in the evening. Moanrhile she got the meals for thrco oadcrs with her own liands and docBred her liusband and Bister entirely crsclf, leaving a negro nurso to look Iter them during her abscnce oaeh ay at tho Department. And'boaidos his she snatehed a fow minutes ovory ay to make two dresses and garments that she needed. Secretary cward was very proud of his littlo cribe. Ho took her home daily in is carriage, showed her every attenion at the Department,and remarked t tho end of lior six week's work hat he thought she knew moro about ur foreign relations than any woman 1 the country. This hidy, with conidcrable pluck, after having graduted at two medical collogcs in this ountry, has gono alono to Yienua to ompleto her studies. From the Tuscalvosa Observer, Sept. 24. Manufacture of Paper from Cotton Stalks. The value of tho cotton plant is ufliciently appreciated in all parts of lie world, and especially in our o\va action of it. It is destined, how-p ver, to rise still higher in public fa? or, for it is now ascertained that the talks, after the crop has all been athercd, aro available for paper laking. We owe this to the invonve powers and research of our townalan, Dr. J. B. Head, to whom a pat? nt lias just been issued for this new lanfacture. Okra paper, also patnted by this gentleman, is destined d an important place amorig[ American manufactures, but we pr&Jicif *^ till higher place for his last discovey. "\Ve examined last winter sarnies of Okra paper made at the Ihickasaboguc Mill, near Mobilq, nd concluded at once that Okrapaer was much too good for.ordinary rinting purposes. It was like paper lade from linen rags, and will find ,s proper place for book printing and ne stationery. Cotton stalk naiwr. wa -will t 1 ' I ? "" ave more the characteristics of pier made from comrndto cotton rags. Cotton and Okra belong to' the atne botanical ovder, and the stalks aving very silex in. their coniposiion, both will make soft and flexile paper. , ,-r Newspaperdom will find at last, In otton stalk paper, what has so long ecn desired, a supply of cheaper ana etter paper, as the raw material is lmost without limit, and has hithera been a waste product. In the name of the press, therefore, re hail the new invention. The pa er mills of the Middle and Norlhrn States must give imniedfat*)'Intention to securing Okra, which thtiy an grow within sight of their rrtilfs, f they hope to compete successfully with the South in tho manufiwltiffybf Ittie whole of the cottopL static, without tho necessity_'df Viy;usepirnti/in aP nnrfa ia ovnllotvl* ' wvtvta Wft. 10 MVailClUk^ XVI' >apcr making, and n<0 curing is iccessarv, save what it receives iu ho field. Neither are there re[uired any expensive procoea or hanges in machinery. If ia*evilent that rags cannot compete uccessivply with Waste field crops, ike ojkra of cotton stalks; neither ma Esparto broom any Chance fbr ucccsaful rivalry, on this. . bW& of ho. Atlantic, at least u.; ? ., j r This new. manufacture is, iu ppr >pmiou, (leatiuea to rauK ui irr>y^ratce and value, if property pushed'' 'orward, with tho sowing inftchino ind India-rubber-' patonts, A^bkh. *re known to bo worth at 'leas*' a million each. X)r. Read isdesifWts >f diepqsing Wf orft^haH" this iu'v^nti^fi^ t6 cS}^c?:f ^{) ,fir (I'uq tUA't; ntnto jn% ?'.! ! ;.'J 7 !i;wii:(.ao'j le.Vft (!T?rmi? ! "! \'i :,i '.'V tiJ-xf ) >(iUiA-ff ' ,.vi? v>Hsv>(I !<> *?* .: v 1 tf.d (JtimY. infa