THI
WM. H. TRIM!
? ??
YOL. XYTII.
Sbe daruUua Apiu'ttu.
trios, Iwo Doll a its poruunuin, in advance, or
$i.&J at the end of the year. It not puid until
after the yoar expires $3.00.
M* subscription taken for less than six months.
Money may be remitted through postmasters
<a.t sur risk.
Job work of all kinds prcniptly executed.
Ulauka, Law and Lquny, continually on hand,
kr printed to order.
Advertiseiueuts insert ' nt the usual rates
Tits Spartan ircub tes largely ever this and
^adjoining districts, and offers an admirable meMiutu
to our friends to customers.
Confederate Stales' Army Bill.
As our State troo|x> are being transferred
to the artsy of the Confederate
-States, we publish the uriuy bill passed
*by the Southern Congress, for their iuforhnation
:
;An act to raise Provisional Forces f?.r the
Conti'.derato States of America, and lor
oilier purposes
'SkO. 1. The C'liti/r'ss of 'hr Ctm fetter ate
Stat** of Am-rtca tfo nuirt, That to enable
the Government of the Confederate States
to maintain its jurisdiction over questions
of peace and war, and to provide for the
public defence, the Pre-idcnt be, and
he is hereby, authorised and directed to
assume control of all military operations
in every State having reference to or eon
nected with questions between said Slates,
or any ot theui, and powers foreign to
them.
SKC. 2. Ami be it further tuartnl, That
.Jnatic<\ and uimiiiiuiid ng the ra ?r ad
steading sourh ol that point, it would menace
?the city of .McmphU and ? mi tin- way for
an invading army to make that an advanced
po-t of occunati n It is not pleasant to
comtetnplate such a po.-sihility l?ut it is
good policy to lace it fairly, if we would defeat
it effectually. It is never sale to trust
to the hesitation, ignorance, or negligence
of (he enemy. Fortune is on the side of
the vigilant, 'i lie last Cause and the
bravest delenee cannot with impunity abuse
the favor of I'rovideiice. A wise generalship,
out of ahundent pi ml me, will always
assume fh t the enemy will make the most
of liis opportunities, ami that whatever advantage
it is possible lor him to accomplish
he will not tail to rcalihzc.
m? ?
iuiciRATlNO.? Wc understand, says the
Memphis Avalanche, of the 2(ith, that ilu ring
the last two weeks about two thousand
Northern citizens have left this city for a
more congenial clime. About three hundred
left yesterday on the (ilcnd.de. Mure
arc packing up their duds and preparing
to emigrate for the Black Kcpublicau (iov.
eminent, '\jurier.
.lie President in h< reby authorized to re
ccive itroin the several States lie arms
iuid munitions ol war which have been acquired
from the United Stutis, and which
are now in the forts, arsenals and navy
yards of the said States, and all other anus
and munitions which they niuy desire to
turn over and make chargeable to this Government.
sko. 3. Be it /'nrt '" r That the
President be auihoti eu to receive into the
service of this Govern mem swell forces
now in the service ol ?anl States as may
be tendered, or who may volunteer by consent
ol their Stat , in such numbers as he
may require, tor any time nut less than
.twelve months, unless sooner discharged.
Sko. 4. Atul be it f<trth>r # ?<?< /?</ i'll t
such forces may be received with their olh,cets
by companies, battalions or regiment-,
ami when so receivid shall form a part ol
the provisional army of the Confederate
States, according to the terms of their enlistment,
and th Pp'-idcirt shall appoint,
.and with t he advice and -oiis.-nt of Cou .tress,
sucli general . Mem 01 odiecrsfor said forces,
us may be necessary lor the Service.
.*- e. ">. .! / / hr if 'urthrr < net /, That
said iorcc?,whcti received into the ser\ .eeof
.this Go\ cnnicnt. shall have the suae pay
and allowances as uia, be provided by law
..for volunteers entering the service, or for
the army of tlie Confederate States, and
-hall be subject to the suuie rules and Gov .eminent
Cairo, Illinois.
Tl e MCIIIplus liuti'tm has the following
paragraph in relation to the state ol all.u .at
?'atro Illinois the place that the Lin
c ? 11 gow rniuetit has cbuscu Us a base ol
operations:
The peop'e of t'aim are leaving the
I lace i- tap I a- po-a l?.c tud od it is
Hi. . most of the oti.en and ehiiiiren have
.already e the .ty Ttiey do not sympathize
vvi li ineo-n and his army, but are
over i Wed b, I In- iuid .tary. fin re w. is .said
to be a' .m f"> i -oluiers ;ir Cairo when
the (>'i "j/ />"jlc oft, iii l ey were ? ? un?
,i .11 n ViT mi i he otli el's ot the
(t'm/ j. e - > 11 o f ?;t?al > aii lenient at
i'.i lot-ah ..i. account of (be mini ry >< -u|ialmil
ot t aii<> El.bt co.iip.ili >, > lilllhetiuo
about i G j ui i., an :U < a !) uiiiJer
ilrih. in I aw.nt.11^ arms, winch they
ha I s n. Col. J i.^h oaii to . t Gout* to purchase,
aii't which vv re i'Xfn cteil on yester day.
Th.-s ar auxin.t- to match to Cairn
jitil h iv?? a Ire a !y r.u-eiv ! unit on Imin
thir y-tw > co nit is in South I! no a to the
? ffect hat it die pcopl < i aducah will
iii ke a ii. li.Oinf fat mil U|ioii v airo, they
will co ojierate with tbeiu, and tear up the
railroad and tn*sle-wuik, >o a* to prevent
the minor gi"on ofnny inuie trooj? there.
1 he oliieers oj' the J>?him it/ observer a
-laroft jrun in position at Columbus, K v.,
and a Southern Huj; flying near by, Irotn
which they tuferie 1 that the people at that
point wore alive to tlicir duty and their
position."
IThc New Orleans Di lta, speaking of the
^possession of Cairo, says:
"Geography has made Cairo a strategi
Cal position ot the very utmost eotiseijue e.
Jt is the key to the upper, as New Orjeans
and the hake and I Jul ire are the key to
the lower Mississippi. It can blockade St.
Louis uuitb.' one Jiand and Louisville on
ithe.ofilcr ; while, if in the possession of a
ooiiudei'-ible loree |>U'?si."?m?:z liotvv or
S CA
HER.
| MKANt^GE
o?
PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS.
i
Gentlenirn of ike C'onijrcsx:
It is iiiv pleasing duty to announce to
y>.u that the Constitution trained for the
establish incut of u permanent government
tor tlue Confederate States has been ratiiied
by Conventions in each of tbone States to
which it was referred; To inaugurate the i
government in itH full proportions and
; upon its own substantial basis <if the pnpui
hir will, it only remains that elections '
should be lu-Jd lor the designation of the !
j officers to administer it.
There is ever* reason to believe thut at 1
no distant day Other St:i> s identified in '
political principles and community of in?r- '
cj's with iluso which you repre-ent, will ( .
join litis Confederacy , giv ig to its typical '
constellation iuereased splciidcr?to its 1
government of free, e<jual and sovereign ' '
States u .vider -phere ui use.illness, ami to j
the friends of Constitutional iibery a great '
ci security for its harmonious and pcrpetu i
al existence.
It was not, however, for the purpose of
making this announcement that 1 haw 1
deemed it my duty to couvo e you at an 1
earlier day than that fixed b* yourselves '
for your meeting. The declaration of war
iLiailc against this Confederacy by A bra- 1
liaui Uinculu, the l'rcsiduut of (be I Tilted '
Stales, in his IToclnui.it ion issued t.u the '
fifteenth day oJ the present uioiitli, render- !
ed it necessary in my judgment that you j
should Convene at llic earliest |*racticubic
moment, lo devise the measures necessary i
foi t e defence of the country
'J he occasion is indeed an extraordinary
one. It justifies me in a brief review of
the relations heretofore existing between
us and the States which now unite in wa fare
against, us, and iu a succiuct statement .
: of the events which have resulted iu tin- j
wariare; lo the et.d that mankind may ? '
pass intelligent and impartial judgment
on its motives ami objects.
! I>uring lli war waged against Croat lllit-i
aiu by her colonies on this continent, a '
common danger impelled them to a close j '
alliance, uinl to the for ration of a Con fedelation,
b> the terms of which the colouies.
styling tin mselvos States, entered " v t rally
into a linn Jeague of friendship with
each other for their common defence., the
security of their liheriius, and their mu ual
and general welfare, I'imling themselves '
j to assist eaeti other against all force otfored
to or attacks made upon tlietii or any of
them, on account of religion, sovereignty,
trade or any other preten e whatever."
In order to g.nd ng.iiusuny misc ii-truction
of their contr: t, t'e sev?rul Slates
uiadc explicit de laratiun, tu a di.-tiuc:,
article, that " each tSlaies retains its sovereignty,
freedom and independence, and
every power, jurisdiction and right which
is not by this Confederation exprnwy ?/?/? /ati
*/ to the I inted States iu Congress asj
sciubl .!."
J Under this contract of alliance, the war
of the Revolution was successfully wa_ed 1
u i resulted in the treaty of peace with
U.r ai Britain ITS.-], by the terms of which
the several States Ware, <<t< h Ly nanii, |
re Mgniscd to he independent.
The articles of confederation contained |
a clause whereby ail alterations were pro- J
hioited, unless eon finned by the Uegis- \
la tare uf en ry .S/ati , after being agreed to j
by tin' Congress, and in ubedi n e to tliis j
provig oiis undei the resolu ion of Con?
gr?>s ef the dJst K bruury, 17>>7 the several
Stales appointed delegates who aire ide
I a Con vi lit ion fortlie sole and express
till'|Hl Col PViMllo HI.: 1< rl lcl<-.? o: " JlliVticlatioi
, i.i<1 re ortni^ lo ("oii^ic s, uiiil the
several l.epis.a urcs such alterations ami
|>r<ivis uits 111<-1 -111 as sli.iil when a"reed lo
hi t'o i^rov*. 'in / </ fx i.i f !>y //;' S //?.?,
rendered the 1 < I - 1 ? on>ttttttion ale
iiualc to the t-X?.. lieu s id vrovenilllclit and
ti e esc atnni f he I nioti.
it a.ia t>\ tiie delegates chosen by the
nil St-i.'rs uti h-r the resolution ju-t
l|U'.;led, that t lie Const itUUoll Ol .lie I lilted
Slai? s ivjis trained in 1 7x7. an submitted
to the ?''// <// S for r .tificat ;oti, as
shean b\ the 71!i article, which is mi these
Words :
' the rati heat ion of the ('invention of'
unit Sf'itrs, sh ill be Mill iout for the establishment
ot this Constitution ijktwkkn
the States, so ratify in*; the same."
I have iltuliciscd Certain words in the
(juolal ions ju-t male, tor the | urpose ot
at11.n t!lie attention to singular and lit irked
caution with which the States ondeavorcd,
in every possible fortu, to exclude the idea
' that the generate and indepen lent sovereignty
ot each State was merged into one common
government an 1 n ition; and the earliest
desire they evinced to i in press on the
Cum litetion its true eaa aeter?that ol a
. i ?? i.i,,* ?u\4* jtv nuriii . * i?11 \?y.
The Constitution ??r 17>7 h.n in_* however,
omitted the clause already recited
I rum the articles id' Confederation. winch
provided, in explicit tortus, tli.it cuch State
reUtin>:<! its sovereignty mid independence
1 .some :?larui w.?s felt 111 the States when invited
to ratify tin; (-institution, lest this
omission should he cms .rued into abandon
HI4-IIt of their cherished principle, and they
refused to he satisfied until aincu luients
were added to the Constitution, p!arm_' l??)
yond any pretence of douht the reservation
by the Slates, ot all then sovciei^n lights
and powers -not xproslv d, i-;-. t -d to the
I'iiited States !>y the ( "U.^tiluiioj,
Stnnue indeed must it upper to the impartial
uh-i rver, but n is none the less true,
that all these earofuily Worded cl-iu es provi
ed unavailing to pi event the rise and jjrowth
, in the Nuithcrii States id political school
\\ iiic*(i iihs persistently claimed iiiur tlie :
(fovi riiniout thusfornicd WII* i???t a <? ?m]
1 tutW"-n .Mutes but Was in elfect a Nation .1 !
j Govern men', set up and over the i
States Aa organization, created by the i
Stat. t> to secure the blessings of liberty and |
iudej endcnce against for* ><jn agression has '
been gradually perverted into a machine j
for their control in their itohosfic iitf.oiH? <
the ? / / ? >'>/, has hi u exalt 1 .it >\i it i < / <i- i
BgMga?^
HO L
J noted to ?outheri
SPARTANBURG,
1ors; the principfai have Wn made subor- f ill
Jiiuitc to the at/ml appointed by them? tr
>e!rca. by
'l'lic people of the Southern States, whose e;
iltnostexclusivc occupatii n was agriculture, ol
jarly perceived a tendency in tlie Northern [ sli
States to render the comiiioii (lovernment In
subservient to their own purposes, by imposing
burthens on commerce us a protect tou til
Lo their manufacturing and shipping inter- ' ti
ssts. lA>?g and angry controversy grew j ol
jut of these attempts, often successful, to 1 el
benefit one section of the country at the pi
BxpciiH? of the otiter. And the danger of a<
lisriiption arising from this cause was en- ; w
lianeed by the laet that tlie Northern re
population was increased by immigration si,
tud other causes in ? greater ratio than d?
the populatioh of the South. l?y degiacs as ! as
he Northern States coined pn ponderauce by
in the National Congress, self interest ill
taught their people to yield ready assent to p.
liny plausible advocacy of their right as in
majority to govern the minority without it.
com roi: they ivarn to listen with impatience I
to the suggestion of any constitutional impediment
to the exercise of their will; and ui
so uttei y have the principles ol' the lion- tli
Citation been corrupted in ilie Ninth, m w
in n 1 that in the iliangtir.il ad iress d. liv- di
red by resident Lincoln in March ia-t. ' A
he asserts as an u\:,>in which he piainlv it
iecins to he uudciii ihle, that t e theory ol
Lbo (sjiistitutiiMi lis JO ires that in all eases 1 ii]
ihem ijority shall govern; ami in another j ei
memorable instance, file RtlUlC Chit i Mag bl
istrate did'not he-iluto to liken tin* relations e,
lietwcen a State and the I nitial States to m
those which exist between a country and 1 c;
the State in which it is situated and by
which it was created. This the lane n tl
table and fuiidaaieiit.il error uti which rests , o:
the policy that has culminate 1 in his dee ot
la: at ion id war against tiiese (.'uuii derat. i
Sates. ol
In addition to the long continued and <
necp coaled rofiotiiiueiit jeit l?y t!j? >uutli- at
con Stilted at the persistent abuse ??t" the h
p awcrs they had delegated to the ?,'onirres.s, la
for the purpose of enriching th.- matin} he- ! tl
luring and shipping classes of'h North , h
at the expense ui tin- South, there ! a- ? \- ! 1
iated for nearly half a century ano'.li- r.?uh t<
jeet ol discord, i:jv<.lvinjj Lutes-st.- vl -u.h ;
transc udw'/t sr?'ud . tus at all tune- >
create the apprehension in the minds u
many devoted lovers ol the I man. tlsat it.permanence
was impossible. I'
\\ lieu tbe several flutes delegated cer u
tain powers to tlie 1 uited State- l'oii.*iv?s. vv
i lar^e poitioii ol the laboring population u
consisted ol Aiiietn slaves imported into
the colonies by the mother country. In
twelve out of the thirteen Statis, m _ri o .
slavery existed, an 1 lite n^hr of prop.:';
m*s.av.> was .a t , . 1 law 1 lit ' }>: '
perty was recognized in tlie Constitution e
and provision was made a^ain-t its ! - le,
the escape of the slave The inci a i in ! t
the number ol slaves by further iinpoita S
tion front Africa was also secured y a a
clause forbidding l.'oii^ress t<. prohibit the p
slave trade anterior to a e-a tain <l.t<* ; an i 1 .
in no clause can there be found any d?le a
oation of potvor to the t' ui?;rc>s author:/
ino it in any uiatiuer to leu slate to the , li
prejudice, detriment oi <i -c "ita/mm nt ol <
ilie owners of tbat species of property, or a
excluding it lrom the jirutcct'uu of tin n
government.
The elnuate and > >,! (,f i!?,- Xort'ieru a
States soi-it pioved tiopi '. pit h.ii- to ll, e >u
tinuance ol slave lab. ;, whii.-t heeonv< r.-i i
was the case at the S ith. I lid -r the tin- e
restricted free inter ntrsi' leiw eii the two '
sect lime, l.ht Northern Slate- consulted a
their own interest le, sed.u^ their staves u
to the Smith. and | nihiiiug slavery Willi 1
1.1 tin r iiiuits. I he South were willin. j
purchasers ol a propcity suitable t > tiiei I
wants, and piii the price of the uequisi- i
lion v\ tin ut harboring a siis'i eiou that i
their quiet po-ses-ion was to bo di-turl e l i
by those who were inhihi ed. not milj l.\ i
want of eoustitutioual authority, hut by ?
good faith as vendors. Ir on disquieting a ' 1
title emanating fioiu tlietnselves. a
.\s - ion. Iiowt-vi r, a the Northern Sta: - o
that prohibited African slavery within j
their blahs had reached a liuuil.er silliic- n
ii lit to give their representatives a contr. 11- a
illvoice in lli?* i Jiigie >. :i | cr isteiil uiui lt
orguiii/.cd system ol li.stiie ineasuies v
against (lie lights ol the owners of slavi s v
in the Southern State.- was inaugurate.! and t
gradually extended A eoi tinuotis series '
ol UlcUsUlVS was divised and |il'o&' 'llted loi h
tlie purpose of rclidoi iug insecure tie* ten 1 a
tiro ol propel ty in slaves; fanatical org .ml
Zations, supplied with money by Voluntary
subscript ions, wo re as-iduoa>l, e n _ i _?-d ii . inciting
among tbe slaves a spirit ol d;.s ' e
content and revolt; means w> re furnish' 1
lor their ec.po tioin their owners an.
agents scored ly emphyed to entice tie m I
to abscond; the constitutional provision >
for their rendition to their owners w e liisi -><
evaded, thou openly deiiouneed us a viola I p
Hun of conscientious ohiigalioli and lelig 1
ions duty ; men were taught that it was a ' '
iiii-i i to elude, disobey and violently oppose u
the execution ol the laws unacted toseoure |
tli perlorm.iiKe ol the.promise contained O
in ilu; cou-tltut.oti.il coinpae.t ; owners ol'ej,
slaves were inobhed, and even lliuideied in ' u
open duy, aoluJy lor applying to a inagis ,
trate for the :tn?sl ol a fugitive *lavc ; the n
dogmas ul these vulntitarv org.ii.r/nli'in- ;|
soon obtained control ol tile legis.ali of a
many of lie- .Noitl.C.n States, atld l.iwwore
passed piovining I'm the puni-!in t.:
by ruinous lilies and long e 'Ut.iiud im ,
prisonuieiit hi Jaiis ami p. nil. ni .n .i ol ,,
CltiZ lis Ol Soltthclll .if S wllo sllu.h I d.lle ti
to a>k aid o| the officers ol the law lor lit <>
re overy of their property. ! n
Km oldened by -uuc< -s, the theatre ol I '
Agitation against the clearly expressed eon- n
-titutionaJ rights of tlie Southern States i-<
iv.is transferred to the Conon st; Senator:and
Representatives were sent to the com- ' >
inoii councils of the nation, whose el i 1 e
title to this liistiiictiou consisted in tin .i,- u[ilay
ol a spirit of ultra fanatic.mh, ami t<
iv hose business was, not to 'promote tie v
general wellarc or ensure >1 uuesfic trail- 1
juilljy/'biit to awaken the bitterest h rred ni
i:;niuat citizen* of sister States hy violent
0 m.
?? -
iINi
?Rights, politics, ^grirult
s. c., run Rsi)
nunciation of their institutions ; tlio
nnsuction uf public alhiirs was impeded
! rotated efforts to usurp powers not delated
l?y the Constitution, tor the purpose
impairing the security of property in
uv s, unU reducing 111 use States which
hi slaves to a condition of inferiority.
Finally a groat party was organized lor
ic purpose ol o! tabling the adininistiauii
of the government, with the avowed
jeet ol using its power for the total oxusimi
oi the slave Slates from all purtici
ition in the benefits of I he public doinn.ii,
(piired by all the States in common,
lu tlicr by cumpie-t or purchase; of surunditig
them entirely by States it. which
ivory should be prohibited ; of tints rending
the property in slaves so insecure
to lieooniparatively worthless, andtheref
annihilating in elb i t jropeity worth
initsaiids of million- of dollar--. Thiirty,
thus orgaimwd, succeeded in the
ontli of No-ciuber ia-t, in the election of
s candidate f?jr the 1'residency of the
nited States.
In tlr meantime, under the mild and
;aial eliinute ot the So-ithcru State-, and
io inc reasing c.irc a : ! ittcnti i ! ?r the
ell l eieg and comfort it th in or class,
etate l alike by inter st and iiotn niity, the
Iricati slaves had nag: a nted in mi.nhcr
oin about !>' .'.O'Jt.t, at ttie date oi lieloption
of the c oistitut ual compact. to
awards ol 4,00 in tuoral an I s.ial
condition they had he n elevated li. in
uital >avsig< - into be e. intelligent an 1
vib/.ed agr.eultuial la on - ami applied
it o:il\ with bodily comb its, but with
la.v'il religi us n -trtftion.
( ndei ttu* supervision ol i superior race,
leir labor had he n -o din . ted as not
liy to allow a gradual and n irked ameli
utioti of their own em lit; a, luit to eoiii.t
lutndi'e Is ot thou-aad- of - piar- inib
the wildviiii-s into cultivated la:
ivercd with , | -rous j?. ii! : town
jJ cites had sprung Hit > \i t. n<\\ ami
ail rapidly increased in wealth ami j j u
tion under the social syst in !'ili. S.e.rl ;
lu white population >1 the Southern slave*
biding States ha I augmented from about
,'J.) i,imi?? :;t then.: > J* t (' m.-titnt i> >n.
? in ire than N,.Y?iMMit.? in iMl.i; a i 1 tli ;
riiductioiis ol't! South in Cotton, Uice.
maraud Tyh;.> ? ;. lor the lull develop,
.iiit ami eniitiiiiiain-i' of which (In- lahin
I African slaves was, an I i-, itidispcusaIe,hadswul
en toati aiiioiint wh.ch loi lie !
early three fourths ol th exports of the
hole I nitr 1 Stati ale! had t>i e une >' - >itely
necessary to the wants ot' cr.i../..d
u II.
Willi iutereijts of such overwhelming
i i^tlittlde iinpel'i led, the people of tie
uihern States were driven, l>y the con.
a morth ?t . v j)Q mc
a ? of action tiav rt the danger with
. li tin y re op nly incline 1 \\ itli
is view. the 1. ..-lature- ol the several
tut .3 invited the people to -eh et Pe!oi'
s to Conventions to beheld forth* pur
i-e of doti rniiniii^ l< r tlietn.- Ives what
. a-uii-- v>" -t lap: 1 to in et
la in.i.^ ....... in li. n Li. t'>:y
llereii may b. pp. r i > c rv - that
I .ill a pel no i a- eai 1 . <S there ha J
xi-'e l <n .?// cf 11 St. - yi' the 1 iiion
party, aimi -t uninu r; upc l y in tin
lujonty, ha .-el up n tin.- creed that each
date V.,-. inuils la-! I - iit.tl. sole jw!,ur*
- well 1.1 its uruup-, as ol the mode ami
. Msi.ro ??i r. it -> In ! 1. it is ohvtoils,
hit under lie law I nut: >ns, this prin
iple i.s yiel ax: an s aj.. lied t ? the ivla
lulls of I ml | ir .: ?-? .lei l| S I'rs Sll> li
i tho-c wh'.eli had yt. f> 1 them-' dvc:
ill lei' the e< as'it et loll d e uij act. 1 lu
eiiii.er.itic j a!t\ i tin 1 uilc i States :
leated in its - a *i*i -.- fu I .* . 11*..-s in l Sd'j.tln
leelarati n innie in numerous prcvi.un
>. |;tieal contests, that it iv nil "laitllu!
y a! ido hy and nj li ?ld the principle:
aid down in tin- Ken in ky ami \ ir na
e-olutioiis of 17'.'v. an 1 the report > : Mr
d el i.-oil to t!:e \ ; i i it it l,f-;s ,.tme i:
T.'t'; and that .t idopt.s those principle:
s coii.stitiit'ii'4 niie l the main toui: lat> >:e
i lis political clei 1
1 he J'l.lU'i, > ihas emphatically ail
u .Cfil, einb .. li. ; to \i inch 1 Invi
lreiuly aJvcrto 1, (h? i _rl?t ol csicli Stuti
i> JU Ijje u! a . . ! the wrongs ol
finch it c >ui[ ... I i i-f i : :i?i ; pie:
fere maintain. 1 If. ??v? r\\ li ! i..i?in.j n
108 el tin- people of u!l the Slot* - "t tin
nion at dillerfiit *t: :i- el Mr. .lei
:>on in Mr. Mai. a in l^l'U
inl M r. I 'icree ia 1s ?J
III tile exertis ) a ri_lit so nill'ietil
j well ?>ta. i* 1. .. ci 1 - > it- ee>.?.irv lot
in pre. erviiiuoi, t .e . > ?] !? ni i lie l nie i
rate - ti:le> in then t on v? iit;..ii> il tcimiu
il tll.it tflC wrcilj 6 which ti e1. Vl re Diutl
ceil, reijuiiei| tliat t..i v shouil r? voke tin
elegiti hi ni |.ii er-? to tin; I eilci il hm
r..incut wliieii th? . 1. el ratili ?! ia tlnii
vela! ('en\i nt :< or The} consei|nntU
a-?id Hr.inane ie>.lining all their
lellt- i-. m\ elel. i a.i i ill le pel eh lit Mat.
ii I ili.?i l\e?l their conn etc n with tlie
tlier Slates il the I i. >n.
lluvinpi Io e tins, they proceed*"! t
>r:u a new conipaei amount tlicinsulves
) in w Articles I * on. deration, ol tin
hicli an applo.?cli to .inaninty tar cxe< di.
that ol the e..n . en: I'm wlileh adapted
ii new oijVeTnnu nt in all lis i!> partim it.-:
i f'aaeti ins ul the Kx< eutiv , laa isl.ittve,
ail .J udie a I .M : . i i a; < s are jn-i I o m d in
8- ordain with il . ill ot th ; i ! :il-o..i\
e l. not . I a . . . ii
III. M . nil . ! lit . li.i . I.I lite 12 I
I the ro\ - I inn nt t. tl - i -t .1 . in I hy
t. ..... ..O I ...
iv lit ^ ..III lit I'M lilt" III! .. ItllCl
i tin- tio\ii:iin nt of Il?o I inli I .Til i
llu- I I'nii.it. ?-.\ei\'is i <-I tin; l'j i.t ni
|m iijili In .Miil-?\ cI nili< iit, | - in till *11
i ami j'to-ij- r.!> wuuul in w tuile nil m i
ill*.].
1 hut |uaec i arj. ntly <1 hy thin
ovei tilin'iit an 1 j?j !? . 1i.i> Itn ii imt11111?
I in i.-v ry | I t hi S m-r h el \. ;i
isemlilcu in i in ti ny l i t. \\ ln-n. |n . trcveii
> the niaiuui.i i ti ol thm In. i tint
Int I eheii-il, yarn pas-.-il u t Miluttun
*prct??ive nl yutir <h-n< im* the ;i|)j."iu;i.
tlt lit COIIilJll In . - In '.i- -< lit t tin
oVerutmut nl the lilt (.1 S:?t. "iU: t!:o
1 - ... ? J- L 1
rll
u?, and ^[UsccUanij.
AY. MAY 0, 1861.
I mirnnsiul of nrwrofintitwr r.>lnlin?u !
i?i -?-v -v.?iv.v...o
between that Government mid the Confederate
States of America, and for the settlement
of all question of disagreement between
the two Government upon principles
of right, justice, equity and good fuith."
It was my pleaiairo as well as iny duty,
to co-operate with you in this work of
' peace. Indeed, in my address to you on
taking the oath of oilier, and before re'
ceiving from you the cuiniuunication of
this resolution, I had said, "as a necessity,
! not a choice, we have resorted to the rcnie'
dy o! sej cratiou, and henceiorth our cner1
gies must he dire t d to the conduct ot our (
own affair.- and the perpetuity of the Confederacy
which we have iormcd. II a
ju-t perception of mutual interest shall
I ertnit us peaceably to pursue our separate
political cur cor, my must earnest desire
will have been tilled.
It was mi 1 a: tiii-rance of this accordant
views of the Congress and the Kxecutive,
that I made choice ol three discreet, sible 1
mi l distinguish eiti/.eus, who repaired to
Washington. Aided !>y their cordial cooperation,
and that of the Sccn-tury ?f
State, every effort conipatible with self- :
j-e.-jM-et and the dignity of the l.'onfedeiacy
Wa.- er. haUstcd before i allowed myself to
yield to the conviction thai the government
ot the I oiled Stat? - wis determine 1 t>
attempt the coi.qu -t ol this people, an 1 '
that our ohct.-.hcl hopes of peace wet ,
unattainable.
t..n the uiiiv.il of our ( on.ml -.-it tic r in
Washing on. on the Oth .Maicli, ihey
j iot -od, -it the instigation ef a friend.y j
. interinediary, doing more than giving in
, foiuud in.toe ot their arrival. '1 Liu v?a>
. nnj with a view to Milord time to the
Prcfcideiit, who had just been inaugurated,
for the di-i-harge < I other pressing official
dtili- - iii tli o .iii/.ati 'ii of his \d minis
ti.it; la.-:-are engaging Ids attenti ui in
the object of their mission. It was not
until the l_-h ?.f the umnth that they ot
livi :! y ad ir< - i the S ercfory I ftatc.
in!"n iiiing him of the purpose ot tin ir arrival,
and st.,tiiig in the language- of their
in traction* tin ir wish '-to make to the
gov ratiient ol the I nitcd States overtures
for the opiniug of uegotiation<. assuring
the gove?nmout oi' tin I nilcd States, that
the President, t'oiigre-s and people of the
t ' in 1<- ii r .le states earnestly di strc u pcaci
lul soluti ii of these gieat questions;
tli it it !> initio a- tin ir interest in.r their
wish to make any dt-ni tini w hich is not
I' -and d on strictest justice, n<?r do any act
to injure then* late colli derates."
To this eommuni'-utioii no formal reply
was reeeivcti until the sth April During
the ilit r\. I the Cointiii si .net's had eon
sauted to waive a.l question* ot' lorui.
?.! .1. i..i.t . Ire i ov ! w. .- If
sible, I hoy went so far, even, as to hold,
during that long period, unofficial inter
e. u-e, through mi intermediary, \vlhs<
; high positi .n ..u i character inspired the
lt-'pe ot oiict-ss, and through whom e-un
s*ant a sirauee.s were received from the
i ti i\ ornii.t ut of tl I nil. d States of peaceful
intentions ; of tin- <!-termination to
evaeu.it Port Sumter; an 1 furtln r, that
Ii - it > in Usui-' eh;:: ging tl e existing statu*
i prejed. -i.diy to the < oub b rat State.-, especially
at Port 1 i. kens, was in coiitem
plat urn, but thi t iu tin-event of any change
of intent lull ' tl tile -l.bjicl, intlee Would
i be given to the Coiiimissi.'tiers. 1 incrooked
j at lis ol diplomacy can scare- i\
t Ul l. i -ll an i Xamide o u nit:II - in < mrt. i
I iutuiriices in oanilor, ant) directness 811
i w tlu* < ur.se ?-t tin* \ niuil States fJnv.
ernr.i ut t.waid- oar ('mum: .-lot it s t
!i:nr : 1 \>. ji. ..d'm t!iis 1 refer t"
the aiiitt \< 1 documents, tuaikcd?, tab -u
in i tun :! ti w .tli further facta which !
ii >vv | . i 1 r? lute:
llaily in \| in tl. - attention <>f the whole
> Colint r\, as v. -.1 as lii.it < I' our Commis ;otii
. Was nitric! il to extra.id.Hary prepai..t'.'in>
; i an i\Un.-.ve military an J naval
i i xj ..lion in N< w \ oik ami Notlicrn poi:1
la -e prcj nations Commenced in secrecy,
. tor ail iXiicJition who.-e .1 stination \vaconccali
1, only heeatiie kimwn wltcii nearly
coai|>h led, anil on the .<ih, t>iii and <lti
April, transports and vessels of war, with
Irjops, in mi it ii >ti ~ and military supplies,
! : a u 1; nc Northern ports bound Smith.
wards. Alaruicd l?y so extraordinary a
di in >n>tratioii, tin: (Vuiinis-iorn rs rc?ju -t
I i!. dchvciy of an answer to their oitici.I
e .iiinn11ic .ti>>ii ot the l-tii March, and
tli icuj >ii riCi.Vid. on the Nth A; ril, a
i j y dat d mi the lioth ol the jocvioUs
I n. nth, lioni who'll it appears tli.it, duiiii^
- the wluie interval, whn?t the Commissiou
i rs wi rc rei riving as>ura..ce- calculated to
- inspire b >j?e ol't in: suee. s- of t heir mission,
tin Seori't iry ol Stale and tl.e I res. imit
of tin- I lilted States had determined to
bold no intercourse with llieiu whatever:
to r< lose even to listen to any proposals
tin \ ha l to make, ami had profited by the
, de ay created by their own assurances, in
, oi h r to prepare secretly the means lor effective
hostile operations.
That these a.--uranees were ;Jvcn, lias
i bcuii virtually eonfessed by the t.jovcni,
Un lit ut the f jilted States by it.-. scndim.'a
ino.-i 11_? i to ( h.ulcaton, Jo notice it
its | ill I |' '.it, to Uric lot'CC. ll opposed III It-*
intention oi supplying Kurt J-uiutcr. No
la > c .striking | i ol i l the .1' *enee otuood
I.uiii in tin' conduct ol the < iovui lucent ol
ti c I niti I .Mate* tmv.iriiii the l onu.Icuicv
-in In- leijiiiied than i* contained in the
cii uii;*tn e - v. I... h ace nipnoud t! .0
\e, dill,. t.i 'lie U*U..I Cull
n.ivir . n, the vo-M-l.s 1 > inj 1. i..tht cxI'
itioii di *1^11 lor the iyIioI ol t int Sutn
I r, In' ?-\| ccti''I to reach t hnrieston
liar ' >i* on the i' li i t' April ; vet with our
t oiiimi*.*iuiier.s actually in Wuahiu^tou.
detained under u.smiiuiicc.s that notice
diouhi W^ivi n ol an> military movement,
1 the notice was not addressed to tin m, hut a
nies 1^1 r win sent to L harh ston *0 ?;i\e
the liotio to the tlaverii !' ot South Carolina,
and the notice was . 0 i;i\en at a late
II itii on the Sth At id, the eve 01 the very
day on w hich the fleet mi. lit be expected
to an .vo.
Tl o it... .... CI'..
a * imt lUt.UU lil li. | U<Jm?SO
w.t nut :.:;;it ul those who connived it.
u.
a in
#S2
A heavy tempest delayed the arrival u! tho
expedition, ami ^uvu Late tu tin: eomuiauder
of our forces ut (hurfuston to ash and
rtcoivt the in-true!iot.s ol thin government,
liven then, under utl tbc provocation incident
to the contemptuous refusal to listen
to our Comiuii'Moncro, and the toituoua
c< ui>e of the Government of the I mtcd
States, 1 was sincerely anxious to avoid t lie
< fltieiou of blood, aial directed a proposal to
be u.udo to tlie cotninander of Fort Sumter,
who had avowed himself to Lu marly out
of provisions, that we would abstain from
directing our fi.e on Fort Sumter if he
would promise Dot to open fire on our force*
unless first attacked. 'l itis proposal was
refused, and the conclusion was reached
that the design ,ol the I nited States was to
place the besieging force at Charleston, between
the simultaneous lire of the fleet and
tl.o foil. 'Ihere remained, therefore, iiui
alternative out to direct that the fort should
at once be reduced.
This order was executed by Gen. Beaur<g
.rd with the sl.i l aiidsuccun which were
natural'y to be expect d from the character
of that gallant officer; ami, although the
bombardment lasted but thirty-three hoars,
our flag did not waive over its battered
walls until utter the aimal of the hostile
He t o t 1 barlcston. Fortunately uot a life ;
va lost on our side, ami we were gratified
in being .-pared the neccs. ity of a useless
effjTou of blood bv the pru'cut caution
ol ;h- officers who comniauded the flo.t, in
ab-ta ning from the evidi ntly futile off' r:
to enter the harbor for the relief of Major
\n Icrsoti. I refer to the report of the!
S-erctary of \Var at d the papers which 1
a'company it lor further details of this'
I brilliant affair.
i In this connection I cannot refrain troui !
a well-deserved tribute to the ruble tftatc,'
; the eminent soldierly qualities ?f whose'
pe pie w. ie so cnnspicuou Jy displaced in
the ju:t of Charleston, l or months they I
had Lcen iiritated l>y the .-pecta/de of a
futre.-s held v.itutn their principal harbor,
as a staid.ng loenaee against their peace
and in lepptidvucc. Built in part with
their own money, i's cu-tody confided witli
flll'il* tiivn Ibliunnf t rx .. 1- 1 1 -
, v.i ugt.ui ? ml 11CIU UO
! power over them other than such as they
j ii.ij then.selves delegated for their owe
' hem fit. intended to ho u.-ed bv that agent
for their own protection against foreign atI
tuck, they saw it held with persistent ten
u -ity aa a means of offence against them
i>\ 131 very (iovernment which they had
est a li>hed for their protection
They had beleaguered it for months?
?\ It entire confidenee in th? ir power to capture
it?yet yielded to the requirements of
di-eipline, embed their impatience, submitted
without coniplaint t the uuuccus'
. .11. d h.t>ds'.tip>, luoOi> ui.u | ri rations of
1 i protracted siege; and when at length
1 tlifir paticnct* was rewarded by the bigjual
f r attack, uiid success hud croW'Ued their
steely and gallant conduct?even in die
very moment of triumph?they evinced a
chivalrous regard for the feelings of tile
bra\c but uofoitniiate . iliecr who had been
tuiinpi lied to lower bis flag. All tnanifes'
i.iti 111s of exultation were cheeked iu his
I nri'^etice.
'1 heir commanding general, with their
eordi il approval and tin consent ol hisgov1
ernuit nth refrained from imposing any
t r i.s that would w.cunt the sensibilities of
the eoiiiniatnler of the f'uijfc. lie wns pcrnutted
t>> retire w.;!. the honors of war ?
to salute h:> 11 Ig. to depart freely with ail
his command, an 1 v. csc oled t.. the vessel
ill whi.h he cmbarki I, with the highjest
i.i rk of respect from those against
wli m I. - goes had been so recently directed.
Net nl\ doe - evi rv ev? nt couueetid
? itl, it... - n ?t -*' ? 1
.7.V _> n inn UIU lll_llli>l IlOilOI Oil
South t'umhtia, but the forbearance of l:cr
people, of this ( uvcniu.eiit, from inat
kit :g any harsh use of a victory obtained
under circuuistanoi - of sych peculiar provocation,
to tire lullest extent the absence
of any purpose beyond securing their
own trainjuility. and the sincere desire to
avoid the calamities of war.
Scare !y h.. it he I *r. sident of Use United
States V . '.v_u hiiel-'i^.an.e of the failure
of th" scheme which lie had devised - for
the u int .ic um i:t of hurt Sumter, when
he issued ti e declaration of war against
(li s "otifederaey which 1ms prompted tuc
to convoke you. !u this extraordinary
product'.on, that high functionary ;.fT cts
iot.d igitonce of the existence of an iiulojM'tcl
uec iovei lino lit, w hich, possessing
the entire and eiithusiiutic devotiun of its
people, t- exercising it- functions without
j i stioti over m veil sovi reign States?over
more than five millions of' people?and
ovor territory whuv lyi'-a exceeds halt a
million of square miles, lie term sover
eign S afes " cotnbii. itioiis. too powerful
to he supprised by the ordinary course of
judicial pr Cfccdings, or by the power.. vested
in the marshals by law."
IJe ?.dls for an army of vooty-fiie
' thousand men to act a p*j.< c comitntn* in
I aid of the process of the courts of justice
in States were no couits exist whose mandates
and decrees are not cheerfully obeyed
and respected by a willing people. lie
avow.* ili.it " the Jirat m-rvico to be assigned
to the threes culled out," will be, not
to execute the pmces* .of courts, but to
capture forts and strongholds situated witliiu
the admitted limits nl ,tb;s (.'oufederacy,
au 1 garnsoiid by troups ; and dot lares
the this ellori is intended " to maintain
e pcrjitu.ty ot' popular government.,
lie ceiiciiale.i by commanding "the per
sous composing the combinations aforesaid."
to wit: the five millions ot inhabitants ot
illoic States, "to retire j eaeeably to their
respective alrsh s within twenty days."
Ajpaicntiy contradictory as ore the
terms ol' this singular docutueiit, one ponit
M.i.* untniMuknuiy eviuont. i tie rromieut
of the I'liilcd States called for mi army of
seventy-live thousand men, w!,*.c!ir>t nrvice
\v.i> to lie to capture ui?r forts, it was
a plain declaration ot war, which I was
not at iibci ;y to diwie^ard, because of ??y
knowledge that under the Constitution ol
j ike rinteJ States, the I'r.std nt was u>urp,
ino a power granted exclusively to the Congr.:?.
lie ilu >oh organ of cotuniuni
, * '. -A
. A.N.
\ PER ANTVtJM.
rrz. j^ggu,' ;rrr; :^. .r,-rr -gra=. ?X
o o.
f T~ j ii Ti
cation between that count,-j and fori 4
j-owcre. The luw of nation* did not ]*; iuit
me to (juestiou the authority of the K ecur
tive ot a foreign nation to declare war
:t liinsf t It i* ( jinftulnf.iAM A hi..... L
_( - .. ? vmnovimj. I? ii "iuu^, ii I
might have refrained from taking active
measures for our defence, if the States oi
the lit ioo had all imitated the action oi
Virgi 'ia, North Cuiolina, Arkansas, Ken.
tucky, TeTenucssee, and Missouri, by dt?
nouueiug the call lor troops as an unconstitutional
unsurpation of po*cr to which
they refused to respond, 1 was not at lib r
ty to disregard the fact that uiauy of the
States scented quite coutcntto suLuiit to
the exercise of the pojrer ub.-uuicd by the
1'resident of the l uited States, and vets
actively engaged in levy.ng troo s to l.?
used lor the purpose indicated in tin* prov
luttintiitfl.
1'eprivcd of tlu; aid of Cungretw at th?
r moment, I was under the nci'^il) of cuu
lining uiy action ton call on th* States foj
voluntce/s for the common defence, iu aer
cordaiice with the authority you had coii.lided
to me before yeuy adjovrn#uuif. I
dec wed it proper further to issue proclamation
inviting application from [lersons disponed
to aid nilr il? 1
t mi |fiM4iic iiiiirg
vessels en tlie seas totlic cud tlint pi cpt rations
might bo made fur the iiuuiodiitc bo
, sue of letters of tuarijuc and reprisal, which
you alone, under the Cotis itutiou, hu\e
power to grant. I entertain no doubt y?y
will concur with me in the opinion that iy
| tin absence of a fleet of public vessels, it
| will be eminently expedient to sup; lr their
j place I y private artued voxels, so happily
i styled hy the publicists of the L'uitcd States
' the militia of the sea," and so often and
justly relied on by them ufl uu efficient :unj
admit*b!e instrument of defensive warfare.
I earnestly reiuiucnd the immediate passage
of law authoiizing me to accept the uuinei
ous proposals already received.
1 cannot close this review of the acts of
the Government ol the f ultsd States with*
out referring to a proclamation issued by
their President under date of the 19th iiir
Mailt, in which, offer declaring that an insurrection
has broken out in this fonfetb
eracy against the Government of the f nir
ted States, he announces a blockade of aU
the porta of these States, and threatens ty
punish as pirates all persons who shall tins
lest any vessel o. the United Slates vudcr
L-ttcrs'of iuar<juo issued by this Governuieiit.
Nothwitl s anding tnc .avt-hci?t?ieity
of this proclamation you viU .concur witli
me that it is barf to bcliave it could have
emanated fro^t a President of the Unite#
States. lis announcement of a mere paper
bluctade is so manifestly a violation of
the Law of nations, tint it v..ou)d seem in
i:ii? .1. ? n - > ?
( uji;i it cuuiu na-e Im -a tMtui-d ly
autivt.Wy?but conceding tins to be the
cumc so far as tlie Executive is concerned,
it will be dilficult to satisfy the people of
these States that their late confederates
will sanction its dcelarat'ons, will deteituine
to ignore tho usagis of civilized nations,
ami .will inaugurate a war of extermination
wu both x'ules, by treating; . > .
rates, open enemies acting under lb an
thorify of commissions issued by an organised
Go.vexnv.wut. If such proclaruatiou
was is. ued, it could only have bci i?
published under the sudden influence <?t
passn-n, and we may rest assured mankind
will be spared the horrors ol the conflict k
seems to in\itc.
For the detail of the administration of
the departments, 1 refer to the reports of
the fc'ecr.rtaries which accompany this
Message.
The State Department has furnished th?
ncce.v.iry ins'ructions lb* thiee eointum-i
jners who have been sent to England,
France, Russia and Belgium, since your
adjournment, to ask our recognition as a
member of the laurily of nations, and to
I tnake with each of those powers treaties of
amity and commerce. Further steps will
be takon to enter into like negotiations
v. ith the other European powers in pursuance
of your resolutions passed at the last
session. Sufficient time Jias nut yet cln]>&edjiince
the departure of these Comiuia-donors
for the receipt of intelligence fiom
them. As I deem it desirable that cummin
sioucrs or utdror diplomatic agents should
:?!.- j be sent at an early period to the indepemb
nt American powers South of our
Confederacy, with all of whom it is our
interest and earnest wish to maiutuiu tho
most cordial and friendly relations, I suggest
the expediency of making the ncces(
s?ry appropriation for that purpose.
I 11;i\ ing neon ome tally notified by lh?
public authoi;tiu.: of the State X'ir^iniji
that she had withdrawn frotfl tb? I nion,
a>id desired to ivaiutaia the uloscst political
relations with us which it was possible at
this t,U:ic .to establish, I commissioned the
Lion. Alexander H. Stephens, \ icc-PtesLi
dent of the Confederate States., to represent
.this Covta'.ivmCNt at Hichunuid. 1 am
happy to inform you that he ha* concluded
i eouvQtition with the State id Virginia, by
which that h . .cJ et'inutunwealth, so long
and jn-t y de-.inguisbod among her sister
States, and so doa.' to the hearts of tliou.1
.studs of her children in the Confederate
States, has united her power and her fortunes
with ouis, and becoming one of u*.
This Convention, together with .ordinance
of Virginia, adopteding the Provisional
Constitution of the Confederacy, will
he laid Kfore you for your cumttitutional
; action. 1 have satisfactory ..insurances
from other o? cer lute confederates that
tllCV :.rn on flit> t.nii.? ?
v ( v...i V. MlUliar
tncasu-cft, and 1 cannot doubt that ere yoy
shall have been tunny weeks is aessicu, the
whole of the sluvcho'ding States i>f,:Jic la^v.
Union, will respond to the call of lienor
and affection, and by uniting their fortune*
with ours, promote our commou intercuts
and secure our common sail ty.
In the Treasury I>cpartm< nt regul^i n.s
have been devised and put into execution
tor carrying out the policy indicated tg
your legislation on the subject of4he navigation
of tiic Mississippi river, as Wall as
tor the collection of revenue on the fruitier.
free tiansi'. has been secured tor
vessels and merchandise passing throujjti
the Confederate States, and d lay and uv