?tcat18&trimmer. Ptwt# >? ftwtfrtro Hijljts. politics a8ricuUu?. oni ftXUcelUra(. ItePEEijnrott vol. xiii. spartanburg, s. c., thursday, june |s~?f> '". ' - no. 15... < THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. ' w. B\r OAVIS & TRIMMIER. j i>? T 0. P. VERNON, Assooiate Editor. ir; _ _ , ! an Priao Two Dollarh per annum in ndvuneo, or $2.50 nt tho eml ??f the year. If not paid until . after tho year expires $3.00. j ~.v Payment will bo considered in advnuoe if made cil within three months. ill JNTo subscription taken for less than six months. f Money may bo remitted through post muster* ?t aur riak. \ ' ^ Advertisements inserted at tho usual rates, and : cn contracts made on reasonable terms. j or Tho srxrtan circulates largely over tins and i pj( adjoining districts, and oilers an admirable medium ., tt our friends to reach customers. Job work of all kinds promptly executed. Clt Blanks, Law and' Equity, continually on hand ret or printed to order. . no From the S!' ty imposed on me by those whom 1 esteem ^ as iny friends, and 1 have always had to encounter my full share of denunciation. On this occasion, while 1 shall net avoid | the one, I sliaii defy tiie other. , S" If I am correctly informed, the sole ob- ' ' jectof this Convention is to send Delegates i to represent the people of this Suite in the [ Cincinnati Convention, which meets to nominate, fur tho Democratic. party, cm- j e' -didales for President and Vice President ^,11 of the United Slates. Tho objections to this are?first, that it has not heon tlie usual custom of South Carolina to do so; ; M" and second, that it leads us into a corrupt "trugglo and contest for tho otDces of the s?' Federal (bivornincnt. I'iist, as to custom. : J trust you v !I hear with nie while 1 l?>..h 1 back briefly into this matter. As the i-stuhas been made in South Carolina, it is "" important that we should understand the ; w.( history- of it, or at least some iioints bvai- :.1'' " te: mat upon U. In that clause of ihe Constitution which ev creates an electoral college, it was or ih pledged in advance to one candidate or en another. The clause in the Constitution, e?as it original.y stood, only provided that di they should vote for two nanu s, without in designating who was to be Pro-idem and pi who Vice President, but lho highest should J; be President. In 1800, the e< ntcst h< lw , . n d? ihe Fedoral and Republican jtaiiy was bit ci ier and excited. Jellvisoii and Dnir weic i < run by tho latter, and it foil into the House a: ?they both having an cipial nuuihci of c< votes. Purr was voted for us President, hi but only intended by tho lb-publicans in lb llJG electoral college to be \ ice i'resident; a and yet the Federalists, taking :??I van t ji ^a of the technical flaw in the (' n-tiuiti !>, it which prohibited theiu fioni ?1<- ignatng al who was for President, and who lor \':o; ?? President, actually rallied on l?uir foi tli President in order to tie feat Mr. Jefferson, w who was the most odious of all men t > n. xheni. The balloting continued by Stales i in tho House for a length of time, until the hi .Government approached well near to a -> bitter rupture; ?o much so, that JclTor.son b( iiituself said, if continued, Virginia would |w nrm. lly a member or two I'tom .South g' Carolina, who were voting lor Uut r, :?t last r. declining to vote at all, the election was a made in favor of Jeiler&on, amid intense c< .excitement, and great danger to tho per- tl manenco of tho Government itself. The P .feeling of danger was so wide-spread, that ?'t the Constitution w as immediately amended, I' bo as to Take it the duly of the electoral ih ,C'olloge to designate on their ballots whom in thcv intended as President and as Vice m president. 1 lie country also saw the great pi .danger of corruption and a rupture of tho ? ? flioverninent, by tlio election falling into n? ;tho House of Representatives; and to j>>o i ?" .vent its recurrence, aiul looking with ab 1>* ltorrcuco upon the disgraceful attempt in ai the Federal party to force Mnrr upon the ti< .country, the Republican party resorted to some mode by which it was to be prevent- ht cd in futuro. llonee tlio Congressional to caucuses of tlio Republican party to con br Centra to, by nomination, the whole strength It of the party, and to prevent division, by di which the electoral college might fail to cl elect, and throw it again into tho House of 18 Representatives. So at the end of Mr. Juf "l /Orson's second term, Madison was nomina- '' i. J If ? - - ico o?er eiouroe; nrwi so ni mo end ot Madison's second (eim, Monroe was muniTinted orer Crawford, and others. Then during Mr. Monroe's administration, after the \mr, the Federalists, with the odium of opposing the war, and tlio odium of their intrigues under Bnfr, became utterly pow- b< erless. Mr. J. tj- Adams, the son of the Wl grenl leader of that pailv, had betrayed I" tliem nnd made a merit of disclosing their '' secrets to Mr. Jefferson, and lio had accept- I" ed office under him and Mr,-Madison. I(u now was made Secretary of Stnto under P1 Mr. Monroe, which consummated his ret .. . ma. Under his intrigues wo fully, for i triV o first time, realized what Mr. Jefferson issi id declared?that we were all Federalists upt all Republicans. Mr.Monroe's ndmiuis- ed; ition was consolidating in its tendency, Go d seemed to ho imbued with the great bra axhn of Hamilton, which was to make up frie r construction what was wanting in spo- gre ic grants of power. What was called j ma o Republican party became divided be- ! iuli eon Mr. Crawford, Mr. Adams, Mr. Clay, ' tak r. Calhoun and Gen. Jackson. The Fed- i frie idlsts, as a party, not putting forth any of n did ate, there was no plausible pretext ruj neeossitv for a. congressional caucus, ns nat lior if elected would still be Republican, wit it, notwithstanding this, towards the the we of Mr. Monroe's letm, Mr. Crawford hat cojvcd the nomination of a Congressional wit uens, and of course all the others do- i>n unced it. The election took place, and his course it fell into the House of Kepro- mo ntatives in 1824 ? Mr. Adams, Mr. Craw- ? vo d and Gen. Jackson, being the three rev ghost?Gen. Jackson receiving a large ma urality. According to the genius and ?pr iritofour institutions, following the pop- llio ir will lie ought to have been elected, lea] t by combination ho was defeated. 1 here a I is nn adjourned ease of veracity between i r. Clay and Mr. Adams, and u<>twith- jj nding this and tlieir pievious derided ^ j lerenee on many points, yet he voted for 'j.j d, l?y his inllueneo in the House, elected , j . Adams, and immediately accepted the ief oiliee under him, declaim;; that it had en usual to elect the Secretary of State '; r lief Magistrate, and that he thought it a e precedent. It produced a burst of in'nation and a universal civ of baigain, , . , ? \ liii' Lriguo and corruption. I lie danger ol e election falling into the House ol Uepil'lll .-It'll ?>. .-Hill ils it K-.-lll fill -It'.I t ,1 it1 I r.. I eets upon all the fountains of power "l ue deeply felt by all classes. The scenes ' at then oeeuiled and the danger to the 'public were painted in glowing colors | one of our most beloved and distiu* isiicii statesmen?a statesman, the piuity whoso motives in public, were only j " ' nailed by the transcendaut an 1 gorgeous . ists of passionate eloquence. 1 can utean t| other than Georges Mcldufiie, for in fiery | ^' xjueuce he stands without a rival in nth Carolina, lie was a member of ingress at the time, and in depicting the ( j. tigers, exclaimed, if this election is to fall ^ to the I lows.' of Representative", and to repented, "you corrupt liberty in this the . it of her vitality." And in this Mr. j' ' dhoiin concurred, for although elected ice 1'resident hv the college, having heeii , t h o ted for by both the fiictids of Adams d Jatkson, yet h? threw tlie whole j1 right of his intlu nee in favor of Jackson ; .crwards, upon the open gr.uu ds of tie* iting a piecedcnt fatal to liberty aild the 'j' isfeneo of iho Government if repeated. , t. It was his friends ? McDutfic, llaync, u.n ainilton and others?who fought the hat- of i in favor of (Jen. Jackson on these ??n ouiids, and in ltS'28 carried the election |lai ' acclamation, and Mr. Calhoun was q,| if vie I again \ ice 1'resident on Jackson's M: kv-t. No State 'ii this Union took in org hi i io i-if 1.0:1 tri 1:1 r> mill ' troll- ui.i i, or wont into it with more zeal. Tito iliage h oi boon so gieat l>y the House of iL- i ppresentatives, in electing Mr. Admits, tl rit there wait no m I of a Congressional ,r ,< ueus or iiomiiiuliug Convention t<> c< n svtitrate public opinion, for there was no vidoit, and Jackson was elected by a.via- I.., at ion io wipe out the outrage. In the t'r ovious contest the friends ot" (baicrai 0f tekson, as well lis Mr. Calhoun, had taken tv rcidtti ground against C mgresaional e.vu- dj, Im-s, beeatiso Mr. Crawford hail h -in |,,t nn.n iteil in one, and '.ho others ha 1 run jy,, jaiiisl lite noiniuation. Theielore, tlte\ j uid never after fall hack to that course; i,Ci it when real diwsion sprang up again, te( ey resorted to National Con volitions as substitute. This was tlio case in 18d'2, K|t to the Vice President; and Jackson wa> je e unanimous choico as to the 1'iesidciit, UK though iie had said he would ik i run a no com! time. The only division was as to pe, ie \ ice President, and Mr. Van liuicti nr. as nominated, while Jackson was re nonii n, ited witliutil divisiou. In the meantime, iju iring the administration of Mr. Ail mis, ua s friends formed what was called the or. atioiml Republican party, nil 1 claimed to ,.u a sulodivisitui of the (.>. 1 Republican nty, bui they in loility drew in, to a .,0 eat extent, the remnant of the O.J ! ' Ci l? of 1 parly,and bv their doctrines.-, on made I platform so national, that any Federalist ,-n| mid stand upon it. The first great issue \ >at Mr. Adams ami Clay made was on the nnatua mission, and lite principles as?uui g,. 1 inatle tlio distinctive division of parties. ' (,f he State Rights ami Radical school, as \, ey were then called, fell into opposition a that great debute in tlm Kmmt?- fh ;iIi *\t great issue made by the National Reiblicnns under Adams and Clay was a ' n,; I I11' for di-.! ilii-t. oroliW'.lioll u - ?'oil. I ... ... r. r-- ?. I 11M clod with an enlarged system of interna) hj< iprovements. 'I lie State llight- liepub- j ?50 :;iiib t<> k gioiuul in Opposition, :ind hence i?. oso ill.)I great debate on foil's rcsolu- In( ins, vvlien nil the friends of Gen. .lad. ou, rin itli Mr. Grundy. from Tennessee, nt their | W1 ?ad, opened up the principles of State in >,, i position, and even nullilication, as cm tin accil in the \ nginia resolutions of 17l)6. Vo was on this occasion that Gen. II ay tic, wj slinguished for his lofty and elevated ?| inracler, adorned as it was by true patriot syi m and glowing eloquence, made hisgreat wa >eech in icply to Mr. Webster, wliich cnl en. Jaekson w rote him he had printed on ry iliu, and placed in his library, as contain- tji? g the true theory of tho Constitution. (m H>;i after bis election, however, a rupture t;i'i 'ok place between him and Mr. Calhoun, nu, id involved personal feelings. It -.jrew it of what Gen. Jackson had supposed to j Mr. Calhoun'; course in Mr. Monroe's dit ibiuel in lelalion to ti o S. minolo caur- j,o \ign,nnd the taking of f't-iisucola anil tho S|j] aranoas. It is sufficient to say that it ai, educed a violent rupture. In this mp. re Mr. (nllioim fell into a minority in the f,,r cat party that had succeeded so triumph- pr( jtfy in overthrowing the Adam# adminis ( tin l "% vJk lion. Then soon after, too, sprang up ! tit ics which involved the general principles l>? >n which tho canvass had been discuss- \\ and the administration took up what th n. Jackson called 11 judicious taiill", em- to cing protection, Mr. Calhoun and his lu lids fell back upon free trade, and its ai at and vital principles, involving ulti- re tely in tho last rcsoit the right of State tit imposition, taking the identical grounds th en in common with (Jen. Jackson's I M uds on the "Woollens l>ill" and tarill" I at 1828, before the election. In this gloat uj tnre*, and in these great issues, it was ta ura! f.,r South Carolina to take sides M h her distinguished son. lie had been L'< pride and ornament of his State, and te 1 illustrated the spirit of her institutions m h a nohlo intellect and fervent patiiot- | in i, on the most trying occasion; in fact, l> brilliant genius had illuminntcd tho ic- w; test confines of our State, and each and ca i v one of hern delighted to bask and to j in el in its soft and glowing rays, even as oj n delights in the genial siiii of early 01 ing, as l.e lling* his morning light over ti< valleys and gieen hills < f the land, till it ping with joy under the plastic hand of i-v icueilecnl God. , ei; t cs, it was peifectly natural to take ? ' ;s with such a man and to stand by him longh he may fall into a minority. j issues became more violent and deciI, until it elided in the Taiitf of 1882; 1j I this State, pursuing the path of her ' fussed piimiph's, interpose 1 her sover- V a atithori'v under the most intense exuncut. This produced universal public " Mission of the principles involved 'jk oughoiit tho Colifedera w, and just a few , i i . i . ' 1 e i?? ['Hi into I ration, which the Statu in Convention ml.l.'d had declared should bo titiii 1 void, as \ irginia ii i 1 done in the alien I sedition law>. "the < ioinpn mis. " was rod need in the Senate l?v Mr. t'iav, and lied through the I! >iisc, s ? that in fact i 1 1 (. ovurniir tit repealed its own act bes tlie day arrived on which it was to s? iiinetieo its operation. This was State th iTpositioii. All these events produced iti most intense excitement,and of coins.- g: ew ns for years out of the pirtv move- i n? nts of tlie general Republican party of pt I 'nton then lead by < ?'en. da l;son, and d< course in genetal nominations we t k lit le or no interest. Tl nsi' tvho were with 'M were called tlie strict "state Rights n: ool. Mr. Calhoun, in the mean time, It 1 losigi ed his \ ice Presidency and gone a! 0 the Seimto to vindicate the e> tnse of . ; 1 State and his public career. In the v. at contest with tin- National 1 tank, t en. M L.son, for the !ii-l lime in out public at* di s, had in his messages appealed f> the di pie of the nation as a whole, as contra- p.tingiiisliffl fioia the people of tlie States C tlie Conftsleracy. And hence the git at It ijority of the party assumed the name pi llso J>emocratic parly, as coutia?li?tiu at ishetl lit mi the \\ liig party, as a generic G ine, that had sprung up at d was assum hi by tlie old .\ai oiiai Republicans under |,i .Clay. Uur party u-i.tiucl the name m -tate Rights U< publicans, iiioi >'. d . u gi my measure bctu en the Iw . !"o iiiii !i in that iii i< 'uuaiv, ISdo, the C,-uiovi it- t party, undci the ! td of Mr. I'oil:, in . House, itilr 11: 1 tlie f?iu??iis bill i fr i..., !.. i ti. . I > ii.. ' .i torn, or Stf*t * Pink- lis -iters ol t'. hlic ihoim'v-j llic W nD-. uti'i ;r t'i p 1 t l Mr. P.iniiey, Went for naik i g 111 ? l>; iiu-1 S: i>s Hank again the Vp ..-itorv l>l public iii'>noy??, and t e S.aV lightsp ir- \ under the lead of Gen. << ?rd n, of Vii rt 1. 1, int 1 < iu.'i-! what i> imw called the ; i t 11 TieriMjiv, t-? t\ ? It 111 1> lug ab-oibed by either to a eneat \t neiph\ I whs a v. ry vumi;' 111 111- A r of thi> Home, f 1 tlie tir-l time, and vn- *_-j I w ith lliii tv-tw-/ otIt* rs l >r it, in the . ijm of three resolution-, embracing the ol intienl prim ip of i!?- j 10-ei.t Imle it iidenl l iea ury of lie- General Govern- al mt. lu 183H. tit0 Xaliounl Convention \. minuted Mr. Van liar, n, au0 \ Kh because she opposed their polie\ ot M ;aji;/.alion, but became *lie wa> indilb i- 0 l, having heeir alienate d li 111 the geiier- tl party by her course on many exciting v in'.-.. l'iiings thus sto >J until thcniing 1 1^37, when universal -u-p.msi 'U >!' the nks took place, an 1 with tii.it, what was 1> led the Pel P.ank system blew up. Mr. \ in Kuren calied an extra se?i'>n of 1 >u- 1. ->r, und was forced to recommend an In- p [ eiideiit Treasury. The Jai k- n l.rancli V the Democratic put} bad warre i upon a a itionul lh.nk and propel lv warred up 1. '1 for 1 in ver was at any p. liod of my 1 !c. \ ! I < 1 i 1 i iii. 1;, id I if ill- ' I .. < 0 of twenty three, a l.'nited States ll uik -,v in. Mr. \ iin 1 >utun conl.1 not recotn r. mkI tli it, jirnl tin' 1'ivoiilc nutni-t ,, Ml-nilo of the S;:itc Banks had blown up. n there was no nil. rnative but tin; hide ,, ndeiit Ticasury, tlio very identical f, lastiro that lia?l been introduced, i ?l> ,] ary, l.SJiS, l?y (Ion. (lordon, an! I'm i, licli thirty-throe of u- then voted. Tlii-.ition of ihe President, then the heal of H s great Democratic party, of coir-to in- l( Ived ail tlioso groat principle* connect bill, in tiio Committee of the Whole; I | 1 so, and after discussion, a motion \* is * .-a ido to report it, and tlieu lay it on the ?le. It w;w cariied by a small majoii'.v, n d 1 was the only member from South ,\ rolina tiiat voted for the m?a->uio that sioii. 1 was censured severely for it in ,\ feront paits of tlio State, ns it was sup- *, sed at tliat time to savor too much of [ port to the general Democratic party ^ d Van Buren for the politic* of the State. it as soon as Mr.'Calhoun took hisst nid h it, public sentiment here change 1. Hi* cat speeches on that auhjocLooou brought b & State to act cordially once more will l\ 0 national party from whom wo had I ton partially alienated for acvoral years, 'o then went into tho campaign with ! em, and Mr. Calhoun hecamo roconeiled Mr. Van Huron, even fo much so, that 1 dined with him, and it was publicly inoiincod through the Richmond Knquir. Wo afterwards wont iutocaucus wiili ein on all important question*; and in o great contest of 1840, Co v. Thomas, of aryland, and myself wrote the address id ntaolulious of the 1 >etnocralic party, ion which the canvass was conducted, or liter in caucus tho rcpoit was made bv r. Crundy, and on the motion of Mr. oik it was referred back to a sub-commit* 0 of tiov. Thomas and myself, and we rood leed it. South Carolina went heartily to the content, and the nomination of \ an urcn was a moro nominal matter, us llioie as no division. Wo were beaten, bouse tho resolutions and report had two uch stri-1 principle f??r tho limes, and our ponenls under Harrison carried it with, it ptinciples, or rather fighting f<>r a Xa* inal Hank in some sections and against in others; at.d so of all the other great uies. At the extra s? --.ion ol 1842 tin y ideavored t<> carry every thing iu the ape of a National Hank in some form, it weie defeated in all. They succeeded i!i" Tar ill-of 1842. The compromise of' >33 made a biennial reduction of ten ]x?r nt. to run for ten years, and at the end of; at time to 1 e reduced to the wants of an ouotuical < overmuent. They got the -fore its latter years fulfilled Us final <>polion, >o us to give lis the benefit, it. in j :itilcle*s ilisiegsird ? fall faith, was repeal1 by tho laritl of 1842, introduced hv e same man who had iu trod need the iiipioiniao of 1833. This was carries] ;ain t the n of the I' in eiaiie irty. exeept two distinguished Senators, r. Wright, of Now Voik, and Mr. Unlanan, of I 'enntyhania. It was these gr< it ipie-tions that brought nth Carolina into full eotntuuiiion witli e Democratic paitv of the LTiioti, so that ; 1 X ? "t ti n ^..11- 1 .. I ' .... .. . t* I \ 1 I xj . ? ? .Hi- J .1 * 'II ? I'll i I' I * ' I 1 rl'i ites exaetly >imil:ir to tho assembly here >\v. Mr. ' lilkiiiui h;ul in i lo n great inivs>ion, aii'l .ma* freoly sp- ken of lor I'roM nl in all parts of the I"nioti. South Caron took uu active part in national p 11i. -. lie Convention of l!iis State m? t ami notniiteul>j' ct to^tlie tioinii: .ii<>n at the ill till) ore Convention. The t' invention so made an argument as t?< the plan of eoling ami organizing the IJ enoi a I Con tilioii. The prominent nomination of r. Calhoun bv lhi> State iinme iiu'oiv ?w ihe Uro of the friends of nil the can*: dates ot the old .Ink-ou Democratic ntv. i liese wiio Mr. Nan loir :?, Mr. a?, II. M. .1 >!m?on, and Mr. Unchnuan. i the uieaiitiii'.e, towaid- fill, Mr. v' t.huim iblished hi, urgmueut against the in le ul manner of organizing the lothim ,rc j ouvo .ti >n a ! it, evil : . 1 neie*. I ie-re a*l been two Deb-gat. f ?r tho State at i rge I'i.M leu h\ tl. re C ?IIVe|,;i II. I'll'. , ider lhi? le ter of Mr. Calii am the C ?| i i >,! al I >iatlie's VVfle ilelille:ent to elect j g ..l V I Vh'g.'ltus a, propo-. | I \ t!.1 Slate IIvent; n. an 1 theio were none appoint 1 * !. Mr. ChiIm aits niitnA wsi feveti taken oill the p | l- ? ! hi, S;,t.., J; . . li- juTH'tlll tie re b<-g in I > !'> in np aim- , .or ,'ie .t ah-.,11>: . g .pr ti n '] n 'he | a - Ire ..Kin, i'i. iotte -'.ir ! i'cxa* ad i.-en lik - a iiery tneti >r f?. ;ii the, loo.lv It, 1 <.| *-iu .laiinlo. In l.s'ta Mr. an 1 alien an i i.is Secretary ?: State i ..o rinsed t i eoiini-ii.r l!i ipn s*i n ul o iii> in. a ul I lii.i iii'1 .t'A ay ill.', i i 81 tf. i in: riu-di Cov et niiicol ha t it. ei: i i to pie Ill nDlleVi'.lolt, avowing ;: i r . t j 11 i.uri L?rvi.? 11 tli.tt lur olj'Vt w <- t.? j 10 ! nv u itu ij>al i llir > "if. the w 'i hi. i lu? l. i tin t1 ' luiiitl. ?it. i nidi .ell'-i Mi. t '.i. it > hi ' > Mi. Kin ;i Miiift. r i 1 lance, malf the whole South il? j>S\ live t Uio ?!< ;.> . ud r.iit inicreM-5 in*; ?|\ i J. I lie r.inv:i?i t r tin* I'l l i.lfticji . I : ?;iowe I i] ?. n piety ma li to n ? n-.1 l>. \Vi eii Mi. t ...y and Mi. \ Hi P. .lit;, n. . >i. y ot" tin' 1 ?i legale* already . I Welti know li to l.f ill la\ir . i Van I lure; n i it ua> id that Mr. i i iv and Ir. Win l/.ir n... li id-ot'the tw o | nth , mM iul: tii lf.\ it qn?M on, and in die a- i'i. . i- n tuin ? :i tlif i i - . iiji i. iii, i Mr, Van I'.ur.u was i :* . in SIO. There lit! been a great if .. ., n ii them, ai. 1 it was though the . .... i >w '.< : !. Mr. i t\ Was at K .h ;'h, and It. \ an Ihirm lif.il' A.I'll V, all 1 \ til 'ttf'i a ' ill,-' I'.f a it -li . I ... r 4 . ! in t!i N it; ii.-u In: . r. v. S:ii?i11j."i i, if i. : i> \ iv -.im .1 vv ii ['[> iK-'l : t ilnv 1 tt" t . l..t i> s ! i >!>. tl !:];, ft.:in>i in, .iixl it ? :i, i:t irl f?: ' V ! I'Vt 1 it v. i- 1 V i ! ' r-l:i!itiiiiu'. "Hi 1 ti. 'itiv r. < l!i i' ? i ! Iii !i ? i. ;f | in \!it> ovciill11 vv .if \ . i liti Ml. I 11 I N-Ill 'Mat prirtv were 1 f, >un\v tlx-tr j>riuoij ;?! ! * ler, li'.l I oil, II W1 wh ' it i? 11 ?t :i n- always f-?!! _? i . t* r nl?-lr x-t j'lii ?ilow??.l ilivii ninl li? ! ! t!i *in t > teat. Alt- ! tl?o lo go uli its, as ii was important to the South lei lo lilt- 111 ti I it | >11 <1 lt-\,'S. 1 was Very ;luctanl to go, timid lli" ciictiiii taneos, n*. we I: I g. t a |V a o. thyi at .vt .van's I >lt i, Ch trl? '. >n. nit.i roitel get no t ,o t 0 c.VOpt Mr. Aiki n, tin' present tiicnilu-i 1 tknigross. V ? atleiiihl tlx- i n, o'. huwvVt I as i. filial in?mbcil> it w hi n Ir. J'oiL was II011) i It ltd wo Wt > i on > speak, ami v. ? dtlially i) pi v. .1 t ,t. Ir. IVI It wa. I r aiilxxation t>I . \as >llixl on the I mil internal neiiietits Hank, ami alljjio-.it (pu-stiotu; an 1 as t > enerfll polities, occupied lito ?am>? gioiiixi alia .Mr. Calhoun; ami l>ut for Mi. <'al-1 otto's loiter against the organi/ ui..n of the Convention, in all probability, ho w aid ave received the nomination instead of Ir. l'olk. Wo mine lx?tno ft on; the < on volition, Hinl public meetings wore held ii the State to. ratify the nomination. It ?n received with enthusiasm; and South Caro lilm otico nioro entered warmly into tin canvass for President njwl Vico President 1I?; was elected, an 1 appointed Mr. l'ucha nan Secretary of State, and the Mcxicm war came on. Mr. < nlimun threw himsel against it, and lo*t the sympathy and con trol of the Democratic, party in the South And again in 1848 South < 'arolina hecanv inditlerciit to the nominating < invenlioi for the Presidency. Den. Cn?s was noiui nuted, and many of ?>?ir members of Con gu ts were against and him in favor of Con lay lor. I'lie people <>f the State, however took very decided ground fur his nornina tioii as agaiiot general politics. ,lu> at this period canto on the Convention fo nominati n, and of cou*?e, the State, undo the heated events she had but recently pass ed thlough at home, t ok no interest what tvcr ill 1110 VOll Velli'. Jll. lull W Ill'll 'sell I'iorco was nominated, she t Kik ;i decide* and unanimous p"irt. Tiieic was uoldivi-noi enough amongst a-, t'> produce discussion I iiavo thus given a rapid view of th cuiuse of the Stat*?, ami of the j.iiaci pal causes that influenced the course, a well as I understood tliera. The onlj great and decided point m ule in her in difference to, or opposition to, acting will the Pemocratic paitv in their noininatin< Convention* was a* connected with Mr ' 'alliotin's puhiicati >r against the modi and manner of organization of the Haiti morel mention that met in 184 1. Mr Calhoun was right as far a* he went. 1 her are no doubt very grave and serious objec tions to llie usual manner of constituting such assemblies. And Mr. Calhoun's for tile genius could also, no doubt, jajint on - rious objections to the mode and tiianne ofdvcling almost any deliberative HsseiubU if he chot-e to analyse it. l ake, for instance our own Legislature. lie could casil prove that there ha 1 been corruption am even bribery at many of the cicciiou boxc ? that tlicru had b< eh fraud aud eoriup couibinalions in many of the hisliicti And, evun aft* r lire Legislature was ae^eiu oh .. it > i'.i I be pioved that there was col i i; Uianag* tlicnt an 1 1 >g rolling, and till ju-t and unfair legislation* So t a' amlui them a! tog?*t!.ei and ab h tlicin! All govern in. lit it-elf is an e\si, .ami tho only roasoi why we submit t<* it, is that it is a sul vti ttite f *r a greater evil, which is anarchy. I this [ >i;tt of view it is a positive hlessinj: S > in tiii- case. t'.<*r v i- a great nrgumeu Ik v ill the p. it u> Mr. C tih .nil a-suiil . i in !. s .'t.-ro. < a itinici ion, an*l th? la\ hi the evil- arising iVotn the election ? l'r?*sii*nl and Vbo l'ro>ident Idling h il# tna ,\ in.-. .!? II f Ii . ii'.ntsve* Let lis l .'ok at it lor a mom. at. A or , ing to the Constitution, if anv candidate fan t > i iv .* v m ijoiity of tiie whole v ?(-; C. . a l.a: ( .n . a < . iC J .* tin' vjoes tu-o of li nr. sent in-, ami iiin-t b>> kept ?epii ito. l? i if the fit . ti.'ii ? : I're?i?Ifiit ini! >ilti?ili tall into tlio li m- li t !.* I acc ili vo, : !. 1 the Pre1'ir. wii. but be li. .' hum - l.?ol :?i; 1 it -ti ; of liio ' w l- ) w til ni ih the p ?\t t i - of tin* llepn!. an 1 : *-troy the ?.* juilil riitni of the tin.'? branches. nml in tke i f.t't l'. I I Wo .1 .1 a! 'I.' l'ie'1 will l'f Vol Scum* \\ th th' p ' ' ir h: .:.? !i ..f '.!: < I >v?*rr in. at in h ibr . >: t mtro! of the clot.lion . I'i.'^i.i?..t a:. 1 \ -o Pie-ih t, then- ea l>t: if - if. i for ; o -ity or linj lioptibli I It s-' * i won I a b * at tin r merer li. i we v. .i . ! cotjie a . iiMili IntOvl I >e:t.? ciiic. to a eeila.ii > \t.-ul, with a corruj >iift,.!l'l:V III to" lb in of l?f|>rCiCIHutile t lite iiio tin. -iin\ of empire, Sac 1 is K i the entaili In* f nil I bp:.lie where ;v' It . ' > tie hi inch choo-os th . \. rue ?. I h?* ?' 'listituti >n c\prc?! iv^ues the rai- 11or of all row tilt ft hills t ill.* 11 ' 11 ; f?*si*ntativt**>. 11 TC, t we w uhi halt '.lie >.uue branch of Cot on -- that In .1- the pur? Miin^s. tiamin loo, tiiu executive, ai.1 making him th it mill !e tool t.f tlicit > >rinpt aii'l i'i.:lio;it c\p. a.hlUit -t. Vou shv it is Ciirruptiticj to have Co vol ti : ti"iiiiiiatf an 1 prevent (lie ehvlio I'll o ill'. < th 11. i-e of 11 -pif-itive ml y-1 i a propo-e to corrupt p 'ruinticn iv the 1. '.'i-ia'.i.tt branch ol the lipulbii ami I it u poison the very fount.tin* of tli law id:ikii J< >w -r, at 1 1 i i ?? them l< thi.iw iii'4 the purple of utnphe at ti.eii l>. every Ion I \v.?r-> t ?r sil and baiter. A mil for nr. i m nt ili.it i!n> < juvcniiou corrupt, v. : it "inks bark again into tli ii..i? . ; ,1. j#r >p" , without tin- p.r.ve.r li: l?.:.;.1; .til- o\ i' \ oil! s! It it" i. ?"k-? Wit tii ' pcrlu.itr ir inmk-uf fifth.I anii. To gi\< lb it bran -ii that holds tli revenue in its ban Is a!.?o the power t h . I tin? President. is in fact to destroy tli fundamental equilibrium of the Goveri luci.t, and drive it to d>-> iv and ruin, ? to rei'i i iti >n. Hero lies tho argu in en And t ie trno reason why the country h* resulted to nominating caucuses in tli liist instance, after llie I>u r conspiracy ? (lie i ederaliots in 1601, and lb n in mux mi times to Conventions. True, thoy nia l>o full of evils, and even corruption, an vet they aio a choice of evils, ami provci a ?ri .tor ovil in till t!io stupendous an k& i ; corrupting consequences of the eloctioi > habitually falling into the House of Repre - suntalives This was deeply fell both it i? 1801 an-1 1821, and cattle near producing . a convulsion; and, if repeated often,.doe any mnti who has read history believe lb a i illia Republic could last? I Now, a few words as to the time am - the peculiar state of the couutiy in wbicl we ate called on to act at this juncture ii e in our utl'airs. Heretofore there migh > have becu some cause of approhenMou 01 the part of South Carolina, for fear sh may have been betrayed, or ui.juati; . dealt with in the Conventions. The Soull , had for years great grievances to complaii - of, and there might have been datige i thai the candidates chosen might lean lo< l much towards what had been dun*. by Gov . eminent, rather than to alleviate our wrong ' and grievances. We complained of tin -* operation of an unconstitutional liauk o the United Stales, and of a lurid' for pro i toction connected with it; aud, also, of an en largcdaud systematic system of expenditure i in internal improvements, appropriated 01 > canals and great national roads. These wen i :dl branches of the same system; and dutin* ) the operation of the United States Haul from 1810 to 183G, in round numbers abou t >100,000,000 of inouey was lolleeied u r the bliape of ievenue, *300,000,000 of whicl r . was practically paid South of the Roto mac, and out of the $100,000,000 disburse* . by Government duriug that period at leas . >300,000,000 were disbursed North of tin 1 l'otornac; and as they ro.'eived $200,000, i 000 more than they actually paid, and wi . received only >100,000,000 in disburse mcut, and of course lost $200,000,000 - < There is no question upon earth but tba - the fiscal action of the Government, duriiq that period, atfectcd the distribution o - wealth i j that amount it this Confederacy i Wo fell it deeply. The conflict that thes? ^ I things produced created alienation am . doubt, and forced us to look rather 10 ioca i3 organisation for protection than to natiou al combinations us to the chief cilices. An issue was produced in tl.cso violen 8 conflict*, and Slate interposition forced th Government to repeal an odious taritF ac a few weeks before the day it was fixe* for it to co into operation in 1833. Th; amount of revenue too heavy. Hut as b rlfT. embracing the principled of free tra ! or a'. U\i-l abolishing specific* and niin mam-. In- been pui into one-ration by tii i veina, at. Toe democratic paity, in ? , triumph, broko down the infamous tari f IdtJ, with its specifis and minimum di t -, expressly for protection, and pnsst tin taritl'of 1816, with its <. / volortm as v substitute. True, tho o I v ilvnm i* entir u ly too high, and tho revenue beyond n j. that is necessary, an I the heavy disburs i* nients a*i cor111j?l. :n, and ought to l>o r i,* duced. Hat tho vitd piiuciplo of prote v timi, specifics ami minimum-*, is destroyo li They grow up from tho tariff of 18.1C an became the centre of existence to a prote 0 , tive tar ill'. Another corrupt branch of tl 0 system; a Hank, h destroyed; nud too Cur lC hcrland road, with canals, was tho cent x. of tho corrupt system of internal impfov ,, men s. I; is now abandoned, and the p has been no appropriation for it since 183 Tho gioat issues are now changed. l0 S lUthern Sonat'?r, Mr. Mason, from Vi ,C ginia, peuned tlie fugitive slave law to e j. force the Constitu'.ion on that point. v | north western Senator froru a non-slav holding Stato introduced and canted ti uruphautlv by tho force of his genius tl 11 repeal of the Missouri restriction. Tl 1 commenced to slop the partial and unjita r source* c! supply tor a corrupt and unjus '? bank to operate upon in iu fiscal action I and then Gen. Jackson nobly and glorious v ly destroyed the bank itself. '1 his Stat produced an issue that caused the Govern II luent to pau*o, and forced a full discuasioi ll of the unjust measure in the public mind ' which ended to a certain extent in its ovei throw; and Gen. Jackson destroyed llie otli < r corrupt branch of the svsteui, and gave decided shock to local and partial interna improvement*. Then immediately aftei X wards, iu 1830, sprang up those olhc I movements upon our local institution: ' Tin y took the place in public excitemcn of the taritl, bank and iiitoiuel improve luents. The North had used theru t??gov II cm the South, and now use Ab.dilion fo the same purpose*. This unholy and ur 11 hallowed combination betweeu base amb > tion and foul fanaticism, the designing an unprincipled use for the purpose of crcalin, I a majority to tuio the South. It is more II juestion of p wer with theui than of cor > ience. 1 i lhi? contest wo labored un?lt 1 gre.it disadvantages. < >ne of tho lcadili S Stat.'S committed a slniietidou I lander iu tno ordinance of 1767, and tlu s we bad forced on u* tho Missouri Coiupri inisC of l^JO. rhi.s gave the Xorth tli J1 tight to a pi re Slates, and cobmizc soul " of 30 leg. 3 J min. Intitule, but prohib ' ted us it n going no.th of that ho* S uilli of it was loft to the settlers to chaos -da very or n t, and u rth we had nocho:c< ' It was an infaiu an and degrading distinc II lion. It was substituting "a sing'o la s pa-se l by a majority iu Congress for th n t'onstilution, *nnd attempting to give it a i i?o i icmu :y oi an amendment to the Ped< iai e .-mp u:. Ami if thev could thin :&< 1 ' t?> ?. ir amend the instrument in one it stance, tiu-y coui 1 in anotlicr, ami thus th 11 compact it-elf would bo in the hands of !r uple majniity in C tngre-*, instead of i to < bauds ? f tiie State who made it. Th i . . la a f this (' jnfedeiaoy was mad >t by throe fourths of the States, and the n a! Can a id to or take from it. Thei e. ii I. ) human trihanal can d > it hut then i\ an 1 the country will sink down into th > imbecility of slaves if they - ibmit to ant >t tiling short of that. I liese were our ditl s. cullies. And that part of tlio Oonatiii h tion tvhi'di enjoitM the rendition of fug \ lives fr.cn labor had bee una obsoloh e Kentuck , Virginia and Maryland felt tl \ grievance too heavy to be borne. No. o how bland the great issues? lrtte, w !,. hav0 b. i wronged, ?? :? j?ly wrougeu i i- tlie past history <>t" the Oovernmeut, an r. f ! n \ tli burthen* . t' ii ! iiiiii?s.iifii J i North nuw complains of grievances. They demand the restoration of this Missouri i line?the repeal of the fugitive slave law, { They demand the abolition of slavery ia s i the District of Columbia?sod the regulat lion of the slave trade between the States, and that no new Slate with slavery shall J hereafter be admitted. These are all posit It live measures. They require action?offena j *ive moves. Wo slund on the defensive, t The Government, at last, for the first time a in twenty-five years, has made a platform 0 we can stand upon. We sustain it. Tho v i North wages war upon it. Heretofore, , when we complained of grievances, if any j portion of tho South made u specific mover uient for redress other portions would opj pose it, and wo were divided. Now tha . North has to move, and when they propose 1 specific action they in turn will be divided, e and must be from the very nature of things; f and with the South united and the North divided, we can control this Unian, if wa . but have wisdom and patriotism to per3 ceive what is right, and tc do it manfully j and truthfully. u It is provincial statesmanship not to un< dcrstnnd the issues and comprehend the c great changes in the country. We need t no platform?the Government has already i made the platform, and we stand by it, i Heretofore there was danger of the line . being drawn loo low, and the platform b*? J ing loo much propped up; but now Ute I Government itself has made it, with the a L'resideut at its head, and it is strong . enough and wide enough for us to stand a upon it boldly; and if liicy make a plair . form below that, they must fall them? I. selves. The North itself has been overt ; run and prostrated by a corrupt aud profljr gate combination of parties amongst then),f selves, and there is no hope for the . lion eat and true there but in the Constitui tion, and the whole Constitution. We go ] for that Constitution as broad enough tor j us nil. As iong as wc are in the Uuion i . ! am for discharging nil our duties, faithfull >j and fully, under that Union. 1 scorn t and despise to ntfect one thiog and to fael 0 another. If we are going for secession t that is another thing. Hut as long as we j are part of this Confederacy let us do our duM ty, manfully and faithfully, to the country, 1 the tchole country, and nothing but tks t country. These arc my sentiments. A Senator from a nou-slaveliolding Slate ' in north the west introduced a repeal of the 1 vt ? -? * y .?n>vuii kuiiijMUllllati, UIIU L>y 019 SDItltJ . and energy carried it triumphantly by the n assistance of Northern votes. Aod I here pay my tribute to n brave and talented man?here, in the very centre and heart of j South Carolina, 1 take pride in tendering n my cot dial approbation ton very intellectual al and intrepid .statesman. And shall we , refuse to staud l>y those who have planted ,r themselves in the breach made by the U, nnlical and the factious in the institution* t of our country ? who stand with Douglas on the very outer wall, and wave the dag , of constitutional equality? No! no! Hen. i der justice to w hom justice is due. Shall we turn our backs with indifferI enee upon the President, who pobly stands ,j in the very portals that lead to the tempi* ,, of our common liberties?bearing, as he i does, aloft in one baud the sword of ju?p j. tice, and in llto other the aegis of the Coo>r stilution! Shall we refuse to nerve his r patriotic arm! Shall we refuse to stand ~ by him) No! no!?eveiy feeling of my K nature revolts at it?every impulse of my ho*, t watuis me to the contest. Put it is said, that to stand oy our I, friend.- in every emergency is to endanger the viitue of our men?is to bring them in to contact with corruption ! ! Ar?*t . Coino to this?that South Carolina has -ui.kso low that she has bo sous who can now he trusted in the common councils of ,v l our sister States! It* wo are thus prostrate, (> poor indeed wo mu>t he?atid iu truth iti# ;; time that our guardians should be appelated. Put there is danger of our becoming vj corrupted with federal otlices, if wo go for j. choiring a sound and true President!!! e \S'? have no motive except to engage in a ;i scramble for federal offices !!! Ah] I harp u a right to say that there are men here who 0 can trample the livery and trapping* of ;c federal lienors beneath their feet in the v dust of the earth, if incompatible with thp honor arid rights of South Carolina, (tell , gentlemen that there are those here who e illti fain "T<> crook the pregnant hinge* ??f die knee, '. i Where thrift may follow fawning.'> I throw back the insinuation iq piif ss4 j. : contempt. If there be any son of South p 1 Carolina who, on account of his character ; and devotion to the Constitution, may bo thought worthy of Federal power, why may ho not wear the badge with boeorf tl There i- nothing at present in the attitude j of the State to forbid it. No?lot us do v our duty?let us do what is right in fofbearing liberality to those who difiar ?il\ us. I/o opeuly an 1 fairly what is right, \' and my life on it South Carolina will sus 10 tain us. The American Bible Society printed last year 901,400 copies of the Bible and New Testament, nnd lias issued from it* orgaoi' i.uion in 1810 no less than lOfitSfiif "* c "pies. The American and Foreign Bible Society issued in 1853-4, 61,032 volume*, and has published more than 550,000 copie* l" since its formation. The entire number of |?* copies of the Bible, in whole or in part, published by the Bible societies, including ' the Bible Society in Philadelphia, oonsitier | rably exceed* e'gven millions, tbe larggst c part of which has been circulated among ie i the people of tbo United States. io Tm New Nicaragua* Mi sister.?The o Washington correspondent of the New re York Tribune telegraphs to that paper tbaf 7. all foreign legations have determined *